长鳍篮子鱼池塘养殖技术

正长鳍篮子鱼(S.canaliculatus),属鲈形目、篮子鱼科、篮子鱼属,是我国南方地区海水网箱混养的重要鱼类,但池塘单养模式较少。长鳍篮子鱼是暖水性鱼类,养殖生长适应水温在23℃~33℃,属广盐性鱼类,生长最适盐度约在20左右,长鳍篮子鱼耗氧量较大,对溶氧要求高,无法存活于溶氧低于2mg/L的水体,当水体溶氧低时,容易出现缺氧死亡,夏天养殖容易出现死亡的主要原因是缺氧。长鳍篮子鱼容易受惊吓产生应激反应,养殖过程中不能过大刺激长鳍篮     

褐篮子鱼光伏地膜工程化单养模式试验

褐篮子鱼(Siganus fuscescens)属于篮子鱼科,隶属硬骨鱼纲、辐鳍亚纲、鲈形目、刺尾亚目,该科鱼类共27种,我国主要养殖品种有长鳍篮子鱼和褐篮子鱼。褐篮子鱼体长椭圆形,侧扁,产卵期在5-7月。褐篮子鱼是暖水性近海小型鱼类,是以植物为主的杂食性鱼类。其肉质鲜美、营养价值丰富,深受海区人民的喜爱。我国最早于1999年有报道篮子鱼的人工养殖试验,篮子鱼养殖模式有池塘养殖、传统小网箱养殖.     

篮子鱼养殖（Rabbitfish Farming）现状及其发展前景

篮子鱼隶属于篮子鱼亚目Ｓｉｇａｎｏｉｄｅｉ篮子鱼科Ｓｕｉｇａｎｉｄａｅ篮子鱼属Ｓｉｇａｎｕｓ，据现有文献报道，篮子鱼约有２４种。篮子鱼鲞已在印度－磁平洋及地中海地区普遍开展直来，已引起国内外海水养殖专家们的兴趣手关注。近几年来，专家们把它推荐为不养殖的一种经济鱼类，它是很有发展前任的海水鱼养殖对象。     

DNA条形码在篮子鱼科鱼类种类鉴定和系统进化分析中的应用

为建立篮子鱼科鱼类物种快速鉴定方法,该研究扩增获得了篮子鱼科10种鱼类的46条线粒体COⅠ基因序列,结合从BOLD和GenBank上筛选出的12种27条篮子鱼科COⅠ基因序列,分析篮子鱼科鱼类的COⅠ基因片段序列特征、种间和种内遗传距离及分子系统进化关系。结果表明,19种73条篮子鱼科COⅠ基因序列的平均碱基组成为T:28.9%、C:28.7%、A:24.6%、G:17.8%。G+C的含量(46.5%)低于A+T的含量(53.5%),碱基组成表现出明显的偏倚性;篮子鱼科鱼类的种间平均遗传距离为0.098,是种内平均遗传距离(0.002)的49倍;基于19种篮子鱼科鱼类的COⅠ序列的系统进化分析结果显示,19种篮子鱼中仅单斑篮子鱼(Siganus unimaculatus)和狐篮子鱼(S. vulpinus)聚类在一起,形成1个分支,剩余17种(89.5%)篮子鱼相同种内个体各自聚为一支,形成17个独立的分支。结果表明基于COⅠ基因的DNA条形码技术可应用于篮子鱼科物种鉴定。     

篮子鱼生态防控北方海参池塘草害作用研究

<正>篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus),隶属鲈形目,篮子鱼科,篮子鱼属,广盐性鱼类,属近海暖水小型鱼类,喜欢栖息于藻类丰富的河海交界处,杂食性偏植食性。当温度降到24℃以下时,食性转为植食性,主要以褐藻、丝状绿藻及硅藻等为食。海参池塘养殖已成为我国北方海水养殖的重要产业,但近年来,随着海参养殖业发展,也出现了许多问题,限制了海参产业发展。夏季高温季     

引进点篮子鱼生态防治海水池塘大型丝藻技术

<正>河北省是海水池塘养殖大省,海水池塘养殖面积3万hm~2,每年夏季浒苔(大型丝藻)暴发腐烂导致水质败坏是多年来困扰海水养殖的一大技术难题,虽然有各类清苔药物,但使用教果都不理想,并且多有副作用,严重挫伤了我省养殖户的积极性。点篮子鱼是一种暖水性浅海鱼类,属鲈形目(perciformes),篮子鱼科(Siganidae),篮子鱼属(Sigannus)。篮子鱼是以植物性为主的杂食性鱼类,其生活习性为:生活水温16~38℃,适温     

利用温泉水低盐度驯养及越冬大规格点篮子鱼苗种试验

<正>点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus),隶属于鲈形目篮子鱼属(Siganus),主要分布于热带、亚热带的印度和西太平洋,在我国分布于南海海域,为浅海近岸水域杂食、暖水、广盐性鱼类。点篮子鱼因其体色艳丽、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养及经济价值高等优点,备受消费者喜爱。近年来,在我国北方沿海作为池塘及网箱混养的品种,利用其摄食藻类的习性抑制藻类的过量繁生,起到改善养殖水质、提高养殖的产量及效益的作用,因此对点篮子鱼苗种的需求     

温泉水低盐度培育大规格点篮子鱼苗种试验

<正>点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatus),隶属于硬骨鱼纲(Osteichthyes),鲈形目(Perciformes),篮子鱼科(Siganidae),篮子鱼属(Siganus),主要分布于热带、亚热带的印度——西太平洋,在我国分布于南海海域,为浅海近岸水域杂食、暖水、广盐性鱼类。点篮子鱼因其体色艳丽、肉质细嫩、味道鲜美、营养及经济价值高等优点,备受消费者喜爱。近年来,在我国北方沿海将点篮子鱼作为池塘及网箱混养的品种,利用其摄食藻类的习性来抑制藻类的过量繁生,达到到了改善水质、提高养殖产     

观赏蓝子鱼主要种类生物特征及其人工养殖技术要点

<正>篮子鱼隶属于鲈形目、刺尾鱼亚目、篮子鱼科,仅有1属为篮子鱼属,共有27种,包括狐篮子鱼、褐篮子鱼、长鳍篮子鱼、星篮子鱼、蓝带篮子鱼、凹吻篮子鱼、蠕纹篮子鱼、银色篮子鱼、眼带篮子鱼、大瓮篮子鱼、爪哇篮子鱼、刺篮子鱼、金线篮子鱼、尖嘴篮子鱼、暗体篮子鱼、斑篮子鱼、金带篮子鱼、三斑篮子鱼、白点篮子鱼、似眼篮子鱼、点篮子鱼、大篮子鱼、乌     

利用地热水驯养点篮子鱼苗种试验

<正>点篮子鱼是我国南方海水养殖的经济鱼类之一,目前被积极推荐为新的养殖对象。本试验利用温泉地热水成功培养出大规格点篮子鱼苗种,为低盐度地区养殖点篮子鱼提供参考。一、试验条件1.地热水试验地点位于威海市汤泊温泉度假有限公司养鱼场,养殖用水是通过深水井从地下700米抽取的地热水,出水口水温冬季78~80℃,夏季82~83℃。水质经化验监测达到养殖用水要求,人可以直接饮用。2.养殖池点篮子鱼苗种养殖池面积4.3亩,     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Protein and amino acid composition from the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris exposed to prolonged starvation

Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg^?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg^?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg^?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.