冶力关国家水利风景区旅游环境质量评价研究

旅游环境质量的好坏直接影响水利风景区水资源持续利用、水利工程安全、水生态环境保护、水文化传播甚至整个风景区的生存与发展,对旅游环境质量进行科学、全面的评价成为管理水利风景区的重要手段。通过运用层次分析法与模糊数学方法相结合的模糊综合评判方法,在构建水利风景区旅游环境质量评价指标体系的基础上,对冶力关国家水利风景区进行了评价,评价结果表明旅游环境总体较好,其中自然生态环境＂很好＂,旅游资源和服务环境＂较好＂,但水利工程特性、社会环境和信息环境等3大类环境评价结果为＂一般＂。从增加旅游活动的参与性、加强旅游服     

基于水文化的巴城湖水利风景区规划探析

水文化是城市水利风景区的灵魂,也是提升城市水利风景区品质和丰富其内涵的必要途径。近年来,各地大力开展水利风景区建设,凸显地域特色的水文化建设已被视为水利风景区规划的首要内容。为了阐明水文化理念对水利风景区规划的重要性,探究水利风景区规划梳理和运用水文化资源,通过水利风景区规划技术手段传承水文化,基于当前水利风景区规划建设中存在的问题,以江苏昆山巴城湖水利风景区为例进行了以下研究:(1)在水文化与水利风景区的总体认知背景下,梳理巴城水文化资源,探究如何挖掘水文化资源价值;(2)从水文化资源保护和旅游项目内涵表现方面分析了巴城湖水利风景区规划困境;(3)基于巴城水文化资源布局和发展脉络,确定规划定位和和规划布局;(4)以湖城共生、水乡共融为目标,提出"红色科教、绿色体验、蓝色休闲、金色品质"四大主题旅游产品,以传承"水利文化、水乡文化、水城文化、水蟹文化"四大水文化精髓。     

昆山明镜荡自然河湖型水利风景区建设与管理模式探讨

介绍昆山明镜荡水利风景区建设规划、管理和发展等情况,为自然河湖型水利风景区的建设与发展提供借鉴。昆山明镜荡水利风景区位于昆山市锦溪镇,总面积约32km2,其中水域总面积达10.78km2。在南部水乡岸线整治初期,水工程建设考虑了水利景观建设,营造整体生态景观,提高水工程的审美价值。通过景区内锦溪现代农业生态园,将都市现代农业引入到水利风景区旅游中。将汪洋湖、明镜荡、长白荡、陈墓荡等纳入生态保护工作范围,拆除养殖围网,种植水生植物;迁离污染比较严重的企业。在湖泊岸线整治后的堆土表面种植绿化植物或铺设草垫;堤防护岸采用格宾网、自然护坡等形式。自然河湖型水利风景区的建设要重点突出水工程景观营造、水生态保护与修复。在落实景区规划的同时,要注重水资源保护规划、水土保持规划等专项同步编制;水文化展示馆要考虑游客的互动参与,增加知识性、互动性、趣味性和艺术性。     

欧洲丁无公害高产高效网箱养殖试验

<正>"欧洲丁高效养殖及苗种繁育技术研究"是我所承担的河南省科技发展计划项目,2013年我所和龙安区彰武水库特种水产养殖中心共同合作,对欧洲丁网箱养殖进行了改进和提高,探索出一个升级版的无公害高产高效养殖模式,现总结如下:一、材料与方法 1.水域环境条件网箱设置水域为彰武水库特种水产养殖中心水域,水库为国家级水利风景区,水     

基于GIS的大亚湾海域生态环境质量综合评价

根据2005年5月的调查资料,设计了基于GIS的环境质量综合评价模型,从水体污染、初级生产力、生物资源等方面对大亚湾海域生态环境的质量状况进行了综合评价,并对环境质量的空间分布趋势进行了模拟和分析。结果表明,大亚湾海域环境质量综合指数为0.71±0.0568,处于"较好"水平。水体营养水平偏高和浮游植物生物量偏高、多样性偏低是目前大亚湾海域生态环境状况的主要特征。从环境质量的空间分布趋势来看,评价海域依综合指数的级别,划分为3个区域,质量很好区、质量较好区和临界区,分别占总评价海域面积的2.27%、93.41%和4.32%,其质量综合指数平均值分别为0.80±0.0015、0.71±0.0434、0.54±0.0304。     

基于多元目标的水利风景区开发规划引导性研究

新时期,在强调水资源可持续利用的总体战略目标下,水利事业已将水土资源的生态保护、娱乐利用、旅游观光作为发展方向和任务之一,把水利风景区的开发建设纳入了重要工作内容。水利风景区的开发目标具有多元特点,其规划具有很强的综合性和多重复合的跨学科特征,是水利风景旅游事业发展面临的重要课题。在阐述水利风景区开发的多元目标基础上,对其科学规划的意义、原则、编制要求及导则等方面进行研究,并明确提出基于水资源保护、自然与景观资源保护、生态环境修复等多元目标的水利风景区规划引导整体框架。     

基于多元目标的水利风景区开发规划引导性研究

新时期,在强调水资源可持续利用的总体战略目标下,水利事业已将水土资源的生态保护、娱乐利用、旅游观光作为发展方向和任务之一,把水利风景区的开发建设纳入了重要工作内容.水利风景区的开发目标具有多元特点,其规划具有很强的综合性和多重复合的跨学科特征,是水利风景旅游事业发展面临的重要课题.在阐述水利风景区开发的多元目标基础上,对其科学规划的意义、原则、编制要求及导则等方面进行研究,并明确提出基于水资源保护、自然与景观资源保护、生态环境修复等多元目标的水利风景区规划引导整体框架.     

关于湖北水库水生态环境建设的探讨

围绕水库水生态环境建设,从遵循客观规律,让河道回归自然;划定三圈蓝线,保护水库水生态安全;加强水利风景区建设,打造水库生态环境靓点等几个方面进行了探讨.并提出了保证大力建设水生态环境的思想、政策、体制和行动上的措施.     

兴化湾大型底栖生物时空分布及环境质量评价

根据2016年兴化湾春季(3月)和秋季(10月)大型底栖生物调查数据,首次在兴化湾海域利用不同底栖生物指数(Shannon-Weaver指数H′、AMBI、M-AMBI)对底栖环境质量进行评价,并分析各指数的时空分布特征。通过三种指数评价结果比较以及分析各指数与沉积物、水质等环境因子间的关系来探究不同底栖生物指数在兴化湾海域的适用性。三种指数的评价结果在春季一致性较高,秋季差异性明显,M-AMBI和H′指数与环境因子特别是对氮、磷的相关性较好。M-AMBI指数的评价等级梯度和稳定性更好,是沉积物有机富集程度低、以敏感种为主、生物数量季节变化明显的兴化湾进行底栖环境质量评价的优选指数,春秋评价结果分别为良好与一般。底栖环境质量的时空分布特征与入湾河流、水产养殖活动和潮动力等因素关系密切。     

高青县结合乡村旅游积极发展休闲渔业

正高青县结合乡村旅游和风情周末,利用周末和五一""十一"期间,不间断举办各类休闲渔业活动,促进渔文化与乡村旅游结合。一是先后举办了五彩农业博览会"、大芦湖水库水源地、千乘湖渔业资源修复等增殖放流活动,放养滤食性鱼类近千万尾,保护了渔业资源,实现"以鱼养水""以水养鱼",既修复了水系生态,又增加了渔业资源。二是     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of diatom–bacteria biofilm isolated from Seriola lalandi cultures for aquaculture application

Controlled incorporation of selected microalgae and bacteria in aquaculture systems can be beneficial because they can act as microbiological control. That is why the characteristics of biofilm generated naturally in Seriola lalandi culture cages were analysed, their potential benefit to the growth of larvae was studied, and their controlled use for improving the larval viability and as a vector to improve incorporation of previously studied probiotic bacteria was tested. According to biodiversity results, these biofilms are composed of a diatom–bacteria mix showing a decrease in biodiversity in laboratory culture conditions being dominated by Navicula phyllepta and bacteria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. This can be produced on mesh substrates incorporated in bioreactors with rapid growth rate and adhesiveness. Preliminary results from the addition of substrates with this specific biofilm in larvae culture systems showed that it is consumed by the larvae without negative effects, while positive effects on the viability of larvae in combination with probiotics were observed. Considering preliminary results, the addition of these specific substrates with diatom–bacteria biofilms could be a good improvement for aquaculture systems and together with the use of probiotics can contribute to maintaining a stable and controlled system improving the viability of the larval fish culture in its early stages.