稀土壳聚糖螯合盐对水产颗粒饲料性能的影响

研究了在饲料中添加稀土壳聚糖螯合盐(RECC)对水产颗粒饲料性能的影响.根据鲫(Carassius auratus)鱼苗的营养需求配制4种类型的RECC试验日粮,即1号饲料(0.00%)、2号饲料(0.08%)、3号饲料(0.16%)和4号饲料(0.24%).测定4种饲料的粉化率和溶失率.结果显示,添加稀土壳聚糖螯合盐后可以降低饲料的粉化率,饲料中添加0.16%的稀土壳聚糖螯合盐效果尤其明显(P＜0.01);在饲料中添加RECC可以显著降低饲料的溶失率(P＜0.05),并可以提高和改善水产颗粒饲料的性能.     

条纹石鮨摄食强度与代谢及能量收支间的关系

设日摄食率为０．４％、１．５％、４．０％三种水平,分别测定条纹石鱼旨Ｍｏｒｏｎｅｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ幼鱼的代谢及能量的收支情况。处于饱食（日摄食率４．０％）及维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）下,该鱼代谢率增加的峰值分别于摄食后３ｈ及７ｈ内出现,为静止时代谢水平的２．１０倍和２．４６倍,ＳＤＡ（特殊动力作用）持续时间均为２１ｈ,ＳＤＡ总耗能量分别占摄入能的１３％和３５．８％。条纹石鱼旨在饱食时的转化效率Ｋ（湿重）为２０．８５％。三种摄食水平下条纹石鱼旨的能量收支方程分别为：饱食状态（日摄食率４．０％）时,１００Ｃ＝８．４Ｆ＋７．８Ｕ＋１３．０ＳＤＡ＋３６．９（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）＋３３．９Ｇ;维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）时,１００Ｃ＝７．８Ｆ＋４．１Ｕ＋３５．８ＳＤＡ＋５２．３（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）,其中Ｇ＝０;减重状态（日摄食率０．４％）时,（Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ）／（Ｃ＋Ｐ１）＝６７．３％,其中Ｃ＋Ｐ１＝１４．４Ｃ＋８５．６Ｐ１,Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ＝１．８Ｆ＋８．１Ｕ＋５７．４Ｒ。     

鲤配合饲料中必需氨基酸的量对其在鱼体中沉积率的影响

采用２×３单因子有重复试验设计网箱养鲤鱼种，Ａ、Ｂ两种配合饲料中粗蛋白含量分别为１８．１７％和３１．５６％，氨基酸含量为１６．３５％和２９．５６％，必需氨酸（ＥＡＡ）含量为７．３９％和１３．０８％时，试验结果表明：鲤鱼对Ａ、Ｂ两组饲料中ＥＡＡ的平均沉积率分别为４９．９５％和３７．７３％。对除赖氨酸、组氨酸外的所有ＥＡＡ的沉积率因饲料中氨基酸量的不同呈显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。饲料中某种ＥＡＡ含量     

渔用颗粒饲料粉化率高的原因及降低措施

颗粒饲料的粉化率是指制粒后的单位颗粒饲料在流动、搬运过程中经过震动、撞击、挤压、摩擦等外力作用后产生的细粉末重量占其单位总重量的百分比。生产中规定渔用颗粒饲料粉化率一般在2％～7％．比如规定鲤鱼鱼种料粉化率应小于2％．成鱼料粉化率应小于3％。颗粒饲料粉化率表示饲料颗粒本身质量的优劣．它对颗粒饲料质量的影响会在投喂前颗粒饲料的粉末含量中体现出来。     

氨基酸螯合盐对罗非鱼促生长作用的研究

本文报道了氨基酸螫合盐与无机盐添加剂在罗非鱼饲养中的对比试验结果，以及在螯合盐中添加稀土对罗非鱼生长的影响，测定了各组试验鱼的耗氧率以及肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和水分的含量，结果表明，添加螯合盐的四个试验组鱼的增重效果均优于添加无机盐的对照组，四个试验组分别比对照组多增重７５．７％、８６．５％、１０８．５％．８９．０％，饵料系数下降率分别为２９．２％．３３．４％，４２．５％，３３．７％。ｔ检验表明，四个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

贝粉在异育银鲫饲料中添加效果的研究

在异育银鲫饲料中分别添加不同比例的贝粉，研究贝粉及其摄仞及生长的影响。结果表明，当贝粉在饲料中的添加量分别为０．３％、０．４％、０．７％时，异育银鲫增重率和蛋白质效率显著提高，饲料系数显著降低。建议贝粉在饲料中的添加量为０．３％￣０．４％。     

中华绒螯蟹成熟卵巢的脂类及脂肪酸组成

中华绒螯蟹成熟卵巢中的脂类以２种形态存在,即脂肪滴（Ｌ）和卵黄体（Ｙ）。脂肪滴为中性脂,卵黄体主要是磷脂。成熟卵巢的总脂含量约占卵巢湿重的１７．７８％,且中性脂（ＮＬ）大于磷脂（ＰＬ）。成熟卵巢的ＮＬ依次主要由甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、胆固醇（ＳＬ）和胆固醇脂（Ｅｓ）组成;ＰＬ主要由卵磷脂（ＰＣ）和脑磷脂（ＰＥ）组成,且ＰＣ含量高于ＰＥ。中华绒螯蟹成熟卵巢的ＮＬ和ＰＬ脂肪酸组成明显不同,ＰＬ短链的饱和与不饱和酸（＜１８个碳）含量显著低于ＮＬ（ｐ＜０．０１）,长链的多不饱和酸（＞１８个碳）含量显著高于ＮＬ（ｐ＜０．０１）,而一烯酸含量在这２种脂类中基本上无大变化。ＰＬ和ＮＬ的主要脂肪酸组成皆为：Ｃ１６∶０、Ｃ１６∶１、Ｃ１８∶１、Ｃ１８∶２、Ｃ２０∶４、Ｃ２０∶５和Ｃ２２∶６。     

颗粒饲料如何添加药物

在鱼用颗粒饲料和对虾颗粒饲料中如何添加药物制成药饵,又使药物的有效成份不溶失在水中,现介绍一个简便易行的方法：1．药物的添加量为1．5％（即10公斤饲料添加150克药）时,先将药物150克与药物粘合剂30克混合均匀后,加到1000mL（l公斤）清水中,边加边搅拌,搅匀后静置1     

蛋白能量比对中华绒螯蟹蛋白酶活力和饲料消化率的影响

于１９９９年６～７月收集中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）粪便，用酸不溶灰分法测定中华绒螯蟹对饲料的消化率，同时测定其胃、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活力。结果表明，蛋白质能量比（Ｐ／Ｅ）２８．９３ｍｇ／ｋＪ水平对中华绒螯蟹胃、肝胰脏蛋白酶活性明显高于Ｐ／Ｅ２７．３０ｍｇ／ＫＪ和３０．３１ｍｇ／ＫＪ水平饲料蛋白南、脂肪、能量和总表观消化率分别为８２．５７％、７７．５９％、８３．９４％和９６．９     

配饵中能量蛋白比与中华绒螫蟹生长之间的关系

在水簇箱中，用体重１９￣２５ｇ的中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）对配饵中蛋白质的能蛋比与蟹生长之间的关系进行了研究，蛋白质设定为３６％、４０％和４４％３个水平，能蛋比设定了４０、４５和５０ｋＪ／ｋｇ３个水平，每个水平各有６个重复。结果表明，配饵中的粗蛋白含量和能量蛋白比与蟹体生长、蛋白增加量和饲料系数存在着显著的相关关系（Ｐ〈０．０５），蟹体的生长，ＳＧＲ和ＰＥＲ随饲料中蛋白质含     

渔用平模制粒机模辊作用对颗粒质量的影响

本文针对平模式制粒机在颗粒压制过程中模辊作用对颗粒质量的影响，进行模辊制粒作用过程的运动学和力学分析，确定了产生质量问题的原因，提出了解决问题的办法。     

饲料中添加甜菜碱在池塘中培育鱼种的试验

在二口池塘中培育鱼种，亩放养量等同，其中鲤鱼种占80．0％，试验池1．5亩，对照池1．4亩，除添加0．3％的甜菜碱外，试验池与对照池饲料配方完全相同。试验为期100天。结果为：试验池、对照池亩产量分别为235．49kg、209．69kg，亩利润分别为548．26元、437．8元，投入产出比别为1：1．31、1：1．26。饲料系数分别为1．92、2．15；饲料经济效率提高6．38％，本试验结果表明：饲料中添加一定量的 甜菜碱可以起到诱食促生长作用，并且从经济效益上讲也是可行的。     

Disaggregation rates of extruded salmon feed pellets: influence of physical and biological variables

The culture of salmonids in the marine environment has led to concern regarding eutrophication of the water column and sediment from uneaten feed. This study used measurement of mass loss and change in carbon and nitrogen content of feed to quantify material lost from waste feed as a function of physical and biological variables. A laboratory flume was used to measure changes in cooked–extruded salmon feed pellets as a function of pellet size (6.5 and 12.0 mm in diameter), residence time in seawater (0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h), and flow speed (0, 9.3 and 22.2 cm s^?1). The influence of sediment on pellet degradation was also determined. Loss of pellet mass increased with water flow velocity. Smaller pellets eroded faster than larger pellets, losing 32% (6.5 mm) and 21% (12.0 mm) of their mass after 120 h in seawater. The presence of sediment during preconditioning increased the percentage mass loss of the small pellets only. The presence of sediment also resulted in a greater percentage loss of carbon, but not nitrogen, relative to non‐sediment samples. These results allow quantitative assessment of the dynamics of feed pellets in the marine environment with respect to prediction of impact from salmon culture.     

颗粒饲料携带细菌与大菱鲆疾病发生的相关性

白便症是工厂化养殖大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus的一种常见和多发病,常造成大规模的死亡.2006年针对大菱鲆所用饲料携带细菌与其疾病发生的关系展开调查.调查发现,山东蓬莱(A)、莱州(B)和威海(C)3家大菱鲆养殖场均不同程度的感染了白便症,损失惨重.为查明病因,从切断病原入手,详细调查了这3家养殖场的病鱼、水源和养殖所用的颗粒饲料,通过细菌分离和形态学比较,发现颗粒饲料携带细菌KL-1与大菱鲆白便症的病原菌BB-1具有一致性,经常规生理生化测试、API-ID32E鉴定和16S rRNA序列分析,发现KL-1与BB-1是同一种细菌,为假交替单胞菌属的一种(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),人工感染试验也证明这2株细菌都是大菱鲆白便症的致病原,感染症状与自然发病特征基本一致,表明颗粒饲料携带细菌是大菱鲆白便症的直接病原.并对菌株KL-1和BB-1进行了药敏试验测试,为该疾病的控制提供参考.     

微粒粘合饲料饲养鲤鱼苗的试验

要用自制的微粒粘合饲料及浮游动物进行了鲤鱼苗的对比饲养试验，经１５天饲养，试验组和对照组鲤鱼苗的平均增重分别为２０．００ｍｇ和１１．４２ｍｇ；生长比速分别为１５．３４和１１．６０；成活率分别为７５．００％和８３．８４％。     

The influence of astaxanthin supplemented dry pellets on spawning of striped jack

SUMMARY: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of astaxanthin supplemented steam-dry pellets on the spawning of striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex . Five months before spawning, 7-year-old fish were divided into three groups, each consisting of five females and five males. The control group was fed a raw fish mix (RF) and the test diets consisted of steam-dry pellets (DP) and steam-dry pellets supplemented with 10 p.p.m. astaxanthin (a-DP). Feeding was carried out once per day, three times a week in floating net cages. The RF and the a-DP groups produced more than three times the amount of eggs produced by the DP group. The buoyancy, fertilization, and hatching rates were higher and similar for the RF and the DP groups. Total lipid contents of the diets, eggs, and larvae were similar among the groups. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and polar and non-polar lipids in eggs and larvae were also related to their dietary availability. These results indicate that astaxanthin, due to its various physiological functions, improved the condition of the broodstock and enhanced total egg production but not egg quality as striped jack do not incorporate carotenoids into their eggs. Therefore we confirm that the nutritional quality of diets given to striped jack prior to spawning plays a fundamental role in egg production, quality and egg composition.     

人工诱导池养3+龄鲥鱼性腺发育的初步试验与探讨

通过模似鲥鱼性腺发育的自然生态条件和埋植 LHRH-A 和 Testosterone 缓释放颗粒激素,诱导池养3~+龄鲥鱼性腺发育季至第1期,成熟系数达0.9%。试验摸索出麻醉操作鲥鱼不死的有效方法。对今后鲥鱼全人工繁殖的前景及有关问题进行了探讨.     

Agar‐based pellets as feed for sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus): rheological behaviour,digestive enzymes and gonad growth

The algal polysaccharide agar has long been used as a food binder due to its structure, rheological behaviour, stability and interactions – properties that help to generate firm, round, disk‐shaped pellets that may be used in recirculating sea urchin‐rearing systems. Three algae‐based diets (Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria gracilis, Cystoseira sp.) containing 3% and 6% agar were tested on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to examine the effect of varying percentages of agar on pellet stability in water and sea urchin gonad growth. The kinetics of water absorption and solute leaching of pellets were measured by immersing quadruplicate samples of the pellets in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days. Our results show that the pellets had good water stability, were readily consumed by sea urchins and the presence of agar did not hamper sea urchin gonad growth. Animals fed Ulva‐containing pellets reached a more advanced gametogenic stage with respect to animals fed Cystoseira‐ and Gracilaria‐containing pellets. Moreover, the presence of agarase activity in the digestive system indicated that agar may be an energy source. Pellets are relatively low cost and easy to prepare and store. They may represent a useful resource for rearing sea urchins under intensive conditions.     

鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料的初步试验

本次试验得到的鳗鱼浮性颗粒,其较适配制条件为:(1)用膨化机制造鳗鱼浮性颗粒饲料;(2)利用小麦或玉米淀粉在一定条件下的膨化特性作粘结剂;(3)淀粉含量为26.5～46%;(4)含水量为25.5～29%;(5)加工温度为126～140℃;(6)脂肪含量4.3%。