玻璃管动物标签标志曼氏无针乌贼幼体的效果初探

近年来,随着苗种繁育技术的突破,曼氏无针乌贼大规模增殖放流工作已在中国沿海迅速展开,但至今中国尚不能对增殖放流活动的实际效果进行准确评估,建立适于曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)的增殖放流标志方法是准确评估增殖放流效果的重要前提。本研究采用玻璃管动物标签法对曼氏无针乌贼幼体进行了标志,并对该标志的有效性、保持率及其对乌贼行为、生长及存活率的影响进行了评估。结果表明:将玻璃管动物标签植入内壳包膜后,可在乌贼幼体(胴长2.63～2.88 cm)背部标签所在位置形成明显的隆起,可直接通过肉眼或标签阅读器进行准确快速识别;室内养殖条件下,50 d后乌贼标志的保存率达100%;标志后乌贼行为活动正常,并仍保持较快的生长速度,50 d内即达到成体规格并达性成熟,其瞬时生长率达5.93%/d;标志乌贼的全长、胴长、胴宽、体重、壳长、壳宽和壳重等生长参数上均与对照组无显著差别(P0.05);标志乌贼实验期内的累计存活率达78.85%,与对照组相比无显著差别(P0.05)。研究认为,玻璃管动物标签是一种易识别、低损伤、保持率高的理想增殖标志,可有效运用于曼氏无针乌贼的大规模标志放流及增殖效果评估过程。本研究可为曼氏无针乌贼及其他头足类水产动物种质资源保护提供方法支持。     

金乌贼荧光标志方法的研究

建立一种简单实用的标志方法,对更好地评价金乌贼增殖放流效果和渔业资源现状非常重要.以金乌贼为实验对象,利用荧光物质茜素络合指示剂(Alizarin Complexone,ALC)浸泡金乌贼幼体,对其内壳进行标志,所用荧光染色剂浓度为(6.0～8.0)×10-3%,浸孢染色时间24 h.将标志组和对照组的金乌贼幼体分别暂养于1.5 m×1.5 m×1.5 m水泥池30 d,后将暂养的幼体放养于面积为2 667 m2的室外土池,并在60 d后,将平均胴背长达91.4mm(对照组)、87.6 mm(标志组)金乌贼幼体移入室内水泥池越冬,整个实验历时210 d.实验期间,分别在标志后15、30、45、60、90、210 d对金乌贼进行随机取样,解剖出内壳观察标志色保留状况并对金乌贼生长发育及存活率进行测量.结果显示,标志金乌贼的成活率为100%;方差分析显示,标志组和对照组金乌贼的生长发育差异不显著(P0.05);210 d后内壳骨针部仍清晰保留初染时的半椭圆形淡紫色圆圈;实验所采用的ALC内壳标志方法操作容易,可一次性大量进行标志处理,鉴别简单,无需借助其它仪器,肉眼便可直接观察到标志色,并且标志色保持率高,保留时间长,是一种理想的标志金乌贼的方法.     

光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响

设置了3个光照强度梯度和红、白、橙、绿、蓝5个光照颜色,研究光照对曼氏无针乌贼行为习性的影响。试验结果表明:曼氏无针乌贼对光色和光强都有反应,而且表现出正趋性;对于同一光强下的红、白、橙、绿4种光照颜色来说,曼氏无针乌贼较喜欢红光和绿光。     

山东日照首次大规模放流曼氏无针乌贼苗种

2012年7月,在山东日照市纪委第四监察组的监督指导下,日照市海洋与渔业局组织市水产研究所在万平口海域投放平均胴长12~25mm的曼氏无针乌贼苗10万余只,这是日照市首次在全省大规模增殖放流曼氏无针乌贼苗。曼氏无针乌贼,在日照俗称茄乌子、麻乌子,生命周期短(一年生),生长迅速,食性广,肉质鲜美,蛋白质含量高,是一种具有较高经济价值的优良品种,历来是近海沿岸捕捞重点对象,其生殖腺和金乌贼的相似,也是加工乌鱼蛋的重要原材料。20世     

曼氏无针乌贼水泥池养殖技术

曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni de Rochebrune)俗称墨鱼,属软体动物门、头足纲、十腕目、乌贼超科、乌贼科、无针乌贼属。2004年宁波大学突破曼氏无针乌贼人工育苗技术后,又获得了曼氏无针乌贼的海水围塘养殖、水泥池养殖及网箱养殖成功,本文就水泥池养殖技术作一介绍。     

曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)生物学研究现状及展望

曼氏无针乌贼作为我国主要的海产捕捞对象,由于长期以来过度捕捞、自然产卵场破坏等原因,资源量急剧下降。近年来在广大科研工作者不懈的努力下,曼氏无针乌贼的生物学研究和人工养殖都取得了可喜的成绩,人工放流取得显著的效果,资源量有显著回升。本文简单介绍近年来曼氏无针乌贼研究领域内取得的一些成绩,并且提出了展望。     

东方新糠虾土池规模化培养技术探讨及其应用

<正>东方新糠虾营养价值很高,是多种水产经济动物(大黄鱼、石斑鱼、大菱鲆、牙鲆、东方鲀、真鲷、海马、河蟹大眼幼体、曼氏无针乌贼等)的优质活饵料。自2013年6月份浙江省海洋水产研究所试验场开始大规模繁育曼氏无针乌贼苗种,现已成为浙江省最大的曼氏无针乌贼苗种繁育基地及增殖放流基地。目前针对曼氏无针乌贼幼体的人工配合饲料尚未开发,因此曼氏无针乌贼幼体在摄食短期的丰年虫无节幼体和桡足类后需大     

曼氏无针乌贼繁养殖现状

正曼氏无针乌贼俗称墨鱼,隶属于软体动物门、头足纲、十腕目、乌贼科、无针乌贼属。有关曼氏无针乌贼的研究虽已有大量报道,但有关其基本生物学特性及繁养殖现状的报道较少。因此,笔者通过调查、查阅相关文献及结合自身对繁养殖工作的总结,对曼氏无针乌贼繁养殖现状及产业发展趋势进行了综述,为进一步优化繁养殖技术及加快产业发展提供参考,以期逐渐修复和振兴我国的曼氏无针乌贼资源。一、繁养殖现状为了拯救绝迹的曼氏无针乌贼,21世纪初,     

宁海放流10万余只曼氏无针乌贼

日前，宁波大学与宁海县得水水产养殖有限公司合作并暂养在得水水产养殖有限公司的10万余只曼氏无针乌贼在宁海县的岳井洋与三门湾湾口交界进行放流。此次放流的小乌贼规格大、质量好，平均胴长达2．13cm。     

海捕野生曼氏无针乌贼繁育技术

正20世纪70年代末,由于过度捕捞和生态环境恶化,乌贼资源遭到了极大破坏,自20世纪90年代,曼氏无针乌贼产量急剧下降,濒临灭绝。为此,国内外,最早日本等国家开展了曼氏无针乌贼的人工繁殖研究,我国浙江省也于20世纪80年代开始了此方面研究,2005年前后突破了曼氏无针乌贼人工育苗和养成技术,随着曼氏无针乌贼养殖业的发展,出现了性早熟、白化卵和孵化率     

Tetracycline Immersion Tagging of Cuttlefish,Sepiella japonica,Larvae

This paper describes the results of tetracycline immersion as a means to tag Sepiella japonica larvae, as well as the toxicity of this approach. The purpose of this study was to differentiate wild and artificially bred cuttlefish using tetracycline marking. We studied the effects of tetracycline immersion and marking on cuttlefish larvae with mantle length of 0.45–0.8 cm. To use the optimum concentration of tetracycline for tagging, the toxicity of tetracycline immersion was determined prior to the tagging experiments. All the cuttlebones were successfully marked in yellow and the tag was clearly visible without any assistive tools after the beginning of the experiment. A positive correlation was found between immersion time and depth of tag color. We conclude that tetracycline immersion marking is an effective mass‐tagging method for S. japonica.     

金乌贼的早期生长发育特征

收集金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)受精卵, 对孵化后1~56日龄金乌贼幼体的胴背长、胴宽、体质量、骨板壳长、壳宽及骨板层数进行了测量, 分析了金乌贼幼体早期发育特征和功能器官的异速生长特征。结果表明, 金乌贼幼体早期发育过程中, 胴背长、体质量和骨板层数分别与日龄呈指数关系, 但由于器官发育的逐步完善和饵料生物种类的转变, 早期发育过程可分为两个不同阶段。两个发育阶段骨板层数的增长率均显著小于1(P<0.05), 因此骨板层数不能成为判定其日龄的指标。胴体和骨板的生长均出现异速生长的特点, 表明金乌贼有关运动的重要器官具有优先发育的特征。研究结果验证了在头足类早期发育过程中功能器官亦存在异速生长的假设, 并为金乌贼种苗的人工培育提供了参考依据。

     

Raw frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as an alternative feed source for cuttlefish Sepiella japonica in artificial breeding systems

The study aims to evaluate the feasibility of completely replacing raw frozen shrimp Palaemon gravieri diets with raw frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the diets of cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. To address the knowledge gap, we conducted a 60‐day feeding trial. At the end of the experiment (day 60), the cuttlefish Sepiella japonica eating Palaemon gravieri (SJP) grew significantly faster than those eating Euphausia superba (SJE), with the specific growth rate (SGR)_SJP (7.92%) > (SGR)_SJE (7.09%). Approximately 33.3% and 20.0% mortality was observed in the SJE and SJP, during the course of the experiment respectively. Some important fatty acids (i.e. n‐3 and n‐6 PUFAs) were elevated in SJE with respect to SJP. Replacement of Antarctic krill increased the diversity of the gut microbiome composition in the SJE group. Fluoride accumulated in the ink sac and cuttlebone of cuttlefish in SJE. Overall, these findings imply that PUFA‐rich Antarctic krill could replace P. gravieri shrimp for feeding cuttlefish S. japonica.     

The survival of discarded Sepia officinalis in the English Channel

Cuttlefish are currently the highest yielding cephalopod group harvested in the north‐east Atlantic. English Channel cuttlefish show seasonal migrations to and from deep offshore wintering grounds, which results in a large number of smaller cuttlefish within the offshore stocks, some of which are caught by trawlers. Discarding small cuttlefish from trawls may give them the opportunity to migrate inshore and spawn, but only if they survive. This study examined survival rates of small (<15‐cm dorsal mantle length) cuttlefish caught on board a commercial beam trawler. Overall, 31% of the small cuttlefish caught remained alive by the time they reached the sorting table (immediate survival rate). This survival rate dropped to 16% after specimens were subsequently held in an on‐board aquarium system for up to 72 h (short‐term survival rate). Measures that reduce the capture of small cuttlefish in the first place and/or increase their survival could potentially benefit the stocks.     

金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)早期发育阶段内壳形态学指标的主成分分析

为揭示金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)早期发育阶段内壳生长发育规律和形态学特征,本研究采集其红珠与黑珠期、心跳期、出膜期、初孵化幼体、5日龄、10日龄6个时期的金乌贼,分别测量其胴腹长(DML)、胴宽(MB)、体重(BW)、壳长(CL)、壳宽(CB),壳重(CW)、生长纹数(LN)7项指标,进行内壳形态学的主成分分析.结果显示,红珠与黑珠期、出膜期和10日龄时期各生长指标间均呈显著性正相关,心跳期、初孵化幼体期和5日龄时期部分生长指标间相关性不显著.主成分分析显示,红珠与黑珠期、心跳期的第1主成分为质量因子(体重和壳重),出膜期、初孵化幼体、5日龄、10日龄等4个时期的第1主成分为长度因子(胴腹长和壳长),这表明金乌贼不同时期内壳形态学各性状的生长速率存在一定差异,出膜前(红珠与黑珠期和心跳期)质量因子的增长优于长度因子的增长,而出膜后(出膜期至10日龄时期)长度因子的增长优于质量因子的增长.     

Effect of Artificial Diets on Growth,Survival and Condition of Adult Cuttlefish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sepia officinalis</Emphasis> Linnaeus, 1758

The effects of artificial diets on growth and body condition of adult cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis were tested in two experiments. Supplemented prepared diets (fish myofibrillar protein concentrate) were fed during a 30-day and a 21-day experiments. Growth, feeding rate and food conversion of group-reared cuttlefish were analyzed. The first of these experiments tested four artificial diets, made with increasing levels of lysine, on adult cuttlefish. According to the chemical analysis, diets 1–3 had limiting concentrations of lysine and other essential amino acids (compared to mantle composition of the cuttlefish), while diet 4 was the only one where almost all essential amino acids were present in concentrations similar or higher than the ones present in cuttlefish mantle. A second experiment was conducted by isolating 16 adult cuttlefish individually, and feeding them the same four artificial diets, in order to obtain individual data. During Experiment 1, only the diet with the best chemical score (diet 4) produced growth (p < 0.05), with a mean instantaneous growth rate (MIGR) of 0.30% wet body weight (BW) d⁻¹. Similarly, individually reared cuttlefish fed diet 4 produced the highest IGR’s (0.26, 0.38 and 0.48% BW d⁻¹) and grew larger (p < 0.01). Comparison of cuttlefish fed the artificial diets vs. thawed shrimp and unfed cuttlefish indicated that cuttlefish fed the artificial diets were in an intermediate state. Growth rates obtained with the artificial diets (<0.4% BW d⁻¹) were considerably lower compared to natural prey, live or frozen, reported by other authors.     

The use of alternative diets to culture juvenile cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis: effects on growth and lipid composition

The effects of feeding three natural frozen diets, grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sp.), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and fish (Sardina pilchardus) and two semi‐humid artificial diets (based on fish or shrimp powder) to the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, were analysed. Growth rate and feeding rate [FR; % body weight (BW) day^?1] and food conversions (FC, %) were determined. Cuttlefish fed shrimp grew larger (3.8% BW day^?1) and had the highest FC, followed by those fed crayfish, and sardine. The highest FR was obtained for cuttlefish fed crayfish (10.5% BW day^?1). Although both artificial diets were accepted, none produced growth. Digestive gland‐to‐body weight ratio (DG/BW ratio) was calculated for animals fed each diet. A positive correlation (r = 0.94) between cuttlefish ingestion FR and DG weight was obtained. Mortality occurred mainly during the last week, and some cannibalism occurred among cuttlefish fed artificial diets. Finally, lipid composition of diets, DG and mantle of each group were analysed. Sardine diet was characterized by high levels of triacylglycerol (TG), whereas the main difference between shrimp and crayfish was the higher n‐3/n‐6 ratio found in shrimp. Changes in the lipid composition of DG were related to diet, but did not correlate with growth data. A strong loss of TG in the DG of artificial diets groups was notable. No differences in mantle lipid composition among the natural diets were found, but artificial diet groups showed higher contents of neutral lipids in their mantle respect to natural diets. According to results obtained, crayfish (P. clarkii) could be used as an alternative prey for rearing S. officinalis compared with shrimp. Artificial diets showed the worst effects in growth and mortality as well as the stronger influence on DG and mantle lipid composition of cuttlefish.     

大亚湾黑鲷标志放流及回捕率调查

为评价大亚湾海域黑鲷(Acanthopagrusschlegelii)增殖放流效果,使用塑料椭圆标志牌(plasticovaltags,POTs),开展了黑鲷幼鱼标志保持率与生长实验。结果显示,背鳍鳍棘基部第4～6鳍棘下方5mm左右的背部肌肉为最适标志位置, 90 d后标志保持率为81.76%。POTs标志黑鲷幼鱼45 d内生长与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),而90 d后标志组生长显著缓于对照组(P0.05)。并于2014—2016年每年1次在大亚湾开展黑鲷幼鱼标志放流试验。采用有奖回收方式进行标志鱼回捕,测量体长、体重,收集回捕日期、回捕地点、回捕方式等信息,整理分析相关数据。3年共放流标志黑鲷幼鱼60115尾,共2758尾回捕标志鱼被定置网、流刺网及垂钓捕获(总回捕率4.59%);大规格放流苗种回捕率高于小规格放流苗种;垂钓回捕鱼数量占总回捕数量的比例为62.08%。通过对反馈信息的分析,认为放流后的标志鱼最初主要沿湾内和湾外两个方向呈近岸辐射状扩散,最远扩散距离约70 km。放流后1～2个月标志黑鲷生长较慢,随后相对加快,放流5～7个月后,黑鲷幼鱼体长、体重分别增长59.51%～127.20%和322.75%～989.83%。结论认为,POT是黑鲷幼鱼体外标志的适宜选择;在研究海域,放流后的标志黑鲷更易于被垂钓方式捕获;丰富的食物和可供躲避敌害的空间是影响其扩散、生长的因素。     

First multi-generation culture of the tropical cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831

Sepiapharaonis, the pharaoh cuttlefish was cultured through multiplegenerations in the laboratory (5 consecutive generations) using closed,recirculating water filtration systems. The eggs of the original parentalgeneration (G_P) were spawned by a wild caught Gulf of Thailandfemale in alocal fisheries laboratory, then packed and shipped air cargo to Texas wherehatching occurred. The culture temperature ranged 25°–28°C, except for one generation that was chilled intentionallyto21 °C and then warmed to 25 °C after 9.6months. Spawning occurred as early as day 161. Spawning output was high in allgenerations except the group that was cultured at 21 °C. Eggfertility was low in captivity (< 20%), but hatchling survival was high(>70%). The average egg incubation time was 13.6 d at 25–28°C. The largest spawn resulted in 600 viable hatchlings andthesmallest resulted in 11 hatchlings. The cuttlefish ate a wide variety ofestuarine crustaceans and fishes as well as frozen shrimp. There were noapparent disease problems since survival from hatching to maturity was over70%.The average life span for cuttlefish cultured at 25–28°Cwas 8.9 months and 12.3 months at 21 °C. Size at hatching wasmeasured for fourth generation (G₄) hatchlings; the mean weight athatching was 0.103 g and the mean mantle length was 6.4mm. The largest cuttlefish cultured was a male 300 mmML and 3,045 g; the oldest cuttlefish lived 340 d.This cuttlefish species presents an excellent choice for commercial mariculturebecause of its rapid growth, short life span, tolerance to crowding andhandling, resistance to disease and feeding habits.     

First multi-generation culture of the tropical cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis Ehrenberg, 1831

Sepiapharaonis, the pharaoh cuttlefish was cultured through multiplegenerations in the laboratory (5 consecutive generations) using closed,recirculating water filtration systems. The eggs of the original parentalgeneration (G_P) were spawned by a wild caught Gulf of Thailandfemale in alocal fisheries laboratory, then packed and shipped air cargo to Texas wherehatching occurred. The culture temperature ranged 25°–28°C, except for one generation that was chilled intentionallyto21 °C and then warmed to 25 °C after 9.6months. Spawning occurred as early as day 161. Spawning output was high in allgenerations except the group that was cultured at 21 °C. Eggfertility was low in captivity (< 20%), but hatchling survival was high(>70%). The average egg incubation time was 13.6 d at 25–28°C. The largest spawn resulted in 600 viable hatchlings andthesmallest resulted in 11 hatchlings. The cuttlefish ate a wide variety ofestuarine crustaceans and fishes as well as frozen shrimp. There were noapparent disease problems since survival from hatching to maturity was over70%.The average life span for cuttlefish cultured at 25–28°Cwas 8.9 months and 12.3 months at 21 °C. Size at hatching wasmeasured for fourth generation (G₄) hatchlings; the mean weight athatching was 0.103 g and the mean mantle length was 6.4mm. The largest cuttlefish cultured was a male 300 mmML and 3,045 g; the oldest cuttlefish lived 340 d.This cuttlefish species presents an excellent choice for commercial mariculturebecause of its rapid growth, short life span, tolerance to crowding andhandling, resistance to disease and feeding habits.