云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性研究

为阐明养殖新品种云龙石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara♀×E.lanceolatus♂)摄食胃排空特征和消化酶活性变化规律,本研究检测了体重为(680.35±39.84)g云龙石斑鱼摄食后胃内容物百分比,比较了线性模型、平方根模型和立方模型对胃排空曲线的拟合程度,分析了云龙石斑鱼摄食后血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量和肝脏消化酶活性变化,并对胃排空率与消化酶进行了相关性分析。结果发现,云龙石斑鱼摄食后,胃排空率呈典型的先慢后快再慢的消化类型。3种模型均能拟合云龙石斑鱼的胃排空数据,其中,立方模型拟合效果最佳。由立方模型可知,云龙石斑鱼胃80%排空(食欲基本恢复)时间为9.5 h,100%排空(食欲完全恢复)约为14.8 h。血清中葡萄糖、皮质醇含量及肝脏中消化酶(淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶)活性在摄食胃排空过程中均呈先升高后降低的趋势。摄食后,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性逐渐升高,0~3 h上升速率较慢,3~6 h内呈急剧上升的变化趋势,且在摄食后6 h,血清中皮质醇、葡萄糖含量和肝脏内消化酶活性达到最高(P<0.05),之后呈显著下降趋势,云龙石斑鱼瞬时排空速率与消化酶活性呈正相关(P<0.05)。综上,基于云龙石斑鱼胃排空特征和摄食消化特性,结合生产实践,在食欲基本恢复后开始投喂,投喂间隔为10 h左右,每日投喂2次,效果最佳。     

食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化

选择规格一致、健康无病、初始体质量(43.42±0.75)g的矛尾复鳙虎鱼240尾,随机分到20个水族箱内,每箱12尾.饱食量投喂鲜杂鱼.然后不同时间取样,测定胃、前肠、中肠、后肠内容物的质量及其粗蛋白、脂肪和水分含量,探讨食糜在矛尾复鰕虎鱼消化道排空速度及其营养含量的变化.试验结果表明,矛尾复鰕虎鱼在刚摄食后胃内容物达到最大值,并随着时间的延长减少,至22 h排空为0.线性回归模型能较好地用来模拟食糜在胃中的变化;食糜在前肠、中肠和后肠出现的时间分别为摄食后1、3 h和4 h.达到最大值的时间分别为摄食后12、9 h和10 h.试验结束时(投喂后26 h)前肠、中肠和后肠仍有剩余食糜.食糜中粗蛋白和脂肪含量在胃、前肠、中肠、后肠逐渐降低,但胃中粗脂肪含量高于食糜中的含量,而粗蛋白含量低于食糜中含量.     

在江西省利用80:20池塘养殖技术和豆粕型饲料养殖斑点叉尾(鮰)鱼种试验

在中国江西省吉安市进行了斑点叉尾(鱼回)的示范养殖试验,旨在示范利用美国大豆协会的80：20池塘养殖模式和豆粕型鱼苗和鱼种饲料养殖斑点叉尾(鱼回)鱼种的生产情况。试验在3口2亩大小的池塘内进行,放养密度为斑点叉尾(鱼回)鱼苗8000尾／亩(即120000尾／公顷),并搭配放养白鲢鱼苗1000尾／亩(或15000尾／公顷)。经109天饲养,斑点叉尾(鱼回)苗从平均1克／尾长至39克／尾。养殖的平均毛产量为斑点叉尾(鱼回)269千克／亩(4038千克／公顷)和白鲢50千克／亩(750千克／公顷)。斑点叉尾(鱼回)和鲢鱼的平均成活率分别为86．8％和6．4％。投喂豆粕型鱼苗和鱼种饲料,斑点叉尾(鱼回)的平均饲料转化率为0．96：1。养殖的平均净收入为人民币1646元／亩,平均经济回报率为62．3％。利用美国大豆协会的豆粕型饲料和80：20池塘养殖技术,斑点叉尾(鱼回)展示了良好的生长、摄食和饲料转化效率。     

黄条鰤幼鱼胃排空特征、消化酶活性及摄食调控基因表达

为阐明黄条鰤幼鱼摄食消化特性，构建最佳胃排空数学模型，确立最适摄食投喂间隔，实验检测了黄条鰤幼鱼[(63.96±5.63) g]胃排空过程中内容物质量、肝脏和肠道中消化酶活性变化，分析了垂体中摄食调控相关基因的表达，比较了线性模型、平方根模型、立方模型3种数学模型对胃排空曲线的拟合程度。结果显示，黄条鰤在摄食后瞬时胃内容物湿重呈阶段性降低，18 h后降为0，属于直线下降型胃排空类型。胃排空过程中，肝脏淀粉酶、脂肪酶和糜蛋白酶活性呈先上升后下降、随后又上升接着下降的“M”型变化趋势，淀粉酶活性在摄食后0～6 h显著上升，脂肪酶和糜蛋白酶活性在0～9 h显著上升。三种酶活性在9～12 h均呈显著下降趋势，在15～18 h显著上升，且在18 h活性达到最高；肠道中的淀粉酶在0～6 h显著上升，随后下降，9～12 h呈上升趋势，12 h活性达到最高，随后逐渐下降，其脂肪酶和糜蛋白酶活性则是在摄食后0～12 h显著上升，12 h活性达到最高，随后逐渐下降。神经肽Y (npy)和食欲素(ore) mRNA表达水平呈先上升后下降趋势，npy在摄食后12～15 h内表达水平显著上升，ore在9～15 ...     

斑点叉尾TLR5和TLR5S基因在不同病原诱导下的表达特征

分别用迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila、链球菌Streptococcus iniae和斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus,CCRV)对斑点叉尾(鱼回)Ictalurus punctatus进行感染实验,取感染后0h、12h、24h、48h、72h和7d的头肾、肠、肝脏和脾脏,采用实时定量PCR方法检测了TLR5和TLR5S基因在这4种免疫相关组织中的时空表达特征,探讨它们与斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应的关系.结果表明,链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌能够引起TLR5和TLR5S强烈的上调表达,其中以感染链球菌12h后TLR5S在头肾中的表达上调量最为显著,与对照组相比提高了132倍(P＜0.01).在感染嗜水气单胞菌后的24h内TLR5和TLR5S基因的表达量上升,但随后却显示出了明显的下调趋势,而斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒在TLR5和TLR5S基因表达中起到了明显的抑制作用,于大部分组织中表达下调.在感染12h的脾脏中,TLR5基因的表达量仅为对照组的0.017倍(P＜0.01),而TLR5S基因表达量达到最低,仅为对照组的0.01倍(P＜0.01).从不同的组织来看,TLR5在肠中的表达上调幅度最大,而TLR5S在头肾中的表达增幅最明显,如感染链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌12h后,TLR5在肠中的表达量分别增加了50.4倍(P＜0.01)和14.8倍(P＜0.01),TLR5S在头肾中的表达量分别上升了52.8倍(P＜0.01)和132倍(P＜0.01).以上结果进一步证明了TLR5和TLR5S基因在斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,同时在抗病原侵袭过程中表现出了一定的组织特异性和病原特异性.     

无公害斑点叉尾(鱼回)养殖技术及病害防治

斑点叉尾(鱼回),原产于美洲,义称沟鲶、美洲鲶、河鲶.该鱼由于具有生长快、适温范围广、抗病力强.斑点叉尾(鱼回)有三大优点:肉质细嫩、味鲜美、富含蛋白质和不饱和脂肪酸;摄食颗粒饲料,饲料系数低(1.3～2.0),适于集约化和规模化养殖;无肌问刺、适于机械加工、宜作快餐原料.斑点叉尾(鱼回)可池塘单养、混养、以及网箱等方式的养殖.随着出口加工(鱼回)鱼的项日实施,对生产环节无公害要求更加严格,现将无公害斑点叉尾(鱼回)养殖技术简介如下.     

在江西利用80:20池塘养殖技术和豆粕型饲料养殖斑点叉尾鮰的试验

为了示范斑点叉尾(鱼回)从鱼种至成鱼阶段生长性能,本试验在江西省吉安市通过利用美国大豆协会的80:20池塘养殖模式和豆粕型成鱼饲料进行了养殖试验。试验在3口2.0亩的鱼池中进行,每亩放养斑点叉尾(鱼回)600尾和白鲢100尾。经187天饲养,斑点叉尾(鱼回)从52克/尾长至平均710克/尾。斑点叉尾(鱼回)和白鲢的平均毛产量分别为415千克/亩和72千克/亩,它们的平均成活率分别为97.6%和100%。斑点叉尾(鱼回)对该豆粕型全植物性蛋白饲料的平均饲料系数为1.31:1。养殖试验的平均净利润为人民币1154元/亩,平均投资回报率为41.2%。利用美国大豆协会的80:20池塘养殖技术和豆粕型饲料进行的本试验,展现了斑点叉尾(鱼回)生长快、主动摄食和饲料系数低等特点。     

斑点叉尾鮰呼肠孤病毒CCRV诱导CCK细胞凋亡的研究

为研究斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(CCRV)诱导斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏细胞(CCK)发生凋亡的机理,以CCRV感染的CCK细胞为实验材料,采用Hoechst 33258染色、DNA片段化检测、TUNEL反应、亚G1期细胞检测以及线粒体膜电位变化检测等方法进行实验.感染试验结果显示,病毒感染斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏组织细胞后,细胞变圆、皱缩,随后细胞脱落,细胞单层呈网状,感染72 h后出现典型细胞病变效应(CPE);病毒感染48 h后Hoechst 33258染色结果显示,细胞的染色质固缩、核边缘化或破裂,可观察到凋亡小体,细胞凋亡率随时间增加;DNA片段化检测结果显示,病毒感染细胞12 h后细胞基因组DNA出现片段化,随后逐渐增强,72 h达到最高;TUNEL反应结果表明,病毒感染细胞72 h后细胞基因组DNA断裂,有大量游离3’末端自由羟基(-OH)存在.亚G1期细胞检测结果显示,病毒感染48 h后,约53.44％细胞处于亚G1期;利用JC-1检测试剂盒检测病毒感染细胞的线粒体膜电位变化,病毒感染细胞24 h后线粒体膜通透性发生改变,膜电位变化显著.紫外线灭活与热灭活的斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒不能诱导斑点叉尾(鱼回)肾脏细胞发生凋亡,表明细胞凋亡依赖于病毒复制.     

不同水温下强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内的残留消除规律

研究不同水温(18±1)℃和(28±1)℃下,强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内的残留消除规律.以20 mg/kg鱼体重连续口灌斑点叉尾(鱼回)5 d,于停药后第1、3、5、7、9、12、15、24、30、40天分别将斑点叉尾(鱼回)处死后取肌肉(加皮)、肝脏、肾脏3种组织,采用高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定斑点叉尾(鱼回)组织中强力霉素.结果表明,强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内的消除速度与水温有密切关系,不同水温下相同组织,相同水温下不同组织中强力霉素的消除速率不同(P＜0.05).高水温时强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内消除快,表明水温对斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内的药物代谢有明显的影响,强力霉素残留的消除速度随水温降低而减慢;与其他组织相比,强力霉素在肝脏中的消除最慢.因此,若将肝脏作为强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内残留的靶组织计算休药期,在(18±1)℃和(28±1)℃时,按欧盟和中国规定的动物组织中强力霉素在肝脏中最高残留限量300μg/kg计算,从食品安全角度来分析,建议休药期分别为55 d和30 d.若按强力霉素在可食组织肌肉(加皮)中最高残留限量300 μg/kg计算休药期,建议休药期分别为22d和19 d.本研究旨为不同水温条件下制定强力霉素在斑点叉尾(鱼回)体内的残留限量和休药期提供理论依据.     

池塘主养斑点叉尾试验

在一面积为5.4亩的池塘中,主养斑点叉尾(鱼回),亩放养斑点叉尾(鱼回)冬片鱼种730尾,规格18.8克/尾,经270天养殖,取得亩产斑点叉尾(鱼回)成鱼420kg,规格650克/尾,成活率88.5%,亩产值8895元,亩效益4604.8元的结果.     

Ontogeny of the digestive tract in butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) larvae

The ontogeny of the digestive tract was studied histologically in butter catfish Ompok bimaculatus from hatching to 30?days post-hatching (dph). At hatching, the digestive tract of butter catfish consisted of a straight tube with a smooth lumen dorsally attached to the yolk sac. Between 1 and 2 dph, the mouth opened, oral valves were visible and canine-like teeth and taste buds were detected. During this period, intestine was differentiated into the anterior and posterior intestine, and the digestive accessory glands were also developed. Exogenous feeding started at 2?dph, and there was a 2-day mixed endogenous–exogenous feeding period. Most of the yolk sac reserves were consumed between 2 and 3 dph, and by 5?dph, the yolk sac was completely depleted and no longer visible in histological sections. Between 3 and 4 dph, several vacuoles (neutral lipids) were observed in the intestine and also in hepatocytes, indicating a functional absorption of nutrients from food. At 8 dph, differentiation of gastric glands was noticed, and by 9–11?dph, there were abundant gastric tubular glands arranged along numerous longitudinal folds. During the same period, pyloric sphincter appeared as an epithelial fold that separated the stomach from the anterior intestine. From 12 dph to the end of the study at 30?dph, no noticeable histological modifications were observed. The development of gastric glands is considered as the last major events in digestive tract development and their presence designates the end of larval period and the onset of the juvenile period. Hence, it is suggested that, butter catfish larvae have a morphologically complete digestive tract by 12?dph. These findings on the development of the digestive system in butter catfish may lead to a better understanding of the ontogeny and would be useful to improve the larval rearing techniques of this promising catfish species for freshwater aquaculture diversification.     

Effect of feeding on the function and structure of the digestive system in juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen)

Postprandial physiological and morphological responses to feeding were examined in juvenile southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) that had consumed a loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor) meal equivalent to 6?% of the body mass of the catfish. The gastric evacuation rate (GER) peaked at 4?h postfeeding, averaging 0.36?g food weight?h(-1), at which time 14?% of the ingested meal had passed into the intestine. Less than 10?% of the ingested meal remained in the stomach at 24?h postfeeding. Pepsin activity peaked at 8?h postfeeding, reaching a level approximately twofold higher than the prefeeding level. Pancreatic trypsin activity peaked at 16?h postfeeding, reaching a level 4.5-fold higher than the prefeeding level. Peaks in lipase activity in both the proximal and middle intestinal segments occurred at 16?h, reaching 2.8- and 2.4-fold higher levels than the prefeeding level, respectively, while the activity in the distal intestine segment reached a level 2.9-fold higher than the prefeeding level at 24?h postfeeding. With respect to amylase activity, only the middle intestinal segment exhibited a change, first an increase and then a decrease, after feeding. Feeding also triggered an approximately 200?% increase in the metabolic rate and resulted in 44.6?kJ?kg(-1) being expended on specific dynamic action, equivalent to 16.1?% of the meal's energy. In terms of organ size, the wet mass of the liver increased by 11?% at 24?h postfeeding, whereas the wet mass of the pancreas did not change. Except for a decrease in the thickness of the submucosa in the middle intestinal segment, the thickness of the intestinal fold, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa of each intestinal segment did not change significantly with feeding. These results suggest that the continuum of physiological responses observed with respect to metabolic increases, GER, regulation of pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzyme activities and liver wet mass to feeding corresponds to the changes in the demand on the digestive system in S. meridionalis. Moreover, species maintained stable gastrointestinal tract morphology during the short interval of repeated feeding.     

人工养殖条件下岩原鲤幼鱼排空率与摄食量

在室内微流水养殖条件下,以水蚯蚓(Limnodrilus sp.)为饵料,应用现场胃含物法,研究岩原鲤[Procypris rabaudi(Tchang)]幼鱼的排空率和日摄食量。结果表明:岩原鲤幼鱼摄食强度具有明显的昼夜节律,呈现较典型的单峰分布特征,其摄食强度高峰时间在0:30到6:30;在实验水温18.6℃时,用湿重表示胃含物质量,线性、指数和平方根3种常用模型均可较好拟合岩原鲤幼鱼[体质量(3.30±0.94)g]的排空率实验数据(df=18,P<0.001),综合评价结果进一步表明,其中指数模型拟合度最好,所得模型为St=0.139e-0.169t(r2=0.952,P<0.001);同时得到岩原鲤幼鱼的排空率(以湿重计)为0.169 g/(100g.h)。实验得到养殖岩原鲤幼鱼的日摄食量(湿重)为24.91 g/(100g.d);应用Elliott-Persson模型评估得到自然环境中岩原鲤幼鱼日摄食量(以湿重计)Cd=14.309 g/(100g.d)。研究建立的岩原鲤幼鱼空消化道重(EDW)-体长(BL)-体质量(BW)经验关系式为EDW=0.24(BW/BL)1.547-0.139(n=83,r2=0.89)。研究表明,指数模型最适于描述岩原鲤幼鱼胃排空特征,Flliott-Persson模型在野外环境中岩原鲤幼鱼摄食评估上具有较大适用性。这些结果可为岩原鲤幼鱼摄食生态的定量研究及环境容纳量评估提供基础资料。     

摄食对大口黑鲈消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力的影响

试验从摄食方面研究食物对大口黑鲈主要消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶分泌的影响,对摄食后主要消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力进行了研究。结果表明,摄食对蛋白酶活力影响:摄食后1h胃蛋白酶降低,至摄食后4 h升高到平稳水平(P>0.05);幽门盲囊蛋白酶活力摄食后开始降低,而从摄食后4 h开始升高(P<0.05);肠道蛋白酶活力摄食后1 h出现升高,摄食后4 h降到最低,10 h又升高到较大活力。摄食对淀粉酶活力影响:胃淀粉酶活力摄食后开始降低,摄食后4h又升高到最大(P<0.05);肠道淀粉酶活力摄食后开始升高,至摄食后4 h达到稳定(P>0.05);幽门盲囊淀粉酶活力在摄食后开始降低,到摄食后4h升高到较高活力,并保持到摄食后10 h;摄食后1 h肝脏淀粉酶活力便保持在较高水平(P>0.05)。     

Post-prandial protease activity in the digestive tract of African catfish Clarias gariepinus larvae fed decapsulated cysts of Artemia

The alkaline proteolytic activity in the gut of African catfish larvae was studied during short time ranges from 30 min to 4 h after ingestion of decapsulated Artemia cysts. The variation in total protease and trypsin activities during the day was monitored during starvation, after one single meal ingestion, and during continuous feeding. In starved larvae the enzymatic activity was low and did not change in time. No significant endogenous secretion of digestive enzymes was detected. The level of alkaline proteolytic activity found in starved larvae was further considered as the basal level. In larvae fed only one meal during the day, the enzyme activity significantly increased from 3 h post-feeding up to a maximum level found 12 h after feeding. In the larvae receiving a meal every 4 h, the effect of feeding on the proteolytic activity was significantly different from the one in fish fed only once a day. The total protease activity in this dietary treatment changed according to the time of feeding and fluctuated around a constant level, which was intermediate between the maximum and the basal level. No rhythmic cycle of enzyme production in the fish was observed when the proteolytic activity was studied during a cycle of 24 h. When specific trypsin activity was measured, a similar pattern was found as with the total protease. The contribution of digestive enzymes from Artemia to the total digestion of food by the catfish larvae was calculated to be less than 1% of the total amount of the proteolytic activity measured in the larval gut.     

Effects of physical properties of diets on evacuation time of digesta and plasma free amino acid patterns in yellowtail

SUMMARY: The periodical changes of feed digesta contents in the digestive tracts and plasma free amino acid levels of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata (average weight 690 g) were investigated at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 48 h after feeding on three different types of diets. The diets were: (i) extruded pellets prepared using a large-sized twin screw extruder (SDP); (ii) pellets processed using a small-sized twin screw extruder (EP); and (iii) single moist pellets (SMP). Three types of experimental fish meal diets were formulated so as to have an almost similar ingredient composition, and were supplemented with crystalline methionine, lysine, and tryptophan. Digesta contents in the stomach of fish fed the SDP diet during the experimental period were highest, whereas fish fed the SMP diet were lowest, and the stomach digesta evacuation time was different for the different types of diets. This might be caused by the differences in the chemical and physical properties of the diets. The evacuation times of the feed digesta contents of the stomach influence those of the intestine. Three crystalline amino acids added to the diets seemed to be absorbed effectively into blood plasma immediately after feed intake irrespective of the diet types. Periodical changes in the plasma levels of methionine seemed to be linked to the feed digesta contents of the stomach. Therefore, it is suggested that utilization of supplemented methionine might be affected by diet characteristics which, in turn, influence the stomach digesta evacuation times.     

投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼胃排空、生长性能和体组成的影响

通过胃排空试验与养殖试验研究了不同投喂频率对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃排空、生长性能以及体组成的影响.在试验开始时,观测尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的胃内饲料排空情况,胃排空试验结果表明,胃排空率的最佳描述为平方根函数,胃内饲料在饱食投喂后15 h左右完全排空,达到投喂前水平,80％胃排空为9h,也就是投喂后大约9h恢复食欲.360尾试验鱼(初始体质量3.72 g)以不同的投喂频率(1d4次、1d3次、1d2次、2d4次、2d3次、2d2次)分组,每组设立3个平行组,随机养殖于18个网箱中,每箱养殖20尾鱼,按饱食量投饲膨化饲料.养殖期为6周.尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼在投喂频率为1d4次、1d3次和1d2次时特定生长率和饲料效率显著高于投喂频率为2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时(P＜0.05)；投喂频率为1d2次、2d4次、2d3次和2d2次时其摄食量显著低于1d4次和1d3次时(P＜0.05).随着投喂频率降低,鱼体水分含量逐步上升,脂肪和蛋白质含量逐步下降,其中1d4次、1d3次组鱼与2d2次组鱼有显著性差异(P＜0.05).各投喂频率组间的肝体指数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).3.7～48.0 g尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的适宜投喂频率为1d2次,较2d2次、2d3次和2d4次时明显提高了生长速度和饲料效率,较1d3次、1d4次摄食量显著降低.2种试验结果较为一致.     

低盐胁迫对银鲳幼鱼肠道消化酶活力的影响

通过逐级降低水体盐度的方法,将银鲳幼鱼分别在盐度25、20、15和10的条件下饲养至120 h,检测不同盐度下、不同时间点银鲳幼鱼肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶的活力。结果表明,随着盐度的降低和处理时间的延长,脂肪酶的活力总体表现出先升后降的变化趋势(P0.05);淀粉酶的活力呈升高的变化趋势(P0.05);胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶活力的变化趋势不同,胰蛋白酶的活力呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),而胃蛋白酶活力呈下降的变化趋势(P0.05)。说明盐度降低会对银鲳幼鱼肠道的消化酶产生激活作用,从而促进肠道对营养物质的利用,达到补充机体所损失的能量的目的。但对于不同种酶,激活的顺序和程度却不尽相同,甚至当超出一定的耐受范围后,酶活力反而被抑制。在本研究中,随着盐度的下降和处理时间的延长,脂类物质首先被大量消耗,然后是淀粉类物质,而蛋白类物质在整个过程中的利用率较低。因此建议,在雨季来临之前,提高脂类和淀粉类物质的投喂量,将有助于提高幼体对低盐度的耐受性及其成活率。