热塑挤压蒸煮对鱼肉蛋白质营养价值的影响初探

采用胃蛋白酶—胰酶复合处理法对原料鱼肉、蒸煮和罐藏处理的鱼肉产品,以及热塑挤压蒸煮的鱼肉制品进行蛋白质体外消化率的测定,分析比较各种鱼肉制品的蛋白质体外消化率的测试结果;结果表明,挤压蒸煮对鱼肉蛋白质的消化率有一定的影响。     

鱼肉腥味物质的来源及控制方法研究进展

鱼肉本身存在的腥味在很大程度上限制了鱼及其制品的加工和消费,探讨鱼肉腥味物质的产生原因及脱腥技术对鱼制品加工业具有重要意义。文章综述了国内外关于鱼肉及其制品中腥味物质的种类、形成机理及脱除方法的研究进展,旨在为鱼肉的脱腥研究及高价值鱼制品的开发提供参考。     

鱼肉蛋白质热塑挤压组织化中过程参数的优化模型

挤压蒸煮处理可以改变鱼肉蛋白质的功能特性，这些改变与挤压机的操作参数是密不可分的。利用响应面分析方法讲究Clextral BC-45型双轴挤出蒸煮机的操作参数对鱼肉蛋白质进行热塑挤压组织化的影响。研究的3个操作参数分别是末段腔体温度，螺杆转速和喂料湿度，每一个变量设5个水平。测量作为组织化产物功能特性的持水性指数及质构特性，分别建立持水性与操作参数，质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合方程。研究结果表明喂料湿度、螺杆转速和腔体温度对挤出物质构的影响是不同的；持水性与操作参数，质构特性与操作参数的回归拟合力方程的相关系数R^2分别是1.000和0.933，拟合的统计模型可信度高。     

鱼肉热煮过程中质构保持技术研究进展

热加工是一种传统的食品加工技术,热煮是其中的重要方式之一。鱼肉经过热煮处理会产生组织脆弱化、结构松散等问题,对其食用品质造成负面影响,因此提高鱼肉的耐煮性是开发水产系列加工产品的基础。文章总结了近几年关于热煮对鱼肉质构影响的研究进展,深入分析了热煮引起质构变化的作用机制,并结合变化原理分别从改善蛋白质热稳定性、提高肌肉持水性和提高肌肉凝胶特性3个方面阐述保持鱼肉质构的方法,提出将食品加工新技术与传统加工方法相结合以提高鱼肉耐煮性的研究方向,旨在为鱼肉热煮过程中的质构保持技术及食用品质控制提供参考。     

鱼肉火腿营养成份的分析

本文叙述以五种不同原料加工研制的鱼肉火腿，对这些制品进行了全面的营养成份(包括水份、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分以及铜、锌、锰、铁、铬、磷、钙、钾、钠、镁。氨基酸成份)分析。并与鱼香肠、肠肉香肠以及其他动物性食品等制品作营养成份比较，认为鱼肉火腿是一种营养价值较高的优质食品。     

低盐乳酸菌法与传统法腌干鱼制品的风味比较

为了研究不同腌制方法对鱼肉风味的影响,为腌干鱼制品加工新技术的进一步优化和应用提供理论依据,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用法分析,鉴定比较了鲜红牙原料采用低盐乳酸菌法和传统法腌干鱼制品的风味成分变化。结果表明:鲜红牙、低盐乳酸菌法腌干鱼和传统腌干鱼肉中分别检测出80、110、91种挥发性成分,醛、醇、酮类化合物是构成腌干鱼肉独特风味的主要成分。经低盐乳酸菌法腌干的鱼肉挥发性物质对风味贡献较大的醛、醇、酮类化合物总量达35种,而鲜鱼和传统腌干鱼肉中分别只有17和21种。低盐乳酸菌法腌干鱼肉风味物质中含有大量的醇、醛类物质,但不含有胺类物质,在保持传统腌制鱼肉风味的基础上增加了特有的花香味、水果香味及酒香味,提升了鱼肉感官品质。所以采用低盐结合复合乳酸菌法制备腌干鱼,不仅能缩短腌制时间,还能提升腌干鱼肉特有的风味,而且防止了胺类物质的产生,显著提高产品的品质和安全性。     

热塑挤压蒸煮技术在鱼蛋白综合开发方面的应用

低值鱼蛋白的开发利用问题一直受到各国关注,对鱼蛋白的综合利用手段也作过多种尝试,相继有多种形式或用途不同的鱼蛋白制品问世。迄今为止,饲料蛋白制品仍为主要利用形式,同时,由于食用鱼蛋白具有蛋白质利用率高的优点,其技术和产品的研发越来越重要。现代鱼品加工技术中,食用     

印度用鱼蛋白制造蛋白饮料

印度科研人员利用低值海洋鱼类的鱼蛋白成功地研制了没有鱼腥味的蛋白饮料。其加工处理方法为:采取低值鱼肉,将肉放入95～100℃的0.1N NaOH溶液中加热20分钟,再经过滤、脱脂、离子交换以及脱水.即可获得初制品。制品的水份为4％,蛋白质含量达82％。最后将初制品同     

鱼糜制品

<正> 鱼糜制品,顾名思义,是以鱼糜为原料做成的各种水产食品.在我国民间,早已懂得把鱼肉剁碎,再加上各种调料,通过蒸、煮、油汆等方法,加工成各种美味可口的食品.其中福建的鱼圆、鱼面,山东等地的鱼肉饺子,早已久负盛名.从水产品加工的角度出发,这大概也可算得上我国的鱼糜制品了.日本可以称得上是食鱼的民族.当然,日本人民也早已懂得以鱼为原料加工成各种美味可口的食品.据有关资料报道,在16世纪左右,日本已有鱼糜制品加工方法的记载.最初的鱼糜制品,以鲶鱼为原料.将鱼肉做成肉糊,卷在竹杆上炙烤.     

鱼肉蛋白质的冷冻变性及防止办法

一、前言 鱼肉及其加工品(如生鱼糜)经冷冻加工后,其性质一定会发生变化,表现在失去固有的柔软性,保水力下降,鱼糜制品的凝胶形成能严重降低。这些变化的根本原因就是鱼肉中肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性。这种变性将损害鱼肉食品的品质、风味、口感、消化率,降低其营养价值与商品价值,也给工厂生产与加工带来不良影响,必须予以重视。 二、鱼肉蛋白质冷冻变性的机理 相当一段时间以来,人们利用日益丰富的生物化学和低温生物学理论对蛋白质变性机理进行了一系列     

鱼肉蛋白质挤压过程中操作参数对挤出物水分含量及堆积密度的影响

研究了鱼肉蛋白质在双轴挤压蒸煮处理过程中,主要操作参数末段腔体温度,螺杆转速和供料水分含量对挤出物的水分含量和堆积密度两个物理性质的影响。研究的3个操作参数每一个变量设5个水平,测量相应挤出产物的水分含量和堆积密度,分别建立挤出物水分含量与操作参数,挤出物堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程。结果表明,供料湿度明显影响挤出物的水分含量。供料水分含量、腔体温度和螺杆转速对挤出物的堆积密度都有影响;水分含量与操作参数,堆积密度与操作参数的回归拟合方程的相关系数R²分别是1.000和0.926,拟合的统计模型可信度高。     

Utilization of combined extruded soybean and corn gluten meals as feed ingredients for juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss diet

In this study, feeding experiment and subsequent digestibility trial were performed to investigate the utilization of extruded soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) as feed ingredients for juvenile rainbow trout. Plant ingredients have undergone extrusion at low temperature (100°C, LT) or high temperature (150°C, HT) for 30 s. Four isonitrogenous (44%, crude protein) and isolipidic (14%, crude lipid) diets were formulated. Control diet is fishmeal based while a combined (1:1) non‐extruded SBM and CGM for NE diet, LT SBM and LT CGM for LT diet and HT SBM and HT CGM for HT diet. Two hundred forty rainbow trout juveniles (7.8 g average body weight) were randomly divided into 12 rectangular 60 L glass aquaria and offered four different diets in triplicate. Fish were fed at satiation twice a day, six days a week for 12 weeks. Phosphorus in phytic acid level of extruded ingredients decreased through extrusion cooking. Final weight, weight gain, SGR and PER of fish fed HT diet were significantly (p < .05) higher than those fed with NE diet. Apparent digestibility coefficient for protein of LT and HT diets is significantly higher than of NE diet. The results of this study demonstrated that HT extruded SBM and CGM are suitable feed ingredients for rainbow trout diet without compromising fish growth, feed utilization and fish body composition.     

饲用血粉的新生产工艺及采用膨化血粉喂养试验的效果

饲用血粉的生产从采用干燥工艺，发酵工艺，到采用喷雾干燥工艺，都存在产品的可消化率偏低的问题，并涉及诸如生产环境和耗能过大等问题，本校采用专门研制的连续膨化设备对含有一定水分的碎血块进行连续瞬时加工，经进一步粉碎后，制成了新型饲用血粉－膨化血粉，其体外消化率达９７．６％。用含有膨胀化血粉的配合饲料喂养淡水鱼类的平均饲料系数为１．７９。利用膨化血粉和喷雾血粉对ＡＡ肉鸡进行对比喂养试验表明，两组的平均饲     

Effect of extrusion processing on the nutritive value of canola meal for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in seawater

This study was conducted to evaluate three canola protein products as partial replacements of steam-dried whole herring meal (HM) in a practical diet for juvenile chinook salmon in seawater. Groups of 30–40 g chinook salmon held in 9.5–12°C seawater on a natural photoperiod were fed one of seven equivalent protein (390 g kg⁻¹) and isoenergetic (20 MJ gross energy kg⁻¹) diets to satiation. Each of three test protein sources, namely, commercial canola meal (CM), low-temperature extruded CM (90°C; LT), and high-temperature extruded CM (150°C; HT) comprised about 120 and 240 g kg⁻¹ of dietary protein by replacement of 15 and 30%, respectively, of the HM protein in the control diet. Chinook salmon growth and feed intake were markedly depressed by replacing HM protein with a high level of CM, but these responses were not lowered by replacement with LT and HT. The phytic acid content in commercial canola meal was reduced by about 10 and 30% from the original level by extrusion cooking at low (90°C) and high (150°C) temperature, respectively. Therefore, the diets containing HT still had significant amounts of phytic acid. Terminal whole-body zinc contents were inversely related to the dietary levels of the different canola protein products. Thyroid function was altered by CM but this effect was offset by heat treatment. The results suggest that extrusion cooking of CM improves its nutritive value for chinook salmon in seawater. Indeed, it was found that HT could comprise 240 g kg⁻¹ of the dietary protein without adversely affecting performance.     

高品质鱼粉加工装置研究

随着水产养殖业的高速发展,鱼粉作为优质水产饲料的原料在国内有着很大需求。为提高鱼粉生产的效率、提升鱼粉成品的品质,研制了一种高品质鱼粉加工装置。该装置优化了加工工艺和加工设备,精准控制鱼粉加工过程中蒸煮、压榨、干燥环节的工艺参数,通过引入蛋白质检测装置,精准控制蒸煮环节温度,以此降低蛋白质变质现象;采用双级干燥工艺和脂肪检测装置来降低鱼粉的含水量和脂肪含量。成品鱼粉品质的测定试验表明,该装置生产出的鱼粉与传统加工装置生产的鱼粉相比,蛋白质含量提高11%,脂肪含量降低17%。通过饲养试验进一步验证了鱼粉品质的优越性。从渔业可持续发展的角度来看,高品质鱼粉加工装置具有较好的市场前景。     

低值鱼蛋白挤压组织化模拟产品质构特性的研究

运用栅栏技术,合理设置栅栏因子,通过栅栏因子间交互作用,形成有效的防止食品腐败变质的栅栏,研发出感官、品质良好的中间水分组织化模拟食品。采用二次旋转组合试验设计方法进行试验设计,以山梨糖醇、蔗糖和食醋为栅栏因子调节参数,以产品最大剪切力为响应参数,建立3个调节参数与产品最大剪切力的回归拟合方程,同时分析感官评定值咀嚼感与仪器测定值最大剪切力之间相关性。研究结果表明,山梨糖醇、蔗糖和食醋对产品最大剪切力显示出不同影响趋势,拟合方程相关系数r2=0.8504,拟合模型具有较高的可信度;感官评定值咀嚼感与仪器测定值最大剪切力之间存在极显著的线性相关关系,可以用仪器测定值最大剪切力来判断感官评定值咀嚼感。     

Extruder Texturized Foods from Underutilized Fish Tissue

Underutilized fish tissue alone or in combination with cereal grain flours can be processed by high-temperature-short-time (HTST) plasticating extruders to produce shelf-stable, texturized food products with a range of rheological and nutritional properties. This study has provided guidance for: (I) The design of processes for (a) expanded snack foods to be eaten from the hand with protein contents of 10 to 30%, and (b) meat extenders, or substitutes, with protein contents of 50 to 90%; and (II) The evaluation of the effects of independently controlled variables (feed composition and extruder operating parameters) on product characteristics. The primary purpose was to generate information to guide the prediction of extrudate properties from known extrusion system parameters and to determine optimal sets of extrusion conditions for given types of products.     

Effect of extrusion cooking temperature on the microstructure of extruded pellets

ABSTRACT:   The microstructure of extruded pellets (EP) for fish under various extrusion cooking temperatures was studied by using a twin-shaft extruder. As the extrusion cooking temperature increased, the expansion rate increased and the bulk density of EP decreased. The liquefaction of the material started because of the increase in inner material temperature, the decrease in inner material pressure, and the decrease in main motor amperage. Thus, the microstructure of EP changed depending on the extrusion cooking conditions, that is, the extrusion cooking temperature effected greatly the liquefaction of the material. Generally, when the extrusion cooking temperature increased, the expansion rate increased, but a suitable temperature was found for a maximum expansion rate. The microstructure of the EP was caused by the liquefaction of the material and the microstructure effects on the function of EP. For example, the water holding capacity was affected by the inner bubble structure of an EP. These functions affect the character of the feed. EP produced under suitable conditions can have additional functions for feed.