浅淡微生态制剂及其在水产养殖中的应用

一、微生态制剂的概述 1．微生态制剂的种类我国农业部已批准使用的有益微生物菌种有芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪链球菌、酵母菌、噬菌蛭弧菌和脆弱拟杆菌等6大类微生物。目前用作微生态饲料添加剂的微生物主要有：乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌等几大类。     

青贮饲料在渔业生产中的应用

青贮是将可用作饲料的青绿植物切碎,在密闭、厌氧条件下,利用乳酸菌发酵作用调制保存的青绿饲料。它不仅保持了青绿植物的优点,并且还具有自身优势,青贮饲料来源广、营养丰富、加工简单,可随时随地进行生产,若能有效应用于渔业,将大大降低渔业的生产成本。青贮饲料在畜牧业中应用广泛,但在渔业生产中的应用还比较少。因此,研究青贮饲料在渔业生     

浅谈微生态制剂及其在水产养殖中的应用

一、微生态制剂的概述1.微生态制剂的种类我国农业部已批准使用的有益微生物菌种有芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌、粪链球菌、酵母菌、噬菌蛭弧菌和脆弱拟杆菌等6大类微生物。目前用作微生态饲料添加剂的微生物主要有:乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌等几大类。2.微生态制剂的作用机理(1)抑制有害微生物,与有害生物竞争养分和附着部位:微生态制剂在动物消化道内产生有益菌群,与致病菌间就生存和繁殖的空间、时间、定居部位以及营养素等展开竞争,抑制致病菌的生存、繁殖、定居。附着于动物的消化道、呼吸道及皮肤上的有益菌,在代谢过程中产…     

浅谈添加剂在玉米秸秆青贮中的应用

<正>青贮玉米制作所占空间小,而且可长期保存,一年四季可均衡供应,是解决牛、羊、鹿等所需青粗饲料的最有效途径。青贮饲料添加剂,因其效果明显,用量较少,作用很大而被广泛应用于青贮饲料调制中,主要可分为发酵促     

农作物秸秆的青贮技术

<正>1青贮的概念及其好处青贮是利用微生物的发酵作用,长期保存青绿多汁饲料的营养特征,扩大饲料来源的一种简单、可靠而经济使用的方法。青贮的好处:一是青贮能减少养分流失,提高饲草利用率;二是能防止霉变,可以长期保存,常年喂青;三是能改善饲草的适口性,提高消化率;四是青贮饲料占用空间小,且省工省时;五是可以通过青贮有效地利用秸秆资源,减少环境污染。     

大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂微生物发酵灭活研究

采用乳酸菌、枯草芽胞杆菌发酵大豆粉,均能有效消除、灭活大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性。乳酸菌发酵未加乳酸菌培养基的大豆粉,乳酸菌接种量为5%、10%时,胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性灭活优于15%的菌种接种量;枯草芽胞杆菌发酵大豆粉,菌种接种量为5%时,胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性灭活优于菌种接种量为10%、15%。     

青贮饲料、青贮过程及提高青贮品质的技术环节

概述了什么是青贮饲料、饲料青贮过程所经历的几个阶段、在青贮时应该注意的几个重要技术环节,同时介绍现代青贮中常用的几种添加剂。     

鱼类消化道乳酸菌的分布及功能研究进展

乳酸菌是鱼消化道固有菌群的组成部分,能定植于鱼类消化道,拮抗革兰氏阴性致病菌,维持肠道正常的微生态平衡.鱼消化道中比较常见的乳酸菌种类有肉杆菌、乳酸杆菌等.综述了乳酸菌在不同生长阶段鱼消化道的分布、鱼类消化道乳酸菌分布的影响因素和鱼类消化道乳酸菌的功能.     

不同乳酸菌对发酵草鱼品质的影响

为探明不同乳酸菌对发酵草鱼微生物数量和理化性质的影响,进一步提高发酵鱼制品的品质,实验对草鱼背部肌肉经不同乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌和副干酪乳杆菌)发酵后制品的微生物数量、pH、总酸、水分含量、白度、氨基酸态氮、硫代巴比妥酸和挥发性盐基氮等进行分析,探究不同乳酸菌在草鱼发酵过程中(0～15d)对其品质的影响.结果显...     

陇西县袋装玉米青贮饲料制作的问题与对策

2016年,陇西县畜牧兽医技术服务中心以抗旱救灾为契机,在全县范围内大力推广袋装玉米青贮技术,增加了袋装青贮饲料的数量,转变了传统的种植方式和养殖方式,夯实了畜草产业发展的基础,达到减产不减收的目标。但在袋装青贮饲料的制作中,还存在较多的问题。笔者介绍了陇西县今年推广袋装青贮饲料的现状,指出其存在的主要问题,并提出相应的解决对策。     

乳酸菌对牙鲆稚鱼养殖水体和肠道菌群的影响

在牙鲆稚鱼中投喂添加由单一鼠李糖乳杆菌P15制备的微生态制剂和黄霉素,在60d的投喂期内,采用平板计数法检测好氧性异养菌的总数、总弧菌数和乳酸菌的数量。结果表明,在投喂菌液和冻干菌粉后,养殖水体和牙鲆肠道的乳酸菌数均呈上升趋势,在30d后乳酸菌数量达到稳定并在肠道内定植。同时,由于乳酸菌的抑制作用,弧菌的数量下降,以肠道中的弧菌最明显。乳酸菌对养殖水体和牙鲆肠道的好氧性异养菌没任何影响。乳酸菌对养殖水体和肠道菌群的影响与抗生素具有相近的效果,表明乳酸菌作为饲料添加剂可以取代抗生素应用在牙鲆的养殖中。     

Beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a Rana catesbeiana hatchery

This work addresses the selection of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to be used in raniculture. Thus, strains belonging to the genera Pediococcus pentosaceus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from a Rana catesbeiana hatchery were evaluated for their inhibitory properties against RLS-associated pathogens ( Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis ) and food-borne bacteria. Cell-free supernatants of LAB strains inhibited the growth of at least one of the pathogens by organic acids, but L. lactis CRL 1584 also produced a bacteriocin-like metabolite. The ability of LAB strains to produce H₂O₂ in MRS+TMB medium was also studied. Seventy-eight to ninety six per cent of the strains showed some level of H₂O₂ production. Moreover, different organic solvents were used to determine the hydrophobicity and Lewis acid/base characteristic of LAB strain surfaces. Most of the strains presented hydrophilic properties, but no acidic or basic surface characters. However, some strains isolated from the skin showed a high degree of hydrophobicity and basic components in the cell surface due to their adhesion to chloroform. These properties were not observed in LAB from balanced feed and freshwater. Taking into account general guidelines and the beneficial properties studied, five strains were selected as potential candidates to be included in a probiotic for raniculture.     

Lactic acid bacteria effective for regulating the growth of contaminant bacteria during the fermentation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Undaria pinnatifida</Emphasis> (Phaeophyta)

ABSTRACT:   Lactic acid fermentation of seaweed is a recent topic and quite limited information is available on culture conditions. To know the suitable strains for use as a starter culture for seaweed fermentation, 14 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, including 11 species, were tested in culture conditions prepared with or without salt. A commercial product of Undaria pinnatifida powder was used as a substrate for fermentation without sterilizing. Starter-suitability of the LAB strains was assessed from their predominance after culture. Among the tested strains, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed high (>90%) predominance in their cultures, while control cultures prepared without inoculation of LAB did not show any detectable growth of acid producing bacteria and spoiled. A total of 102 strains not showing acid producing activity were isolated and characterized from spoiled cultures, and all the isolates were observed as Bacillus strains, including 64 strains (62.7%) and 16 strains (15.7%) of a Bacillus cereu s-related and B. fusiformis -related species, respectively. The Undaria substrate before fermentation contained culturable microorganisms at 1.4–3.1 × 10² CFU/g, but the Bacillus cereu s-related strain was not a major composition, suggesting a concern of selective growth of the Bacillus cereu s-related strain during the spoiled fermentation.     

Identification and partial characterization of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria in freshwater Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala

Carps are the most diversified freshwater fish belonging to family Cyprinidae. Numerous probiotic and pathogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been characterized from carps. However, the diversity of these ecologically important bacteria is entirely unknown in freshwater fish of Pakistan. The present study aimed to characterize and identify the lactic acid bacteria from two carps viz. Laboe rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala and determine their antagonistic activity. Seventeen bacterial isolates were purified from the gastrointestinal tract and gills of these fish and characterized morphologically. Initially, seven isolates were screened as LAB using agar supplemented with CaCO₃. Subsequently, only two isolates CILB2 and RIL10 were selected as LAB after high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis for lactic acid production. Isolates CILB2 and RIL10 were genetically identified as Enterococcus faecalis and Weissella sp., respectively after 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Both strains exhibited significant antagonistic activity against common fish pathogens Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Enterococcus faecalis CILB2 and Weissella sp. RIL10 were also found negative for haemolysis and gelatinase activities and were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and co‐trimoxazole antibiotics. The identified LAB strains may further be investigated for their potential probiotic application in fish feed and food preservation techniques.     

Isolation,characterization, and utilization of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria from Myanmar fishery products fermented with boiled rice

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from four types of Myanmar traditional fermented fishery products with boiled rice. All of them belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, and comparison of the effects of these representatives on GABA accumulation in fermented fishery products with boiled rice revealed that Lactobacillus farciminis D323 is the most effective strain as a starter culture. These results may contribute to the development of traditional fermented fishery products with functional properties. In addition, this study is the first to show in detail the distribution of GABA-producing LAB in Southeast Asian fermented fishery products.     

Enhancement of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) growth by using terrestrial lactic acid bacteria

One of the pathways for the entry of bacteria, both pathogenic and probiotic, into the larvae of fish hatcheries is via live prey. As a preventive measure against infections, live prey may be cultured, supplementing the food with probiotics. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used in the larviculture. In this study, the nutritional effect of seven terrestrial LAB has been studied regarding the growth of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The cultures were carried out without partial renewal of the culture medium, feeding the rotifers on baker's yeast and adding some of the species of bacteria. In all cases, the addition of the bacteria increased both the specific maximum growth rate and the maximum density obtainable in the cultures. However, the best results were obtained with the addition of Lactococcus casei ssp. casei, Pediococcus acidilactici, or Lactobacillus lactis spp lactis. The rates of growth obtained with the individual or joint addition of these three bacteria were 8–13 times greater than those obtained with the control cultures after 4–5 days' culture. In this study, a series of kinetic models has been applied (logistic modified—Gompertz, logistic–logistic, and generalised logistic) which describes the experimental data, obtaining a set of parameters of biological significance which facilitate the optimisation of the use of these bacterial strains in the mass production of rotifers.     

Effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L., cultured in the laboratory under high density and suboptimum temperature

This study examined the effect of potential probiotic bacteria on growth and survival of the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus , under high density and suboptimum temperature. Presumptive Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from tilapia and from their culture system and were characterized for haemolytic and enzymatic activity, and antagonism against Vibrio . Selected strains were included in the diet of juvenile tilapia and evaluated during a 134-day assay. The experiment was conducted with four treatments: (1) fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^®; (2) fish fed with commercial feed plus LAB; (3) fish with bacilli in water; (4) fish with a mixture of treatments 2 and 3. Tilapias in all treatments, including bacteria, grew significantly better than fish fed with commercial feed plus Dry Oil^® (control group). Survival was similar in all treatments. The physicochemical parameters of the culture system were maintained within the optimal ranges for the species, with the exception of temperature (19.9–24.82 °C). Animals fed diet supplemented with bacilli and LAB had good survival and the best growth performance, suggesting that bacteria are appropriate growth-stimulating additives in tilapia cultivation.     

The Effects of Fermentation Process with Acid and Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on the Biogenic Amine Formation of Wet and Spray-Dried Fish Silages of Discards

The impacts of fermentation process with acid and lactic acid bacteria strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus gallinarum, and Streptococcus spp.) on the biogenic amine formation of wet and spray-dried fish silage obtained from whole gibel carp (Carassius gibelio, freshwater discard), whole ponyfish (Equulites klunzingeri, seawater discard), and processing by-products of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were investigated. The results showed that among biogenic amines, cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, serotonin, dopamine, and agmatine were predominant in all groups. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in biogenic amine concentrations of wet and spray-dried fish silage were observed. Raw fish and wet silages contained histamine level lower than the allowable limit of 50mg/kg, indicating the use of raw fish material with low microbial counts. In addition, no histamine was detected in spray-dried fish silage, except for seabass by-products with a trace quantity of histamine (<0.04mg/100g). The starter culture used for silage preparation did not effectively retard formation of biogenic amines compared to acid silage. It can be concluded that there is potential use of fermented fish silage as a protein source and possibly as a probiotic ingredient for animal feed in both wet and dry form.     

Effects of dietary mono‐ and multiprobiotic strains on growth performance,gut bacteria and body composition of Javanese carp (Puntius gonionotus,Bleeker 1850)

This study investigated the effects of dietary mono‐ and multiprobiotic strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus fermentum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on growth performance, intestinal bacteria and body composition of Javanese carp (Puntius gonionotus). Moreover, the effect of storage temperature on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability in the feed was studied. Compared to the control group, significant (P < 0.05) effect on weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of probiotic fed Javanese carp was observed. Inclusion of individual LAB strains in the diet resulted in significantly improved growth performances of Javanese carps compared to fish fed a diet supplemented LAB mixture. The inclusion level of E. faecalis at 10⁷ colony‐forming unit (cfu) g⁻¹ in the diet revealed higher growth performance compared to other treatments. The population levels of LAB in the fish intestine were significantly increased while the levels of Gram‐negative bacteria were significantly decreased compared to the control. No significant variations were observed in the chemical composition of the carcass by probiotics. The viability of LAB in feed was higher when stored at 4 °C compared to 25 °C. It is suggested that E. faecalis has a greater potential for use in improving Javanese carp culture outcomes.     

Application of Native Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) for Fermentative Recovery of Lipids and Proteins from Fish Processing Wastes: Bioactivities of Fermentation Products

Fermentation using native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was evaluated for its effectiveness in recovering lipids and proteins simultaneously from freshwater fish visceral waste (FVW). Five different LAB isolated from fish processing waste were employed in a fermentation process that involved 10% (w/w) glucose, 2% (w/w) NaCl, and 10% (v/w) LAB. Cultures evaluated included four native isolates (Pediococcus acidilactici NCIM5368, Enterococcus faecalis NCIM5367, Pediococcus acidilactici FM37, and Pediococcus acidilactici MW2) from FVW with E. faecium NCIM5335 as the reference culture. Fermentation with native LAB resulted in recovery of > 90% oil present in the material as against no recovery in case of raw (unfermented) viscera and resulted in > 50% of degree of hydrolysis of proteins. The fatty acid profile of lipids was not affected by the fermentation process. The fermentation liquor, rich in hydrolyzed protein, exhibited antioxidant as well as antagonistic properties against several bacterial pathogens. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of fermentation using native isolates for simultaneous recovery of lipids and proteins from fish processing waste. It also asserts the value of fermentation as an eco-friendly method and aids in minimizing disposal/pollution problems associated with these solid wastes.