黄海南部小黄鱼生长、死亡和最适开捕体长

根据2008-2009年在黄海南部海域底拖网采集的小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis(Bleeker,1877)]样本的生物学资料,应用FiSAT软件对小黄鱼的生长、死亡参数进行估算,通过Beverton-Holt模型评价小黄鱼资源的利用状况,并与临界体长、拐点体长等进行比较,以确定最适开捕体长.结果显示:(1)小黄鱼的体长(L)和体质量(W)关系式为W=0.0268×L2814.(2)应用FiSAT软件拟合的von Bertalanffy生长方程参数为L=27 cm,k=0.45 a-1,to=-0.47 a;(3)总死亡系数Z=2.40,自然死亡系数M=0.77,捕捞死亡系数F=1.63,开发率E=0.68.(4)在现行的捕捞死亡系数F=1.63下,Yw/R达到最大值时开捕年龄和开捕体长分别为1.41 a和15.42 cm;拐点年龄和体长分别为1.83 a和17.41 cm;临界年龄和体长分别为1.70 a和16.82cm.现阶段小黄鱼资源已处于过度开发状态,综合考虑渔民利益和资源修复需要,建议黄海南部小黄鱼的最适开捕规格定为体长14.83 cm.     

达里湖东北雅罗鱼的生长、死亡和生活史类型的研究

达里湖东北雅罗鱼(Leucisus waleckii)的种群结构参数(体长、体重和年龄)进行测定,估算种群的生长和死亡参数,并研究种群的生活史类型。结果显示:东北雅罗鱼的体长和体重的关系式Wt=0.0281L2t.8152,其vonBertalanffy生长方程各参数为渐近体长L∞=28.9763 cm,渐近体重W∞=366.95 g,生长系数k=0.2586,t0=-0.3237;自然死亡系数M为0.322,总死亡系数Z为0.9386,捕捞死亡系数F为0.6166;生活类型为r-选择。结果表明:作为渔业管理对策,达里湖东北雅罗鱼的起捕年龄应定为3龄以上。     

北部湾口海域深水金线鱼生长和死亡研究

2007年1-12月在北部湾口采集477尾深水金线鱼标本,使用FiSATⅡ软件中的ELEFANⅠ程序包对其生长参数进行了估算.一维方差分析结果表明,北部湾口海域深水金线鱼体长和体质量相关性无显著性性别差异（P>0.05）,雌、雄混合后的体长和体质量关系方程为mt=5.4604×10-5L2.875t;Von Bertalanffy生长方程为Lt=244.7×{1-exp[-0.42×(t+0.37)]},mt=402.3×{1-exp[-0.42×(t+0.37)]}2.875;体质量生长拐点2.3龄,对应体长163.1 mm;逻辑斯蒂方程求解的50％性成熟体长为121.5 mm;体长组成资料的累计渔获量曲线估算的总死亡系数为2.28,Pauly经验公式计算自然死亡系数为0.49,北部湾口海域2007年深水金线鱼的开发率达到0.79,资源处于过度开发状态.Beverton & Holt模型研究表明,当前北部湾口海域深水金线鱼的开捕年龄偏小.建议在当前捕捞力量下,增大tc至2龄,此时深水金线鱼体长为152.3 mm,单位补充量渔获量可达到68.5 g/尾.     

东、黄海星康吉鳗生长、死亡和单位补充量渔获量

依据2011年、2016年和2017年在东、黄海进行的底拖网调查数据,研究了星康吉鳗的生长参数、死亡系数和单位补充量渔获量(YPR)。星康吉鳗的体长体质量关系和生长方程的拟合结果表明,其条件因子a估计值为4.5×10–4,其异速生长系数b的估计值为3.3。其渐近体长L∞的估计均值为102 cm,生长速率K的均值为0.21/年,理论上体长为零时的年龄t0估计均值为–0.19。通过Pauly经验公式求得星康吉鳗的自然死亡系数(M)为0.33。体长转换的渔获曲线求得总死亡系数为3.36,进而求得现阶段的捕捞死亡系数(F)为3.03,开发率高达90%。此外求得现阶段星康吉鳗的开捕体长为30 cm,对应的开捕年龄为1.47龄,远小于其体质量生长的拐点年龄(3.70龄)和临界年龄(3.39龄)。本研究根据单位补充量渔获量模型,估计其在不同自然死亡系数和开捕体长的情况下随捕捞死亡系数的变化曲线,并估算其生物学参考点。随F增加,YPR先增加到最大值,再逐渐减小。现阶段星康吉鳗的YPR为27.14,而当M为0.33时Fmax估计值为0.38,YPRmax为52.89,即将F降低为1/8,可获得将近2倍的YPR;对应的F0.1为0.255,比Fmax降低了三分之一,YPR0.1(50.38)只比最大值降低了不足5%。M越大,求得的生物学参考点越大,可获得的YPR越小;当开捕体长增加时,F和YPR都会有不同程度的增加。因此,现阶段中国东黄海星康吉鳗的开发率过高,开捕体长过小,处于过度捕捞的状态。为了维持星康吉鳗种群的生态健康、实现该渔业的可持续发展,建议大幅削减其捕捞强度,降低捕捞死亡系数,同时增加开捕体长。     

基于体长频率数据的西江封开段赤眼鳟可捕规格与资源保护研究

该研究于2014年在西江封开段进行了8个月的渔获物调查,采集了526尾赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)的体长、体质量等生物学信息,利用体长频率分布估算赤眼鳟生长、死亡参数,并分析渔业资源利用状况。结果显示,赤眼鳟体长-体质量的幂函数关系参数a=0.028 8,b=2.858 2。von Bertalanffy生长参数渐近体长L_(inf)=74 cm,生长系数K=0.1,自然死亡系数M=0.19,总死亡系数Z=1.51,捕捞死亡系数F=1.32,开发率E=0.88。渔业资源量分析显示,2014年西江封开段赤眼鳟资源量为2 234 652尾、428.558 t。单位补充量渔获量(Yield per recruit, YPR)模型分析显示,当前赤眼鳟首次开捕体长为12.3 cm,F为1.32,YPR为1.89 g;当首次开捕体长调整为27.8 cm、F调整为0.45时,可获得YPR 7.76 g。当前赤眼鳟资源处于过度开发状态,建议将开捕体长设为27.8 cm,将捕捞强度降至0.45。     

北部湾二长棘鲷生长和死亡参数估计

根据上世纪90年代及60年代的生物学资料，运用体长频率分析法估算二长棘鲷的生长和死亡参数。vonBertlanffy生长方程的主要参数L∞=27．3cm，K=0．45，t0=-O．34；体重的生长拐点为2．12龄；瞬时总死亡率(Z)、瞬时自然死亡率(M)和瞬时捕捞死亡率(F)分别为2.825，1．045和1．78。当前开发率为0．63，资源处于过度利用状态。根据等渔量曲线图分析，当前的捕捞强度过高，而开捕年龄和开捕体长过低，资源出现衰竭现象。综合考虑当前的捕捞强度和社会经济效益，建议北部湾二长棘鲷的最适开捕年龄大于1龄，开捕体长大于120mm。     

山东近海口虾蛄单位补充量渔获量评估

为完善口虾蛄的基础生物学资料,并为口虾蛄资源的管理提供科学指导和理论依据,本研究根据2016至2017年山东近海渔业资源底拖网调查获得的口虾蛄体长、体质量数据,估算了口虾蛄的生长、死亡参数,构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)模型,研究口虾蛄的资源动态和管理策略。采集调查口虾蛄样品共5028尾,体长—体质量关系的表达式为W=0.0145L2.88,为负异速生长;使用ELEFAN方法估算出口虾蛄的渐进体长L∞为19.87 cm,生长速率K为0.62 a−1。口虾蛄的生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律,生长参数的季节振幅C为0.76,10月份生长最快,4月份生长最慢。通过体长转换的渔获曲线估算出口虾蛄的总死亡系数Z为3.24 a−1,根据不同方法估算自然死亡系数M的范围为0.75~1.27 a−1,捕捞死亡系数F的估算范围为1.96~2.49 a−1,开发率的均值为0.67。YPR模型结果显示,随着F增大,YPR值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的值分别为0.92a−1和1.88a−1。口虾蛄资源处于过度开发的状态,应降低捕捞压力,同时调整开捕体长,以维持口虾蛄渔业资源量和渔获量。     

太湖湖鲚种群数量变动及合理利用的研究

本文根据1982年4月至1984年4月所采集的3964尾湖鲚样本,进行生长与死亡、不同体长的摄食习性的研究。研究表明,湖鲚的自然死亡系数M为0.52,捕捞死亡系数F为2.66,总死亡系数Z为3.18,生长的拐点年龄为2.548。体长达131mm时,饵料中开始出现经济鱼虾;体长达170mm时,饵料中的经济鱼虾比重急剧上升,出现率为50—100％,经济鱼虾饱和分指数占饱和总指数85—99％,其中白虾约占40％—94％。 本文应用Schaofer模式、Beverton-Holt模式计算得出:湖鲚开捕年龄为0.5龄时太湖最大持续渔获量为652.5万公斤,最适捕捞努力量为3190000(日,吨位)。综合分析认为合理利用湖鲚资源的最佳开捕年龄应为1.5龄,即使F不变,渔获量也将上升三倍。     

浙江南部近海小黄鱼生长、死亡和单位补充量渔获量

浙江南部近海是东海种群小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)的重要繁殖和育肥场所。根据2016年2月、5月、8月和11月采集的2023尾浙江南部近海小黄鱼全长、体长和体重等生物学信息,利用体长频率分布估算小黄鱼种群生长、死亡参数,并利用Beverton-Holt动态综合模型评估探讨单位补充量渔获量在不同自然死亡系数和渔具选择下随捕捞死亡系数的变化趋势。研究结果表明小黄鱼von Bertalanffy生长参数为渐近体长L_∞=22.58 cm,生长速率K=0.78/a,初始年龄t_a=-0.37 a;自然死亡系数M值为1.343,总死亡系数Z值为4.432,捕捞死亡系数F为3.089,开发率E为0.697,表明资源处于过度开发状态;小黄鱼的首次捕捞体长L_(50)=13.11cm,对应首次捕捞平均年龄t_c=0.743 a,小于临界年龄(0.886a)和体重生长的拐点年龄(0.979a),渔业主要捕捞对象为幼鱼和补充群体,无法保证资源的有效补充;根据B-H动态模型,当前的YPR值为15.279 g/ind,若降低捕捞强度到1.685,对应YPR_(max)为17.061 g/ind,与当前产量相比增幅11.66%;若提高开捕体长(13.11cm→16.0cm),YPR_(cur)会出现显著提高(15.279 g/ind→18.766 g/ind),增幅达22.82%,表明提高开捕体长要优于降低捕捞强度。当前东海小黄鱼群系处于小型低龄化和过度开发状态,建议将小黄鱼的开捕体长提高为15 cm,保证小黄鱼的产卵亲体量及资源的可持续发展。     

锦江河干流黄颡鱼的年龄、生长和资源利用研究

2017年1—12月在沅江水系支流锦江河采集野生黄颡鱼样本408尾,对其生长、年龄和资源利用情况进行研究。其中,年龄结构通过对比脊椎骨、胸鳍棘、鳃盖骨、耳石,选择脊椎骨作为年龄判断材料,得到的样本年龄为1～6龄,2龄为优势年龄组,占样本总量的38.24%。体长与体质量的幂函数关系式为m=0.0001L^2.6121(r^2=0.9491,n=248);采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程拟合体长、体质量与年龄的关系,其关系式分别为L_t=210.8029[1-e^-0.3015(~t^+0.2272)],m_t=117.5434[1-e^-0.3015(~t^+0.2272)]^2.6121。生长拐点年龄为2.96龄,对应的体长130.2 mm,体质量108.2 g。采用Panly公式分析了锦江河黄颡鱼的资源利用情况,其资源开发率为0.1096,总死亡率为0.7838,自然死亡率为1.3958,当起捕体长为121 mm时,相对单位补充渔获量和生物量达到最大,分别为0.004213和0.048993,对应的年龄为2.63龄,体质量为105.2 g。当前锦江河黄颡鱼处于过度开发状态,种群明显趋于低龄化、小型化,为保护锦江河野生黄颡鱼资源,建议最小起捕体长130.2 mm,体质量108.2 g。     

Atlantic Fisheries Technological Conference,Moncton, NB,August 21, 1995

No abstract available for this article.     

Anguilla huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009, is a junior synonym of Anguilla luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009

Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.     

Age,growth, maturity and the overfishing of the iconic sciaenid,Argyrosomus japonicus,in south-eastern,Australia

Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L₅₀ of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L₅₀ of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.     

Surface disinfection of Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis, and amberjack, Seriola rivoliana, eggs

The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L⁻¹ H₂O₂ for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L⁻¹ PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>10⁴ cfu egg⁻¹), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L⁻¹, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L⁻¹ for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L⁻¹) concentrations of H₂O₂ was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg⁻¹).     

Effects of Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinis,on Channel Catfish,Ictalurus puncatatus,Production Ponds

Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.     

Compositional differences,antioxidant activity,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition,and sensory characteristics of kamaboko fermented in wheat,rice, brown rice,and soybean koji

Fisheries Science - Fermentation of kamaboko in koji with wheat (KW), rice (KR), brown rice (KB), or soybean (KS) was performed by simulation of tofuyo processing. Moisture and protein content...     

Sperm Motilities in Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Effects of Various Dilutions,pH, Temperature,Osmolality, and Cations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of varying dilutions, pH, temperature, osmolality, and cations on sperm motility parameters in waigieu seaperch, Psammoperca waigiensis. The maximum velocity of average in path (VAP), percentage of motile cells (MOT), and duration of sperm motility (DSM) were observed when semen was diluted in artificial seawater (ASW) at a ratio of 1:100 (144.9 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 95.6 ± 0.4%, and 230.3 ± 2.3 sec, respectively), at 30 C (142.0 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.6 ± 0.4%, and 238.3 ± 0.9 sec, respectively), and pH 8 (144.8 ± 0.6 µm/sec, 93.3 ± 0.4%, and 234.0 ± 1.5 sec, respectively). Maximum VAP, MOT, and DSM were obtained in each solution containing 0.6 M NaCl (143.8 ± 1.0 µm/sec, 91.3 ± 2.0%, and 230.6 ± 4.2 sec, respectively), 0.6 M KCl (135.1 ± 3.1 µm/sec, 91.1 ± 3.1%, and 230.3 ± 3.7sec, respectively), 0.2M CaCl₂ (105.3 ± 4.7μm/sec, 47.9 ± 2.7%, and 120.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively), 0.2 M MgCl₂ (107.3 ± 3.0 m/s, 42.1 ± 3.3%, and 120.3 ± 4.8 sec, respectively), and osmolality of 400 mOsm/kg (145.1 ± 2.5 µm/sec, 93.0 ± 2.1%, and 346.5 ± 4.4s, respectively). We used these mediums as artificial insemination media for fertilizing matured eggs. The results showed that the fertilization and hatching rates in 0.6 M NaCl (75.3 ± 0.6% and 57.0 ± 2.4%, respectively), ASW (70.8 ± 1.2% and 51.2 ± 1.8%, respectively), or 400 mOsm/kg (72.9 ± 1.8% and 55.3 ± 1.6%, respectively) were higher than that in seawater (63.9 ± 1.2% and 39.2 ± 3.9%, respectively). In conclusion, using 0.6 M NaCl, ASW, or 400 mOsm/kg as an artificial insemination medium is effective for fertilizing of waigieu seaperch.     

驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。