草鱼免疫球蛋白M重链基因的克隆及表达

用RACE-PCR方法扩增出草鱼免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM) 分泌型的重链全长cDNA.其cDNA全长为1 940 nt,包含5'非编码区20 nt,3'非编码区189 nt,开放阅读框1 731 nt,编码576个氨基酸.序列比对分析表明草鱼IgM与鲤的相似性高达68%,与斑马鱼、斑点叉尾鱼回、鳜以及大西洋鳕的相似性分别为61%、43%、33%和30%.ClustalX比对结果显示:草鱼IgM中存在半胱氨酸和色氨酸的保守位点.进化分析表明,草鱼IgM与斑马鱼的IgM聚为一枝.荧光定量PCR显示草鱼IgM的mRNA主要在头肾、中肾和脾脏中表达,表明了这三个免疫器官是IgM表达的主要场所.     

大鳍鳠免疫球蛋白M 重链基因的克隆及表达分析

用RACE-PCR和RT-PCR方法获得大鳍鳠分泌型免疫球蛋白M(sIgM)重链基因的全长cDNA序列.大鳍鳠sIgM的cDNA全长为1 992 bp,包含5 '非编码区53 bp,3’非编码区226 bp,开放阅读框1 713,编码570个氨基酸.推测的大鳍鳠sIgM蛋白质序列可变区含有4个骨架区(FR)和3个互补决定区(CDR),恒定区(CH)含有CH1、CH2、CH3和CH4 4个部分.与其它6种硬骨鱼类IgM氨基酸序列比对分析表明,大鳍鳠sIgM存在半胱氨酸和色氨酸保守位点；其氨基酸序列与斑点叉尾鲴IgM的相似性最高,为54.3％；与石斑鱼的相似性最低,为24.6％.进化树分析表明,大鳍鳠sIgM与斑点叉尾鲴聚为一支.RT-PCR显示,大鳍鳠IgM基因主要在血细胞、脾脏、头肾和中肾中转录表达；注射嗜水气单胞菌后,血细胞、脾脏和头肾IgM重链基因转录表达量在1～10 d内有显著上升.     

草鱼ghrelin基因的分子克隆与组织分布及其摄食调控作用分析

ghrelin是一种在脊椎动物摄食调节过程中起重要作用的脑肠肽,具有明显的摄食促进作用。实验利用同源克隆技术获得了草鱼ghrelin基因的cDNA序列和DNA序列,其中cDNA序列全长506 bp,包括90 bp的5′端非编码区(5′-untranslated region,5′UTR),312 bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),以及104 bp的3′端非编码区(3′-untranslated region,3′UTR)。开放阅读框编码的103个氨基酸的ghrelin前体肽,经剪切加工后形成含有19个氨基酸的成熟肽。氨基酸序列分析结果显示,草鱼ghrelin与硬骨鱼类ghrelin相似度最高,而与其他脊椎动物相似度较低,同时草鱼ghrelin成熟肽N端的"活性中心"(active core)为鲤科鱼类中常见的GTSF形式。与大多数硬骨鱼类的ghrelin基因结构相同,草鱼ghrelin基因也包括4个外显子和3个内含子。荧光定量PCR检测到ghrelin mRNA大量分布于草鱼的前肠和脾,脑、肾、肝、肌肉、皮和鳔等组织也有ghrelin mRNA分布。草鱼脑和肠中的ghrelin表达水平在摄食后下降,随着饥饿时间的延长表达水平逐步升高,最后维持在较高水平,表明ghrelin作为摄食启动信号对草鱼的摄食活动起到了促进作用。     

鲤胸腺素Tβ全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

应用荧光DDRT-PCR从鲤外周血白细胞克隆了鲤胸腺素β(thymosinβ,Tβ)基因cDNA全序列。序列分析表明,TβcDNA全长528bp,其完整的读码框架位于40～178bp,编码46个氨基酸,5'非编码区长39bp,3'非编码区长为348bp,且具有Poly(A)加尾信号(AATAAA),将该基因序列递呈GenBank,注册序列号为AY457946。氨基酸序列同源性分析显示,鲤Tβ氨基酸序列与鲤Tβa、斑马鱼Tβa及斑马鱼Tβ-2同源性均为84%。在系统发生树上,鲤Tβ与鲤、斑马鱼、白斑狗鱼和鲑Tβa及斑马鱼Tβ2聚类。     

草鱼APN基因的克隆及表达特征

氨肽酶N(APN)是肽酶M1家族的成员之一,在蛋白质的消化中发挥重要作用。采用同源克隆和RACE技术首次克隆草鱼APN基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长为3258bp,包含27bp的5UTR序列,552bp的3UTR序列,2679bp开放阅读框,编码892个氨基酸;草鱼与斑马鱼基因同源性和编码氨基酸同源性分别为81.5%和75.4%,与其他动物同源性分别为58.8%～61.2%和54.3%～60.2%。经预测,其编码蛋白的分子量为100.61ku,等电点为5.14,该蛋白具有与哺乳动物十分相似的1个螺旋跨膜结构,但跨膜区氨基酸同源性较低;系统进化分析表明,草鱼APN基因与斑马鱼的亲缘关系最近;利用Real-timePCR技术检测了该基因的发育表达,结果显示草鱼出膜4d后APNmRNA表达量相对稳定;APN在草鱼前肠、中肠和后肠均有较高的表达量,以前肠组织表达量最高;昼夜节律研究发现,肠道APN基因06:00-18:00的表达量较18:00-06:00高。     

草鱼Bcl-2基因的克隆、组织表达分析及DHA诱导下其在脂肪细胞中的表达变化

为获知草鱼B细胞淋巴瘤基因-2(B cell CLL/ lymphoma-2, Bcl-2)基因序列及其在草鱼各组织和脂肪细胞中的表达变化,本研究通过cDNA快速末端扩增(Rapid amplification of cDNA ends, RACE)技术获得了草鱼Bcl-2的全长cDNA序列,并采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测了Bcl-2在草鱼不同组织中的表达情况。为研究二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic Acid,DHA)对草鱼前体脂肪细胞凋亡的诱导作用,本研究检测了100 μmol/L DHA处理后,草鱼前体脂肪细胞中Bcl-2基因的时序表达。结果显示,所获得的草鱼 Bcl-2 基因全长cDNA序列长度为1292 bp,包含133 bp 的5′非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)和784 bp 的3′UTR;开放阅读框为375 bp, 编码124 个氨基酸。草鱼Bcl-2与鲤、斑马鱼Bcl-2氨基酸同源性分别为89.5%和91.1%,与人、原鸡、小鼠、野猪、欧洲牛、褐家鼠、家猫和犬等其他动物的氨基酸同源性为57.7%-62.0%。其编码蛋白的分子量为14.14KDa,等电点为4.68。Bcl-2基因在草鱼心脏、肝胰脏、脾脏、鳃、肾脏、肌肉、腹腔脂肪组织、脑、小肠、精巢10个组织中均有表达,其中在腹腔脂肪组织、肾脏和精巢中表达丰度最高,在肌肉中表达最低。DHA处理草鱼前体脂肪细胞后,Bcl2基因表达在增殖阶段下调,而在分化阶段上调。研究表明,Bcl-2在草鱼各组织中广泛表达,且DHA对其在脂肪细胞中的表达具有调控作用。     

斜带石斑鱼IgM、IgZ和IgD重链基因的克隆

应用RACE方法获得斜带石斑鱼膜结合型免疫球蛋白M(membrane-bound immu-noglobulin M,mIgM),膜结合型免疫球蛋白D(mIgD),分泌型免疫球蛋白Z(secretory immu-noglobulin Z,sIgZ)的重链基因。斜带石斑鱼膜结合型IgM重链恒定区包含3个恒定区结构域(μ1,μ2,μ3)以及两个跨膜外显子(TM1,TM2),TM1外显子与μ3结构域末端相连接。氨基酸序列相似性分析结果显示,斜带石斑鱼mIgM各恒定区与牙鲆mIgM恒定区相似性最高,为53%~78%。mIgD的cDNA全长为3 375 bp,开放阅读框包含3 006 bp,其恒定区由1个μ1外显子,7个δ外显子以及跨膜区组成。斜带石斑鱼IgD恒定区与鳜IgD各恒定区氨基酸序列相似性最高,δ1~δ7的相似性分别为75.5%、75.8%、65.4%、76.6%、88.1%、90.6%、82.8%,TM结构域为82.7%。sIgZ的基因结构与其他硬骨鱼类sIgZ的结构相似,包括4个外显子和3个内含子,内含子长度分别为222、129和458 bp。利用半定量PCR分别检测了这3种基因在斜带石斑鱼各器官/组织中的表达,发现mIgM在头肾、肾脏、脑、脾脏、肠、鳃、心脏和胸腺中均有表达;mIgD的mRNA在头肾、肾脏以及胸腺中有较高的表达,在肠中表达量较低;sIgZ mRNA主要分布于淋巴组织如头肾、肾及脾脏中,而在鳃、心脏和胸腺中的丰度较低。     

草鱼小肽转运载体PepT1基因的克隆与表达特征

采用同源克隆和RACE技术克隆草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)PepT1基因的全长cDNA序列。该cDNA全长为2 762 bp,包含141 bp的5′UTR序列,479 bp的3′UTR序列,2 142 bp开放阅读框,编码713个氨基酸;草鱼与鲫(Carassius auratus)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的核苷酸同源性分别为77.6%和74.0%,氨基酸同源性分别为78.0%和76.7%;与其他物种的核苷酸同源性为53.9%～59.1%,而氨基酸的同源性为57.2%～61.8%。经预测,其编码蛋白的分子量为79.29 kD,等电点为5.87,该蛋白具有与哺乳动物十分相似的11个螺旋跨膜结构,跨膜区氨基酸高度保守;系统进化分析表明,草鱼PepT1基因与鲫鱼和斑马鱼的亲缘关系最近;利用Real-time PCR技术检测了该基因的时空表达,结果显示,PepT1在草鱼前肠组织表达量最高,其次是肌肉组织;草鱼出膜7 d后PepT1 mRNA表达量相对稳定;昼夜节律研究发现,肠道PepT1基因夜间的表达量较白天高。本研究旨在为小肽转运载体PepT1介导肠道转运小肽调控草鱼对饲料蛋白消化吸收的分子机理提供理论基础。     

草鱼天然抗性相关巨噬蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆与表达分析

天然抗性相关巨噬蛋白(Nramp)家族是一类抑制胞内寄生菌侵染的天然免疫相关蛋白.本研究克隆了草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)Nramp基因并进行了表达分析.该基因cDNA序列全长为3158 bp,编码1个含544个氨基酸的蛋白.该蛋白含有Nramp家族的特征序列:包含12个跨膜区(TM)、1个由20个氨基酸残基组成的胞质内转运结构域(CTM).草鱼Nramp同其他16个物种的Nramp氨基酸序列同源性在62.5%～90.2%之间.草鱼Nramp基因cDNA的独特结构是其3味端非翻译区(UTR)和5'UTR各有1个脊椎动物Nramp2中的铁反应控制蛋白结合位点(IRE).系统进化分析表明,草鱼Nramp和所有鱼类Nramp聚为一簇,与哺乳类Nramp2的亲缘关系较近.Nramp基因在单鱼头肾和脾脏中的表达量最高,在肌肉和皮肤中的表达量最低,在草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)感染的草鱼肾脏细胞系(CIK)中的表达量明显升高.     

军曹鱼dnd基因cDNA克隆及其在性腺周年发育过程中的表达

本研究通过cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆了军曹鱼(Rachycentron canadum)dnd基因(Rcdnd)的cDNA序列,全长1339bp,其中,5'非编码区59bp,3'非编码区173bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1107 bp,共编码368个氨基酸.Rcdnd氨基酸序列含有1段RNA识别保守基序(R...     

Cloning, characterization and expression of the LECT2 gene in grass carp

An expressed sequence tag of grass carp leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) gene was screened from an established intestinal cDNA library. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends gave rise to a full-length LECT2 cDNA (gcLECT2) with a complete open-reading frame of 474 bp, encoding 158 amino acids about 17.9 kDa. Homology search and sequence alignment showed that this deduced protein sequence shared a high identity with LECT2 from other vertebrates. Western blotting indicated immunological cross-reactivity occurs between grass carp and human LECT2 protein. This gcLECT2 genomic sequence is 1,868 bp in size, which consists of five exons and four introns. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that gcLECT2 gene is ubiquitously expressed in different tissues of healthy grass carp including brain, gut, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle and heart, while the expression levels were significantly increased in liver and spleen followed by Aeromonas salmonicida infection. 992 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed, where one CAAT box and one GC island were found. Our results showed that the LECT2 is suggested to be most possibly involved in the grass carp’s immune response.     

草鱼TLR9基因全长cDNA的克隆及特征分析

采用同源克隆及快速扩增cDNA末端技术,从草鱼鳃组织中克隆了Toll样受体9(Toll-like receptor 9,TLR9)基因的cDNA全长。序列分析表明,草鱼TLR9 cDNA全长3 468 bp,编码1 058个氨基酸,其中包括18个氨基酸组成的信号肽、16个富含亮氨酸重复结构域(leucine rich repeat,LRR)、1个跨膜区和1个TIR结构域(Toll/IL-1 receptor)。该蛋白的分子量为121 921 u,等电点为8.80。氨基酸序列的同源性分析显示,草鱼TLR9与鲤TLR9的同源性最高(85%),依次为斑马鱼(82%)、大西洋鲑(55%)、虹鳟(55%)。在系统发生树上,草鱼TLR9首先与鲤科的鲤和斑马鱼聚类。通过半定量RT-PCR检测可知,草鱼TLR9在被检测的15个组织中都有表达,其中在鳃中的表达最高,其次为血、头肾等。这些结果为进一步深入研究TLR-9的功能及开发草鱼免疫增强剂奠定基础。     

草鱼SREBP-1基因的克隆及糖对其在肝脏中表达的影响

固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBPs)是调控糖脂代谢相关基因表达的关键核转录因子。为获知草鱼SREBP-1基因的序列及其在肝脏中的表达规律,本实验采用同源克隆和RACE方法获得了草鱼SREBP-1基因的部分cDNA序列,并通过生物信息学方法对该基因及所编码蛋白的结构特征进行了分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对SREBP-1基因在8种不同组织的表达规律及低糖(糖含量24%)和高糖(糖含量42%)投喂条件下肝脏中的表达水平进行了研究。结果显示,所克隆到的草鱼SREBP-1基因cDNA长4 760 bp,其中包括开放读码框3 426bp,编码1 141个氨基酸;草鱼SREBP-1具有一个典型的碱性螺旋-环-螺旋亮氨酸拉链结构(bHLH-zip);氨基酸序列比对结果显示,草鱼SREBP-1与其他鱼类的同源性在76%~88%之间,与斑马鱼的进化关系最近;草鱼SREBP-1基因在脑中的表达量最高,肝脏和肠次之,在肾脏、脾脏、肌肉、脂肪和性腺中均有少量表达;与对照组相比,SREBP-1基因在高糖诱导下表达量显著提高(P0.05),低糖诱导下没有显著性差异。研究表明,在高糖负荷条件下,草鱼肝脏中SREBP-1可能会促进糖的利用和转化,从而参与糖代谢调节过程,为丰富鱼类糖代谢调控机理提供研究资料,并有望为提高鱼类对饲料糖的利用效率提供理论依据。     

真鲷天然抗性相关巨噬蛋白全长cDNA的克隆与序列分析

Natural resistance associated macrophage protein (Nmmp) is an innate resistance protein to intracellular parasites, which is expressed plentifully in macrophage ceils. Nramp has been studied in mouse, human, cattle, rainbow trout and channel catfish.However, tittle was known about the structure of Pagrus major Nramp. In order to get the complete sequence of Pagrus major Nramp, a pair of primer is designed according to a 200bp known sequence of Pagrus major Nramp cDNA. By the use of SMART RACE, the full Nramp of Pagrus major cDNA about 5 000 bp was obtained, including about 200 bp 5‘ terminal region (UTR),complete encoding region and 3‘ terminal region. There were 3 ployA signals, which showed many possibilities of cutting at 3‘ terminal region. The character of Pagrus major Nramp nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence are analyzed. 12 putative transmembrane(TM) regions, a consensus transport motif (CTM), a predicted protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three predicted N-link glycosylation sites are indicated in its deduced amino acid sequence. The ‘consense transport motif‘ CTM is located etween TM8 and TM9. Furthermore, a protein kinase C phosphroylation site and three N-link glycosylation sites were predicted. The lignment of amino acid sequences between Pagrus major Nramp cDNA and several animals is analyzed and the deduced amino acid equence of Pagrus major Nrarnp had 77.8%, 83.0%, 82.3%, 80.0%, 81.1%, 60.4%, 70.3%, 58.5%, 69.5% identity ith rainbow trout α(AAD20721), rainbow trout β(AAD20722), channel catfish(AF400108), fathead minnow (AAF01778),common carp (CABal96), mouse 1 ( AAA39838 ), mouse 2 ( AAC42051 ), human 1 ( D50403 ), human 2 ( NP - 0(106(18 ),respectively. The alignment reveals high conservation in TM and CTM regions. Analysis result makes us get familiar with the structure nd character of fish Nramp, furthermore, offers some infonnat/on for the enhancement of immunity of fish and genetic amelioration on fish breeding.     

Cloning and molecular characterization of cationic amino acid transporter y+LAT1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

The solute carrier family 7A, member 7 gene encodes the light chain- y⁺L amino acid transporter-1 (y⁺LAT1) of the heterodimeric carrier responsible for cationic amino acid (CAA) transport across the basolateral membranes of epithelial cells in intestine and kidney. Rising attention has been given to y⁺LAT1 involved in CAA metabolic pathways and growth control. The molecular characterization and function analysis of y⁺LAT1 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is currently unknown. In the present study, full-length cDNA (2,688 bp), which encodes y⁺LAT1 and contains a 5′-untranslated region (319 bp), an open reading frame (1,506 bp) and a 3′-untranslated region (863 bp), has been cloned from grass carp. Amino acid sequence of grass carp y⁺LAT1 contains 11 transmembrane domains and shows 95 %, 80 % and 75 % sequence similarity to zebra fish, amphibian and mammalian y⁺LAT1, respectively. The tissue distribution and expression regulation by fasting of y⁺LAT1 mRNA were analyzed using real-time PCR. Our results showed that y⁺LAT1 mRNA was highly expressed in midgut, foregut and spleen while weakly expressed in hindgut, kidney, gill, brain, heart, liver and muscle. Nutritional status significantly influenced y⁺LAT1 mRNA expression in fish tissues, such as down-regulation of y⁺LAT1 mRNA expression after fasting (14 days).     

背角无齿蚌抗菌肽theromacin基因cDNA全序列克隆及表达分析

采用RACE方法,克隆了背角无齿蚌抗菌肽theromacin基因的cDNA全序列。结果显示,该cDNA序列全长为870 bp,5'端非翻译区104 bp,3'端非翻译区460 bp,开放阅读框长为306 bp,共编码101个氨基酸,相对分子量为11 166.9 u。同源性分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白与三角帆蚌theromacin基因氨基酸序列的相似度最高,为73%;与贻贝中发现的抗菌肽defensins、mytilins、myticins和mytimycins等4种类型相似度较低,属于Macin家族(登录号:KJ598604)。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,该基因在血液、肝脏、外套膜、鳃、斧足和肠等组织中均有表达,在外套膜中的表达量最高,在其他组织中的表达量较低;经嗜水气单胞菌诱导后,各个组织的表达量出现明显上调的趋势且与对照组显著差异,推测theromacin基因可能在背角无齿蚌的免疫反应中起重要作用。     

草鱼胰岛素样生长因子_基因克隆及序列分析

采用逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法,从草鱼肝脏的总ＲＮＡ中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子－Ｉ（ＩＧＦ－Ｉ）基因序列,定向克隆至质粒pUC18,测宇了该基因序列,推导期编码的蛋白序列,克隆的cDNA序列编码包括Ｂ,Ｃ,Ａ,Ｄ和Ｅ五个区域的１７个氨基酸,与鲤ＩＧＦ－Ｉ成熟肽比较,核酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９３．８％和９７．１％,E区域分析结果表明,所克隆的草鱼ＩＧＦ－Ｉ序列属于ＩＧＦ－ＩＥa-2亚型。     

Cloning, tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

The stearoyl-CoA desaturase cDNA in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE, and it was compared with those in grass carp, common carp and milkfish. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the full length of cDNA (1172 bp) clone encompasses 1008 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 336 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 78–82% identity with the teleosts and 64–66% with mammals compared, and like these fish, the cloned tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase amino acid sequence conserves three histidine cluster motifs (one HXXXXH and two HXXHH), which functioned as non-heme iron binding sites, essential for stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis reveal that tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase is expressed only in liver, but the stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in multiple tissues was observed in milkfish, grass carp and carp. Further, the hormonal regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression was investigated by a single injection of 17β-estradiol and testosterone. The results showed that the administration of 17β-estradiol to tilapia led to a greater increase in desaturase activity than testosterone, and higher doses of steroids produced greater increases in enzyme activity. The comparative RT-PCR analysis showed that the stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA level increased significantly in 17β-estradiol treated animals, especially in the groups receiving a single injection of 50 mg 17β-estradiol. This was reflected in the decrease in the saturated fatty acids and the increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected.