日本鳗鲡人工繁育研究的进展

从日本鳗鲡亲本的选择、人工催熟催产技术、仔鳗的饵料开发、仔鳗的培育装置及培育方法等方面综述了目前在日本鳗鲡繁育方面的最新研究成果,以期为国内日本鳗鲡的人工繁殖研究提供参考资料.     

日本鳗鲡人工育苗的进展及存在问题

鳗鲡属隶属于硬骨鱼纲（Ｏｓｔｅｉｃｈｙｅｓ）、鳗鲡目（Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌｉｆｏｒｍｅｓ）、鳗鲡科（Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌｉｄａｅ）。鳗鲡目鱼类大多数生于海洋,但鳗鲡科鱼类大部分属降河繁殖洄游鱼类,它们在海洋中产卵繁殖,幼鳗孵化后漂游到沿岸,然后进入淡水河流中成长。鳗鲡属共有１７种,广泛分布在世界各地,其中有１２种是属热带和亚热带种类。一、人工繁殖鳗鲡的研究早在３０年代人们就开始鳗鲡人工催熟的试验。１９７３年春日本北海道大学山本教授等首次获得受精卵。同年年底和次年初孵出了第一批人工繁殖的仔鳗,仔鳗存活了１２０小时,我…     

PAT标志放流有望揭开中华鲟和日本鳗鲡洄游之谜

2010年12月3日，中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所在上海崇明岛长江口实施了中华鲟和日本鳗鲡PAT标志放流活动。此次共放流野生中华鲟8尾、日本鳗鲡2尾，试图利用PAT标志技术揭开中华鲟入海洄游及日本鳗鲡繁殖行为之谜，为有效保护中华鲟这一珍稀濒危物种和突破日本鳗鲡全人工繁殖技术提供科学依据。     

鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究进展

鳗鲡是优质养殖鱼类,但鳗鲡苗种完全依靠天然捕捞。近年来鳗鲡苗种的短缺限制了鳗鲡养殖业的进一步发展,开展鳗鲡人工繁殖技术研究势在必行。文章从鳗鲡的催熟与催产、产后鳗鲡的某些繁殖生物学以及鳗鲡胚胎和仔鱼发育等方面简要回顾了鳗鲡繁殖生物学的研究概况,并着重介绍了日本的最新研究进展,日本已将人工苗培育至20多厘米的成鱼,实现了实验室内鳗鲡由卵到成鱼的全人工养殖。文章最后指出人工育苗中存在的问题,并提出今后应从内因和外因两方面研究,才能真正实现鳗鲡苗种规模化生产。     

三角鲤亲鱼培育与性腺发育研究

三角鲤（Cyprinus multitaeniata Pellegrin et Chevey）俗称江鲫、黄板鲫，主要分布于我国珠江水系和沅江水系，其肉嫩、味美，为鱼中上品，是广西江河名贵经济鱼类之一。为增殖保护这一名贵鱼类资源，促进水产养殖品种结构调整，广西水产研究所早在2001年就已经开始着手进行了三角鲤野生鱼种驯化、亲鱼培育、人工繁殖等研究工作，2003年获重大突破，至2004年，系统研究解决了三角鲤人工繁殖技术，成功繁殖鱼苗300多万尾。人工繁殖种苗经初步推广养殖，取得了显著的社会经济与生态效益。     

日本鳗鲡的生物学特征及人工饲养技术（一）

日本鳗鲡的生物学特征及人工饲养技术（一）日本鳗鲡（Ａｎｇｕｉｌｌａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）属脊索动物门、脊椎动物亚门、鱼纲、鳗鲡目、鳗鲡科、鳗鲡属。日本鳗鲡（以下简称鳗鲡）肉质细嫩鲜美，内含多种维生素、蛋白质及易被人体消化吸收的多烯不饱和脂肪酸，是一种风味...     

鳗鲡人工饲养技术

鳗鲡人工饲养技术郑建平（广东省肇庆市粮食局科技中心）日本鳗鲡（ＡｎｇｕｉｌｌａＪａｐｏｎｉｃａ）属鳗鲡目、鳗鲡科、鳗鲡属，为名贵鱼类。１９９３年我们在广东肇庆市进行了日本鳗鲡（以下简称鳗鲡）的养殖试验。以后又在广东新兴县推广鳗鲡的养殖，效益良好。现将...     

鳗鲡常见疾病及其防治

鳗鲡作为我国特种养殖主要种类之一，包括日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica Temminck et Schlegel）、花鳗鲡（A．marmorata）、欧洲鳗鲡（A．anguilla）、美洲鳗鲡（A．rastrata）等，其中后两种为引进品种。目前苗种的来源主要靠汛期的捕捞，因其产卵孵化需要特殊的盐度压力条件，全世界还未能实现人工育苗。     

Hg（2＋）对5种鳗鲡白仔急性毒性影响的研究

以日本鳗鲡（Anguilla japonica）、欧洲鳗鲡（A.anguilla）、印尼鳗鲡（A.bicolor pacifica）、菲律宾鳗鲡（A.m orm orata）和美洲鳗鲡（A.rostrata）5种鳗鲡白仔为试验对象设计急性毒性试验,研究了汞离子（Hg2＋）对5种鳗鲡白仔的致死作用和种间差异,试验时间为96 h。结果表明,Hg2＋对5种鳗鲡白仔的24 h半致死质量浓度（24h LC50）依次为日本鳗鲡（0.408 mg.L-1）〉欧洲鳗鲡（0.179 mg.L-1）〉美洲鳗鲡（0.111 mg.L-1）〉菲律宾鳗鲡（0.052 mg.L-1）〉印尼鳗鲡（0.018 mg.L-1）。而48 h、72 h和96 h的LC50依次为日本鳗鲡〉美洲鳗鲡〉欧洲鳗鲡〉菲律宾鳗鲡〉印尼鳗鲡。日本鳗鲡和美洲鳗鲡表现出较强的耐受性,养殖水体应严格限制Hg2＋的输入。     

名特水产养殖种类的营养与饲料讲座

第一讲鳗鱼（一）鳗鲡（鳗鱼）是我国经济鱼类之一，更是近年来名特优水产养殖种类之一。鳗鲡属鳗额目，鳗鲡亚目，鳗鲡科。全世界有19种（含亚种），其中17种分布于太平洋和印度洋．两种分布在大西洋。鳗鱼是降河性徊游鱼类。是人工养殖的主要对象，在东北亚，亦即中国、日本、韩国等地区主要以养殖日本鳗；在西欧葡萄牙、西班牙、法国、英国以及北欧瑞典、荷兰和地中海地区主要以养殖欧鳗为主；在大西洋西部美国、加拿大及墨西哥湾地区以主养美洲鳗。其它鳗鱼人工养殖也在开发试验之中。一、日本鳗的营养与饲料日本鳗属肉食性鱼类，并有明…     

Possible increase in catch of Atlantic elver Anguilla anguilla in 1993 and 1994

Data on catches of O+ elvers from nine countries in Europe and of juvenile eels ascending the St. Lawrence River in Canada are presented and compared with previous records. Consideration of a parallel decline in recruitment in Canada supports the theory that oceanic conditions are responsible for the observed fall in catches. A substantial increase in the Loire, to 95 tons in 1994, may indicate an overall improvement in stocks.     

欧鳗黑仔苗在不同盐度条件下生长效果的比较

本实验主要研究欧鳗黑仔苗在盐度分别为0、5、10和15的水体中的生长差异.实验结果表明,盐度对欧鳗黑仔苗的生长和体内蛋白酶活性具有显著的影响(P＜0.05);对欧鳗黑仔苗的成活率没有影响(P＞0.05);对欧鳗黑仔苗的总摄食量、饵料系数有显著的影响(P＜0.05).盐度为10时生长速度最快,饵料系数最低.     

On the actual recruitment of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in the River Ems,Germany

Data from the historical River Ems glass eel fisheries in the 20th Century have been used for the ICES recruitment series. Commercial catches ceased from 1980 and dropped to zero; thus, eel recruitment data are since lacking. The present study assessed the actual eel recruitment to the River Ems with regard to the local tidal conditions. Standardised measurements were performed on relative glass eel occurrence at the tidal weir from 2014 and quantitative sampling at the next weir upstream from 2013. Eel migration at the tidal weir was dominated by glass eels and increased 2–3 month earlier than at the upstream weir, where migration was dominated by pigmented eels. In 2016, glass eels were marked at the tidal weir and pigmented elvers were sampled at the upstream weir. The 2016 eel recruitment was estimated at about 1% of the mean historical recruitment. Eel recruitment at the two weirs was not directly linked. Many eels seem not to pass the upstream weir. Further investigations are needed to reveal whether the results represent a regular pattern. In the long run, the perpetuation of the recruitment series is also foreseen.     

Somatic growth, survival, feed utilization and starvation in European elver Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) under two different photoperiods

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of two photoperiod regimes under artificial conditions on growth performance and survival in the European eel Anguilla anguilla during the transition from glass eel to elver. The fish were held in 12-h-light:12-h-dark (12L:12D) and in continuous darkness (DD) in fed and fast trials lasting 80 days. Fed fish kept in the dark showed higher somatic growth, and a better feed conversion ratio, higher protein and lipid content, with significant differences between treatments. Dark environment increased the survival rate in comparison with fish exposed to 12L:12D, during which eels showed lower survival rates and greater variations in size. Fasted fish suffered loss of body mass in both photoperiods at the end of the experimental phase, but fish exposed to 12L:12D lost more body mass. These results indicate that the photoperiod is a key factor during the glass eel–elver stage, which may contribute to optimizing the early stages of eel culture.     

Effects of feeding stimulants on the feed consumption,growth and survival at glass eel and elver stages in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Elvers and glass eels of Anguilla anguilla were fed diets containing two types of feeding stimulants (FS) that were based on processed marine (MBFS) and yeast proteins (YBFS). Elvers (1.5 ± 0.3 g) were fed seven diets (MBFS and YBFS diets at 20 g kg^?1, 40 g kg^?1 and 60 g kg^?1 plus control) for 60 days. Glass eels (250 ± 100 mg) were weaned to 60 g kg^?1 MBFS, 60 g kg^?1 YBFS and control diets for 30 days. Diets containing 60 g kg^?1 FS had a beneficial effect in terms of growth, homogenous size distribution and feed intake in elvers. Elvers fed 60 g kg^?1 MBFS and YBFS diets grew 11.9% and 5.6% faster than the control group. No differences in growth and size distribution were detected in glass eels fed 60 g kg^?1 MBFS and YBFS diets. However, FS affected the digestive system maturation; fish fed the 60 g kg^?1 MBFS and YBFS diets showed higher and intermediate values in the specific enzyme activities in comparison with the control group. This study revealed that the incorporation of FS into a pelleted diet was beneficial on the overall performance of European glass eels and elvers. However, the observed results were different depending on the eel’s stage of development, as well as the type and inclusion level of the FS.     

Influence of the gametogenic cycle on the biochemical composition of the ovary of the great scallop

The oogenic cycle and biochemical composition of the ovary of raft-cultured great scallop (Pecten maximus) were studied during the period April 1990–July 1991. The ovary condition index (FGI) and stereological studies showed the existence of two principal spawning periods, winter and late spring-early summer. No sexual resting period was found. Oocyte lysis was high throughout the year. Ovarian lipid levels displayed a clear seasonal pattern linked to the gametogenic cycle. Total lipid (TL, 16–21% dry weight), acylglycerol (AG, 20–65% TL) and free sterol (FS, 2.8–6.4% TL) levels were, generally, higher in the ripe ovary and a decrease coincided with spawning. Protein (59–63% dry weight), glycogen (<3% dry weight) and phospholipid (PL, 26–35% TL) levels showed no clear seasonal trend. The TL and AG were a good index of ovarian sexual maturity. The TL % of dry weight) correlated well with the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.779, p < 0.001), and AG (% f TL) correlated well with the mean oocyte diameter (r _s = 0.630, p < 0.01) and the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.443, p < 0.05).     

温度对三疣梭子蟹行为的影响

描述了三疣梭子蟹的摄食、领域、防御、攻击及清洁行为。三疣梭子蟹在水温12℃以上摄食行为加强,领域与攻防行为也很明显,攻防主要其螯肢。三疣梭子蟹的清洁行为比较复杂,在光强度变化较大时较为明显,一般要持续15~20min。随着温度的降低,三疣梭子蟹的摄食、攻防、领域行为都明显减弱。     

沸石在河蟹育苗中的应用

在河蟹育苗中,利用沸石作水质净化剂．从幼体蚤状Ⅲ期始,每天在3个幼体培育池共90m3水体中投放200×10-6沸石。结果试验组每m3水体大眼幼体出苗量增加54g,效果明显。试验证实,投放沸石能吸附水中有机污染物,降解氨氮,净化水质,促进幼体正常变态发育。     

强化渔业安全保护渔民利益--学习《辽宁省海洋渔业安全管理条例》

辽宁是重要渔业省份之一，海岸线较长，渔船渔港众多，全省沿海25个县(市、区)拥有渔民20余万人，各类渔船3万多艘。长期以来，因海上生产条件差，环境极其恶劣，渔船比较分散，管理难度越来越大，渔业安全生产形势十分严峻，各类渔船海损事故频繁发生，给渔民造成极大损失，