一种长鳍型剑尾鱼的选育及遗传特性研究

通过燕尾红剑与鸳鸯剑杂交以及连续回交可以获得体色为红底黑纹的长鳍剑尾鱼,尾鳍为燕尾,体色似鸳鸯剑,故暂名长鳍鸳鸯剑.对杂交以及回交所产生的子代的体色及鳍形等性状所进行的统计分析的结果表明:随着长鳍鸳鸯剑辛与鸳鸯剑6的连续回交,子代中红黑体色的个体的比例从45.1%增加到90.1%.体色如鸳鸯剑那般红底黑条纹的个体的比例不断增加,说明体色方面可通过累代的选择使性状积累和加强,从而达到选育效果.从杂交以及连续回交,子代中燕尾和普通尾的比例各占一半左右这一特征,推断出尾鳍燕尾为显性,正常尾为隐性,同时推断长鳍个体雄性不育.     

渔业简讯

设3个试验组,以2种月光鱼与3种剑尾鱼进行属内种间杂交试验,并对子一代的眼睛色彩、体型、体色及雄鱼的尾鳍形状等与观赏性相关的表现性状进行了统计分析,初步判定:眼睛色彩的遗传规律为红色由隐性基因控制,黑色由显性基因控制;子一代体型、体色为中间型的比例均高于偏向父母一方的体型的比例;子一代中的雄鱼以继承母本月光鱼圆尾特征为主.     

剑尾鱼属鱼类种间杂交初探

设3个试验组, 以2种月光鱼与3种剑尾鱼进行属内种间杂交试验,并对子一代的眼睛色彩、体型、体色及雄鱼的尾鳍形状等与观赏性相关的表现性状进行了统计分析,初步判定:眼睛色彩的遗传规律为红色由隐性基因控制,黑色由显性基因控制；子一代体型、体色为中间型的比例均高于偏向父母一方的体型的比例；子一代中的雄鱼以继承母本月光鱼圆尾特征为主。     

彩鲫与红鲫杂交种体色遗传的初步研究

通过彩鲫与红鲫杂交、回交以及不同体色彩鲫（杂交种）自交、杂交,对其子代的体色性状进行了统计学分析。彩鲫与红鲫的体色遗传说明彩色受显性基因控制,红色受隐性基因控制;不同体色彩鲫自交、杂交,其后代的体色分离特性为肉色显性,红色隐性,亲本体色在后代中可以积累增加;肉色、红色彩鲫与眼睛颜色、闪光鳞数具遗传相关性。     

剑尾鱼的生活习性及人工繁育

剑尾鱼 (Ｘｉｐｈｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｈｅｌｌｅｒｉ ) ,别名剑鱼、青剑 ,英文名Ｓｗｏｒｄｔａｉｌ。隶属于花鳉科 (Ｐｏｅｃｉｌｉｉｄａｅ ) ,胎鳉属。原产地墨西哥、危地马拉。一、形态特征体呈纺锤型。剑尾鱼长至约 4月龄 ,雄鱼尾鳍的下叶延长 ,末端尖锐成剑状 ,剑尾呈绿色或橙色 ,边缘为黑色 ;而雌鱼无剑尾 (少数老年的雌鱼可能长出剑尾 ) ,但腹部较雄鱼膨大。雌鱼全长约 5～ 8ｃｍ ,雄鱼全长 7～ 11ｃｍ ;二者在体色上无明显区别。剑尾鱼的体色原本是浅蓝色 ,体侧有一条红色条纹自眼睛直达尾部。雄鱼的背鳍有红点 ,雌鱼无红点。剑尾鱼的…     

鲫鱼养殖技术之三红鳍银鲫人工繁殖技术研究

红鳍银鲫又名双线鲫,也叫泰国鲫、红鳍鲫,英文名Barbodes schwanengeldi,原产于泰国、马来西亚、印尼苏门答腊和加里曼丹岛等地,分类中属鲤科、鲃亚科、四须鲃属,鱼体约长30cm～50cm,外形很像我国的鲫鱼,但体幅宽且侧扁,体色清灰.红鳍银鲫的成鱼体色银白,背鳍、尾鳍鲜红色,背鳍边缘黑色,尾鳍上下边缘黑色;幼鱼没有色彩,成鱼则银鳞闪闪;雄鱼色彩鲜明,较细长,雌鱼体幅较高,腹部稍微隆起.     

绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育各阶段形态特征的研究

本文研究了绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)胚后早期发育各阶段可观、可量和可数性状的变化。结果显示，在水温为(23.0±1.0) ℃条件下，1 d出现胸鳍；4 d卵黄囊消失，鳔基和第1背鳍鳍基清晰可见；7 d油球消失，出现腹鳍；8 d第1背鳍鳍基和腹鳍出膜；9 d披透明圆形小鳞；12 d鳔和腹两侧后匙骨清晰可见；14 d出现第2背鳍支鳍骨和臀鳍支鳍骨；16 d披锥形小鳞，上、下颌出现锥形齿；19 d分化出第2背鳍鳍条和臀鳍鳍条；20 d尾柄下侧长出尾鳍鳍条；24 d时，第2背鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍的鳍条形态发育完全；27 d鳔大量充气。可量性状变化的曲线方程 R2 值均>0.90，第1背鳍鳍高，4~30 d呈指数递增；视囊0~11 和11~20 d为线性递增，0~11 d递增程度<11~20 d，21~30 d为指数递增；口裂4~13和22~30 d为线性递增，13~22 d为线性递减；全长、体长、体高和矢耳石直径等拐点前为线性递增，拐点后为指数递增，拐点集中在19~23 d。初孵仔鱼共27对肌节，头部6对，躯体21对；仔鱼末期，第2背鳍支鳍骨数为31~36根，臀鳍支鳍骨数为33~35根；稚鱼末期，第2背鳍和臀鳍鳍条数与支鳍骨数相对应，胸鳍鳍条数为15~18根，尾鳍鳍条数为12根；早期幼鱼45 d时，鳍条分节明显，第2背鳍鳍条2节，臀鳍鳍条3节，尾鳍鳍条为7~10节，50 d躯体4~5条黑色条带。研究较详尽地描述了绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育各阶段的形态特征，丰富了绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育基础资料，可为其苗种繁育提供指导。     

锦鲤苗种挑选的实用技术

锦鲤是风靡当今世界的一种高档观赏鱼。锦鲤品系由杂交选育而来,隐性基因和显性基因在子代的表型性状极不稳定,加之各种环境因素的限制,根据孟德尔遗传规律,两性生殖中基因分离和自由组合,即使表型一致的个体,其基因型也存在很大的差异,很难预测杂交子代花色。而在锦鲤的养殖和观赏过程     

剑尾鱼侏儒突变的骨骼异常及其遗传

以侏儒剑尾鱼为母本,与正常体型的雄性剑尾鱼进行交配,发现其后代的体型表现呈连续分布,部分与父本类似,部分与母本相仿,且存在中间类型,很难有明确的差别界限以区分个体表型的不同。后代中的侏儒个体主要表现为体型短,身体臃肿,游动笨拙,其体长和体高的比例出现了明显的变化。F₁自交和回交,结果显示:不同组合后代的体型也呈连续分布。剑尾鱼的侏儒性状可遗传,但后代的性状表现不只是一种表型,而是影响一组表型,符合数量性状遗传的基本特征,推测或为多个数量性状基因控制。通过对突变剑尾鱼骨骼形态的分析发现:侏儒剑尾鱼的脊柱长度明显变短,但脊椎骨数量与正常个体并无差异,都在26~29之间;突变体的椎体明显变短,脊椎的纵向发育受阻,髓棘、脉棘等排列紧密,发育也受影响。因而推测,剑尾鱼的侏儒突变是由于脊椎的发育缺陷所致,椎体异常是其体型变化的结构基础。鱼类是低等脊椎动物的代表,剑尾鱼侏儒突变个体不仅可育,其性状也能遗传,且与脊椎的发育关系密切,或可作为模型材料进行系统研究。     

黑玛丽养殖技术初探

<正>黑玛丽又名黑摩利、黑花鳉、黑姑娘,属胎鳉科、花鳉属,产地墨西哥及中美洲。其身体长纺锤形,头小,吻尖,尾柄侧扁,成年雄鱼体长5~6厘米,雌鱼体长可达7~8厘米。黑玛丽是常见热带鱼中唯一全身黑色的种类,乌黑如墨,包括眼睛在内,无一点杂色。琴尾黑玛丽尾鳍较大,上下端略延长较尖,并向内侧倾斜成弧形,其他鳍也较宽大;帆翅黑玛丽,背鳍高耸,均为珍贵品种。其代表鱼还有圆尾黑玛丽、燕尾黑玛     

Genetics of Body Color in Tilapia mossambica

Gold, bronze, and black (normal pigmentation) body colors in Tilapia mossambica are controlled by a single autosomal gene with incomplete dominant gene action: GG fish are black gg fish are gold; Gg fish are bronze. Because gold body color is produced by the recessive genotype, it is easy to produce and to maintain a truebreeding population of gold T. mossambica for commercial purposes. If all other colors are culled, the population will breed true, because gold × gold will always produce 100% gold offspring. The G gene will be a valuable genetic marker for many genetic studies, such as the production of gynogenetic T. mossambica .     

剑尾鱼RW-H近交系20个微卫星位点的遗传结构

为了对水生实验动物剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)RW-H系近交15代的遗传结构进行研究,寻找该近交系的标志基因位点,选择20个在野生剑尾鱼群体具多态性的微卫星位点,对剑尾鱼RW-H系(红眼白体)30尾个体进行分析。结果表明,其中有17个位点为单态,有可能作为该近交系的标志基因位点;另外3个位点Msa012、Msa033和Msc036具有多态性,多态信息含量值分别为0.3047、0.3457和0.3648。通过Pop-gene 3.2软件分析得知全部基因位点的纯合率达到了95.83%,个体间平均遗传距离为0.0482(0.000 0~0.1625),遗传相似系数为0.9518(0.8500~1.0000),说明剑尾鱼RW-H系已经具有很高的近交程度。几个多态性位点的发现,可以指导近交选育,加快选育进度。本研究方法不仅检测出剑尾鱼RW-H系具较低的遗传多样性,而且可为中国建立分子水平的实验动物监测标准提供基础数据。     

Effect of Light Intensity on Color Performance of False Clownfish,Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier

Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier, was examined under three levels of light intensity (20–50 , 600–850 , and 2700–3500 lx) for 5 wk. The experiment was conducted in nine rectangular glass aquaria (25 × 25 × 20 cm) with three replicates. Each aquarium was stocked with 36 fish, and 3 fish were randomly sampled from each aquarium every other week. Digital images were taken weekly on each individual fish after it was anesthetized in MS‐222. The color performance in hue, saturation, and brightness was quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole‐body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to assess the body position‐dependent effect. Furthermore, color differences between dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. The whole body was brighter at low light than at medium or at high light intensity. Irrespective of light intensity, the dorsal side was more orange but less bright than the ventral side. Brighter light strengthened overall orange color on fish fins. The dorsal fin and ventral fins appeared more orange than the anal and caudal fins regardless of light intensity and exposure duration. Similar to body color, low light also led to brighter fins, especially for caudal and dorsal fins. Our results indicate that ambient light could regulate fish color performance but could not change the pigment dominance by β‐carotene. Light intensity is unlikely to change the contrast between dorsal and ventral sides, but dim light tends to make fish body brighter, and bright light strengthens orange color on fins.     

金鱼主要质量性状在杂交子一代中遗传规律的初步研究

为研究金鱼主要质量性状的遗传规律,将具有头瘤、龙睛、珍珠鳞、无背鳍、双尾、三尾等变异性状的金鱼与具正常性状的金鱼进行正交和反交,统计杂交子一代的性状表现。结果显示,头瘤、龙睛、珍珠鳞、双尾和三尾均为隐性性状;无背鳍金鱼与正常背鳍金鱼杂交的结果出现了高比例的残背个体,说明无背鳍不是单一性状。研究表明,在金鱼的杂交选育中,须遵循变异性状的遗传规律,才能更快更好地达到生产和繁育高品质金鱼的目的。     

Impact of Background on Color Performance of False Clownfish,Amphiprion ocellaris,Cuvier

Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuvier was first examined at four color backgrounds (blue, green red, and white) for 4 wk, then all fish were transferred to a white background for another 4 wk to test whether the impact of background colors on fish skin could have a lasting effect when the environment colors are changed. The experiment was conducted in 10‐L rectangular plastic buckets with three replicates. Thirty fish were stocked in each bucket and three fish were randomly sampled from each tank in Weeks 1, 4, and 8. The color hue, saturation, and brightness were quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to examine the body position‐dependent response. Furthermore, color differences among the dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. Blue or green background enhanced red orange color on fish skin, whereas white background made fish color brighter. Irrespective of background color, the dorsal side of fish exhibited more red orange, but the color was less bright and less saturated than that of ventral side. Upper fins (dorsal and caudal fins) were more red orange in a blue background than in a white background. Transferring fish from colored backgrounds to a white background made the fish skin and fins brighter, the color of ventral body and ventral fins less saturated, and the bottom fins more yellow orange. The results indicate that blue or green background could strengthen the orange color, whereas white background made fish color less saturated but brighter. The impact of background on the performance of fish color is temporary and likely to disappear when environmental color changes.     

Saddleback: a dominant, lethal gene in Sarotherodon aureus (Steindachner) (=Tilapia aurea)

Abstract. S , a dominant, lethal, atitosomal gene, was discovered in Auburn University's population of Surotherodon aureus (= Tilapia auera ). When present in the heterozygous state ( S +). the S gene produces the saddleback phenotype. Saddlebacks are missing part of or all of the dorsal fin. Some fish thai are missing most of or the entire dorsal fin have additional fin disorders and are missing various combinations of the pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins. Each fin disorder is associated with gross skeletal anomalies. Viability in saddlebacks is reduced by 67% during the first three months of life. Those that survive are less resistant to stress and subsequent infection than normal fish. When challenged by Saprolcegnia sp., saddlebacks were far more susceptible to infection ( P <0.01). When present in the homozygous state ( SS ), the gene causes death in fry prior to swim-up. Thus, a single S gene reduces viability by 67%, and two S genes reduce viability by 100%. The S gene did not affect early growth or dressing percentage. Because it is a dominant gene, the S gene can be eliminated from any population in one generation by culling all saddlebacks.     

剑尾鱼在检测细菌毒力方面的应用

用１８株从鱼类所分离的细菌攻毒剑尾鱼,结果显示细菌对剑尾鱼的毒力与回归感染或攻毒敏感鱼的毒力结果较为一致,另外,用剑尾鱼感染病原菌的适宜途径为背肌注射,与原代比较,近交高代剑尾鱼个体之间对病原菌的反应较为一致,感染后死亡时间相对集中。水生实验动物剑尾鱼在检测鱼类细菌的毒力方面有较好的应用前景。     

微卫星标记在RR-B系剑尾鱼遗传监测中的应用

采用49对微卫星引物对RR-B系剑尾鱼和红眼红体的非选育系剑尾鱼进行PCR扩增，有46个微卫星座位能获得稳定的扩增产物，7个微卫星座位能区分RR-B系与非选育群体剑尾鱼。7个微卫星座位在选育系剑尾鱼为单态纯合，而在非选育群体具有多态性，座位Msa014鉴定RRB系剑尾鱼排除概率最高，为98.75%，座位Msd003排除概率最低达到了87.50%，其余5个座位排除概率介于两者之间。为方便今后的遗传监测，对RR-B系剑尾鱼样品的7个微卫星座位进行了测序，确定了其大小和具体的微卫星结构。本实验建立了RR-B系剑尾鱼分子检测方法，为实验动物剑尾鱼的遗传监测奠定了基础。图4表3参23     

盐度对云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara ♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinehelus lanceolatus ♂)受精卵孵化的影响及杂交仔稚幼鱼形态发育观察

以云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)为母本、鞍带石斑鱼(Epineheluslanceolatus)为父本进行种间杂交,观察比较了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45)条件下受精卵的孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率,以及仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育及形态变化;测定了盐度为30时,正常初孵仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)。结果显示,受精卵孵化的最适盐度范围是35–37,初孵仔鱼最适生存盐度为20–30。盐度为20–35时,仔鱼不投饵存活系数值较高(均在30以上);盐度为5、10、45时,仔鱼的SAI值较低。胚后发育根据卵黄囊的有无、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的伸长与收缩、鳞片及体色的变化,分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个时期。在本研究条件下,初孵至2日龄为前期仔鱼,初孵仔鱼全长为(1.959±0.152) mm,主要特征为卵黄囊和油球未被吸收消化;3–30日龄为后期仔鱼,3日龄仔鱼全长为(2.765±0.108) mm,主要特征是第2背鳍棘与腹鳍棘的绝对长度已达到仔、稚鱼阶段的最大值;31–45日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄稚鱼全长为(18.130±1.565) mm,主要特征为内脏器官发育完善、鱼体呈透明状;46日龄后进入幼鱼期,此时全长为(39.850±2.565) mm,体色形成、开始被鳞、体表布满细小的棕色斑点。