几种经济鱼类的血液学指标

国外利用血液学的方法研究鱼类，不论在学术上和生产中均取得了很大成绩。我国有关这方面的研究甚少。我们在进行莫桑比克罗非鱼无性杂交的过程中，顺便对几种经济鱼类的血液进行了初步的测定。血液用肝素钠盐作抗凝剂，红细胞，血红蛋白是应用“Coulter”ZF型计算器自动计数。白细胞分类百分比是根据血涂片分类镜检，现把几种经济鱼类的血液学指标介绍如下，仅供参考。     

几种深水网箱养殖鱼类行为习性的观察

运用鱼类生态学、鱼类行为学以及水产养殖学研究方法，对几种深水网箱养殖鱼类的行为习性进行了观察，结果表明：对干露的耐受力强弱依次为黑鲷、真鲷、鲈鱼、美国红鱼和大黄鱼；大黄鱼分布于中下层网箱边缘、集群、不争斗，美国红鱼均匀分布于中下层、集群、争斗激烈，鲈鱼均匀分布于中下层、较少集群、争斗激烈，真鲷分布于下、底层网箱边缘、较少集群、争斗，黑鲷分布于下、底层网箱边缘、较少集群、争斗；摄食节律明显，与潮水涨落有关，在接近早晨、傍晚的平潮或停潮时间内形成两个摄食高峰；对饵料具有选择性，对饥饿的耐受能力较强，不同投饵方式对鱼类摄食强度有影响，对饥饿的耐受力随着水温的降低而增强；7-8月份日平均摄食率最高，2月份最低，鱼类的摄食率与水温有密切的关系；昼夜活动习性不明显，流急时分布于网箱底部或下游网箱边缘，流缓时活动分布范围明显扩大；抗风、浪、流能力强弱依次为美国红鱼、鲈鱼、大黄鱼、黑鲷、真鲷。     

不同状态下大口鲇血液学研究

本文对在没状态下，大口鲇的血液学进行了研究，结果是大口鲇的正常情况下的各项血液指标均高于或略高于在饥饿或受伤情况下的血液指标：同时其白细胞的百分式也发生变化，在正常情况下淋巴细胞和嗜中性粒细胞居高，分别为３４．６５％和３３．６５％，嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞居中，而在饥饿和受伤时，嗜碱性细胞居高，分别为３３．３％和３６．７％，而嗜中性粒细胞较少，分别为１３．３％和５．６％，此外，还讨论血液指标的变     

不同温度下饥饿对鲫鱼生长的影响

饥饿是影响鱼类生长、发育和生存的重要因素之一，许多鱼类都可以忍受一定程度的饥饿，但不同鱼类对饥饿的耐受力和适应性不同。本文通过对不同温度下，处于饥饿状态的鲫鱼的生长进行分析，以了解饥饿对其生长产生的影响。     

斑鳢血液性状和生化指标的研究

斑鳢属鲈形目，鳢科，鳢属，是长江流域以南地区常见的名贵经济鱼类。一般体长20—50cm。由于其肉细腻鲜美、少鱼刺、且具有生肌补血的药用价值，近年来被大量捕捉使其野生资源量急剧减少。为了满足市场需求，很多地方开展人工养殖，并对其生物学和养殖进行了报道，但是对斑鳢血液性状及生化指标的研究报道很少。血液是动物体内循环系统的重要组成部分，起着物质运输、生理调节及生理防御等重要功能，正常的血液指标能反映物种的特性和生理状态，是物种种质标准的一个重要参数。本文对斑鳢血液性状及部分生化指标进行测定与分析，为斑鳢的种质资源开发、饲养繁殖及病理的研究提供血液学基础资料。     

饥饿对鱼类生理生化的影响

饥饿对鱼类有多方面的影响。着重讨论了饥饿状态下鱼类能量的利用以及饥饿状态下消化器官组织结构、消化酶活力、血液组分的变化。深入研究饥饿状态下鱼类生理生化变化,一方面有助于了解鱼类适应饥饿胁迫的生态对策,另一方面对渔业资源管理以及水产养殖生产等也有重要的指导意义。     

草鱼、鲤和鲢血液学指标的测定

<正> 血液有形成分及生化指标的测定和研究,在人类和牲畜中已取得大量成果,但对于鱼类,目前国内还报道不多。进行鱼类生化指标的检测和研究,不仅在鱼类血液生理的基础理论方面是重要的,而且在鱼类人工养殖、鱼病防治方面也是重要的。因此,我们测定了三种池塘养殖鱼类的血液有形成分和生化指标,以便探索鱼类血液学各种指标的正常值。一、材料和方法(一)实验材料草鱼、鲤、鲢为实验用鱼。草鱼和鲢取自天津武清县鱼种场、黄庄大队及北郊柳滩大队养鱼池。鲤鱼取自天津市水产研究所。     

革丽革干金鳟血液学指标的测定

用Botest—3100全自动细胞分析仪首次对革丽革干金鳟血液学指标进行了测定,并与虹鳟和一些鲤科鱼类作了比较。结果显示,由于遗传基础和生理机能的差异,使得革丽革干金鳟与虹鳟和一些鲤科鱼类在血液学指标上也存在一定差异。     

淡水黑鲷养殖技木

一、淡水黑鲷的生物学特性 淡水黑鲷隶属鲈形目，鲷科。它是澳大利亚特有的鱼类，也是世界少有的分布于淡水的鲷科鱼类。     

(革丽)靬金鳟血液学指标的测定

用Botest-3100全自动细胞分析仪首次对革丽革干金鳟血液学指标进行了测定,并与虹鳟和一些鲤科鱼类作了比较.结果显示,由于遗传基础和生理机能的差异,使得革丽靬金鳟与虹鳟和一些鲤科鱼类在血液学指标上也存在一定差异.     

Starvation before slaughtering as a tool to keep freshness attributes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Instrumental quality parameters related to freshness were evaluated for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after different storage periods on ice (2, 4, 7 and 11 days of storage) for one, four and eight days of pre-slaughter starvation. The study was carried out on 360 gilthead sea bream from five different groups reared on a commercial fish farm. Starvation period had a significant effect on fish texture: the force necessary to compress 4 mm of flesh after two days ice storage in 1 day starved fish (16.50 ± 0.59 Newtons) was less than that for four day (18.98 ± 0.63 Newtons) and eight day starved fish (20.43 ± 1.12 Newtons). Significant differences in flesh puncture and flesh compression were not detected, although these values did increase with increasing starvation period. A significant increase in pH and myofibrilar protein solubility was also detected for fish starved for one day.     

Energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Factorial determinations of energy and protein requirements in growing Sparus aurata were carried out at 23–24°C. The energy content in the whole fish was dependent on fish weight and ranged from 5 to 11 MJ kg⁻¹ body mass for 1–250 g fish, whereas the protein content remained constant at 179 g kg⁻¹.
During starvation the fish lost 42.5 kJ body weight (BW) (kg)^−0.83 day⁻¹ and 0.42 g protein BW (kg)^−0.70 day⁻¹. The maintenance requirement for energy was calculated to be 55.8 kJ BW (kg)^−0.83 day⁻¹ and for protein 0.86 g BW (kg)^−0.70 day⁻¹. Utilization of digestible energy and digestible crude protein below and at maintenance was determined as 0.72 and 0.51, respectively. Utilization of digestible energy and digestible crude protein for growth above maintenance was determined as 0.46 and 0.28, respectively.
These values allow estimation of requirements for growing Sparus aurata .     

饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响

设定不同饥饿时间研究养殖鲈鱼（Lateolabrax japonicus)血液生理和生化指标的变化，实验进行4周，每周取样，结果表明，血液中红细胞数，血红蛋白和红细胞比容分别在饥饿2周，2周和4周开始显著下降，而红细胞脆性和沉降率则分别在饥饿1周和3周显著上升，血糖浓度在饥饿第1周显著下降，以后几周则较为恒定，总蛋白，白蛋白和球蛋白在饥饿1周和2周时均有上升，3周后开始下降，甘油三脂和总胆固醇均在饥饿3周开始显著下降；Na^ 和Cl^-浓度在饥饿3周显著上升，谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力分别在饥饿2周和1周时显著下降，饥饿对K^ ,Ca^2 浓度和碱性磷酸酶活力没有影响，各项生理生化指标和饥饿时间的回归分析表明，均以3次多项式的R2值为最大，其中又以白蛋白和血红蛋白的R2值最大，分别为0．922和0．902，建议血红蛋白含量可作为鲈鱼饥饿评价的指标。     

短期饥饿对杂交石斑鱼 (Epinephelus fuscogutatus♀ ×E.polyphekadion♂)幼鱼消化酶活性与血清生化指标的影响

为了解短期饥饿对杂交石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscogutatus♀×E.polyphhekadion♂)幼鱼消化酶活性和血清生理生化指标的影响,对杂交石斑鱼幼鱼进行短期饥饿处理(0 d、5 d、10 d、15 d),分别为S0组、S1组、S2组和S3组,并以S0组为对照组。结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,各种消化酶活性呈下降趋势,淀粉酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势。血清碳水化合物、胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白等生化指标在饥饿前期显著降低(P<0.05),随后维持在相对稳定的水平。AST、ALT、ALP活性呈“下降-上升-下降”趋势。分析表明,在短期饥饿过程中,杂交石斑鱼幼鱼早期主要消耗碳水化合物和脂肪物质,后期主要以蛋白质代谢能量来维持生命活动,短期饥饿并没有对杂交石斑鱼造成不可逆转的肝脏损伤。     

Combined Effects of Cycled Starvation and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Oxygen Consumption of Gilthead Sea Bream,Sparus aurata

Triplicate groups of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (10.4 g), were distributed among 27 tanks (12 fish per tank) and reared in flow‐through seawater. A factorial experiment (3 × 3) was designed to include a continuously fed control group and two cycled starvation groups: 1 + 3 (starved 1 d, fed 3 d), 1 + 5 (starved 1 d, fed 5 d). Each of the feeding groups was subjected to one of three feeding frequencies (2, 4, and 6 times per day) over the 60‐d experiment duration. The average final weight of fish in 1 + 3 and 1 + 5 groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. Partial compensation was observed in the starved groups subjected to any of the three feeding frequencies. Regardless of the feeding frequency, control fish consumed less feed than the starved groups. The highest body protein content was found in the control group. The rate of oxygen consumption significantly increased 30 min after the feeding and the magnitude of the effect increased with the feeding frequency. These results suggest that the present cycling starvation schedules did not invoke a full compensation in gilthead sea bream.     

Effect of Photoperiod Manipulation on Growth Performance,Physiological and Hematological Indices in Juvenile Persian Sturgeon,Acipenser persicus

The effect of five different light regimes on growth, stress and hematological indices was studied in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. Fish with average weight of 645.3 ± 11.2 g were subjected to different photoperiods (24 L, 12 L:12 D, 16 L:8 D, 8 L:16 D and 24 D) for 8 wk. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for measuring cortisol, glucose and hematological features. The whole growth parameters showed no significant difference. Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly higher in 12 L:12 D, while the lowest level was observed in fish exposed to 24 D. No significant changes were observed among the treatments for glucose concentration. Lactate concentration varied significantly among the treatments. Some hematological indices including hematocrit and number of white blood cells were affected by different light regimes, but the others (hemoglobin and number of red blood cells) were not affected significantly. The results showed that photoperiod manipulation can alters some stress‐related metabolites and may enhance growth rate in fish exposing to continuous darkness.     

Effects of dietary administration of Echinacea purpurea on growth indices and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Echinacea purpurea (EP) on growth and some hematological and blood biochemical indices of rainbow trout fingerlings. A basal diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g EP kg?1 to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with an initial average weight of approximately 8 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg?1 showed highest final weight and SGR and fish fed with the control diet indicated the lowest final weight and SGR. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in FCR between the control group and the groups fed with diets of 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg?1. Biochemical parameters such as serum total protein content, albumin content, globulin content, and albumin/globulin ratio in the fish were evaluated. There were significant differences between hematological parameters including RBC, WBC, HB, lymphocyte, and neutrophil percentage in fish fed with dietary nucleotide compared with control treatment (P < 0.05). The results suggest that EP administration at 0.25 and 0.5 g EP kg?1 exerted positive effects on growth and biochemical and hematological indices in rainbow trout.     

Physiological responses of great sturgeon (Huso huso) to different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anesthetic

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) as an anesthetic in great sturgeon under two experiments. First, fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9?mL/L 2-PE, and time to induction (deep anesthesia) and recovery from anesthesia were measured. At concentration of 0.1?mL/L, 2-PE failed to induce deep anesthesia in fish, whereas at concentrations of 0.7 and 0.9?mL/L, all the fish were anaesthetized within 3?min of exposure. For assessing the impact of effective concentrations of 2-PE on physiological responses of great sturgeon, hematological indices, plasma metabolites, electrolytes, enzymes and cortisol levels were measured. The use of 2-PE induces a significant increase in RBC values at 0.3?mL/L concentration and a parallel increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit values. 2-PE anesthesia had no effect on WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC levels when compared to control group. Serum glucose, cholesterol and cortisol levels were significantly high in 0.3 and 0.5?mL/L 2-PE. Moreover, AST levels were increased in fish exposed to the 0.3?mL/L 2-PE comparing with the control group (P?<?0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of total protein, triglycerides, ALP, ALT, Cl^?, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. In this study, alteration in hematological and serum biochemical indices was time-dependent. This study demonstrates that rapid induction of deep anesthesia with a relatively high concentration of 2-PE (0.7 and 0.9?mL/L) was associated with the lowest effects on the hematological and serum biochemical indices in great sturgeon and therefore would be recommended as eligible doses for hematological studies in this species.     

Effects of Restricted Feeding Regimes on Growth and Feed Utilization of Juvenile Gilthead Sea Bream, Sparus aurata

The effect of restricted feeding on growth, feed efficiency, and body composition was studied in juveniles of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Juveniles (6.4 g) were stocked into 12 tanks at a density of 16 fish per tank. Four different feeding schedules were tested on triplicate groups of juvenile fish: (1) control fed for 48 d without deprivation, (2) starvation for 1 d and then refed for 2 d (S1), (3) 50% satiation for 2 d and then refed to apparent satiation for 2 d (R2), and (4) 50% satiation for 6 d and then refed to apparent satiation for another 6 d (R6). Results indicated that all fish subjected to cycled restricted feeding regimes were unable to achieve catching up with control group. The specific growth rate of fish in the control was significantly higher than those in S1, R2, and R6, which were not significantly different from each other. Protein efficiency and protein productive value were significantly higher in R2 compared to control, S1, and R6. Fish in R2 had lowest feed conversion ratio (1.12) compared to the control (1.17). Body protein composition in R6 was less than that of the control, S1, and R2, while moisture, lipid, and ash content were not significantly different compared to the control.