虾池浮游植物初级生产力的研究

用黑白瓶测氧法对辽宁省庄河青堆水产公司虾池整个养殖期间（5～9月）浮游植物初级生产力进行研究。虾池浮游植物的初级生产力为（5．45±2．36）gO2／（m2·d），日P／B系数为2．39（0．67～6.66），浮游植物对太阳有效辐射的利用率为0．78（0．24～2．18）％，浮游植物毛产量到虾产量的转化效率为7．41％；回归分析表明，浮游植物生物量和太阳有效辐射量是决定虾池浮游植物初级生产力大小的主要因子。磷是虾池营养盐的第一限制因子，氮是第二限制因子。     

报刊要闻

<正> 虾池初级生产力 用黑白瓶测氧法对辽宁省庄河青堆水产公司虾池整个养殖期间(5～9月)浮游植物初级生产力进行研究。虾池浮游植物的初级生产力为(5.45±2.36)gO_2(m~2·d),日P/B系数为2.39(0.67～6.66),浮游植物对太阳有效辐射的利用率为0.78(0.24～2.18)％,浮游植物毛产量     

滩涂池塘养殖鳗鱼技术

为了开发利用滩涂资源 ,江苏中洋集团在黄海滩涂老坝港垦区挖了连片的池塘来发展池塘养鳗。现将养殖技术总结如下。1　基本条件池塘 4口 ,编号为 1 0 2号、2 0 1号、2 0 2号和 2 0 7号 ,每口池塘养鱼面积为 0 .6 6ｈｍ2 ,水深 0 .8～ 1 .2ｍ。养殖期间 ,水温 1 6 .6～32 .2℃ ,透明度 2 4～ 41ｃｍ ,ｐＨ值 8.5 8～ 9.1 0 ,总碱度 7.2 0～ 7.6 1毫克当量 /Ｌ ,总硬度 1 .97～ 2 .36毫克当量 /Ｌ ,浮游植物量 1 .979～ 9.6 5 8ｍｇ/Ｌ浮游动物量 1 .6 42 8～ 5 .46 95ｍｇ/Ｌ。2　养殖技术2 1　苗种放养放养种类有美洲鳗、日本鳗和欧洲鳗三…     

本溪市三道河水库渔业资源调查及开发

20 0 3年 5～ 1 0月 ,对本溪市三道河水库渔业资源进行了调查 ,结果表明 :浮游植物平均生物量为 1 . 393mg/L ,浮游动物的平均生物量为 0 . 61 89mg/L ,初级生产力为0 .788～ 1 .41 7g·O2 /m2 ·d ,水库属于中营养类型 ,水库渔产潜力为 1 6 .895t,并提出了合理利用及开发意见。     

不同氮磷比对池塘初级生产力的影响

为探究池塘施肥时,不同氮磷比对生产力的影响,通过设定氮磷比分别为3:1、4:1、5:1、6:1、7:1、8:1、9:1和10:1试验组与对照组测定池塘初级生产力,结果表明:各试验组与对照组比较初级生产力均差异显著(P0.05),其中以第八组(9:1)浮游植物优势种类、数量最多,生物量最大,对提高池塘水体初级生产力效果最佳。     

生物絮团对鲤鱼养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响

为了解生物絮团技术在净化池塘水质的同时对池塘初级生产力的影响,干2015年9月10月对陕西团头鲂良种场鲤鱼池塘的浮游植物群落结构进行了调查研究。结果显示:生物絮团池塘共出现浮游植物6门28种,其中绿藻门有17种,占总种类数的65.4%,硅藻门有5种,占总种类数的19.2%,浮游植物群落结构类型属绿藻硅藻型。浮游植物生物密度变化范围为1 372.82×10~4~3 093.71×10~4 ind./L,平均值为2 217.07×10~4 ind./L;生物量变化范围为3.5 3~12.87 mg/L,平均值为7.88 mg/L。浮游植物生物密度和生物量均在9月15日出现峰值,峰值期以后浮游植物密度和生物量在时间和空间上差异性显著(P0.05)。研究表明,生物絮团技术对池塘浮游植物群落结构影响较大,随着絮团的逐渐形成浮游植物群落结构出现明显变化,池塘藻相演替速度加快。     

莱州湾东部养殖区浮游植物的生态特征

阐述了莱州湾浅海养殖区浮游植物的生物量、种类组成、赤潮生物和群落结构特征。 1997年5～ 12月间浮游植物数量的变动范围为 19.0 0～ 6873.5× 10 3cell/m3,浮游植物的数量高峰出现在秋季 9月 ,最低值出现在春季 5月。共检出浮游植物 2 5属 61种。其中硅藻 2 1属 5 5种 ,占 89.1% ;甲藻有 3属 6种 ,占 9.4 % ;蓝藻 1属 1种 ,占 1.5 %。另共出现赤潮生物 2 6种 ,占总种数的 4 2 .6%。并采用生物多样性指数、种类丰富度指数、均匀度指数和单纯度指数分析了调查海域浮游植物的群落结构特征。     

轮虫培育池不同粒级藻类对浮游植物生物量和生产量的贡献

研究了流水轮虫培育池(14^#)、静水轮虫培育池(15^#)和轮虫饵料培养池(11^#)中不同粒级浮游植物，特别是超微藻类对浮游植物叶绿素和初级生产力的贡献。结果表明，在14^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的3．7％、82．9％和13．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的13．6％、66．0％和20．4％。在11^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．5％、16．1％和79．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的9．0％、78．9％和12．1％。在15^#池超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．7％、22．3％和73．0％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的12．4％、60．8％和27．8％。水体中的初级生产力主要是由微型藻类提供，占总量的60．8％～78．9％，在轮虫培育池生态系统中微型藻类是主要生产者。     

池塘淤泥的理化性质和微生物活性的初步研究

对珠江三角洲地区六口不同养殖水平的池塘沉积的淤泥的研究表明：亩净产500公斤左右的混养池塘淤泥的年沉积厚度约为10～15厘米，每立方米淤泥湿重1040公斤，其含水量为76．3％。沉积的淤泥大部分来源于投放的而未被鱼类彻底利用的肥饲料。但是，起源于浮游植物初级生产力的淤泥，也可占池塘淤泥总量的24～36％。     

龙头水库浮游植物初级产量、浮游生物生物量和鲢鳙鱼产力的研究

1978-1979年在龙头水库进行了浮游植物初级产量和浮游生物生物量的研究。浮游植物初级产量每昼夜平均为1．88克碳／米^2。浮游植物和浮游动物生物量分别为5：764mg／L和0：587mg／L。用龙头水库的实例来讨论水域生态系的供饵能力、鲢鳙鱼产力和鱼种的合理放养量。     

中国对虾卵水的特性和精子的应答

研究了中国对虾卵水的采集、保存方法、紫外吸收特性和有效期等方面的内容，并应用卵水研究了交尾期虾、雌虾及产卵期雌虾精荚或纳精囊中精子对卵水的应答开始时间、必要的反应时间等响应卵水的时间特性以及精子的存活期等。结果表明，卵水经液氮保存或先经液氮后转入普通冰柜保持冻结状态７个月后诱导精子激活效力无显著差异。精子在自然温度（１０℃）普通海水中可在１０ｈ内保持对卵水的响应能力。交尾期精子最初响应卵水有５￣１     

Patterns of oxygen production and consumption in intensively managed marine shrimp ponds

Abstract. Temporal trends were determined for primary production and respiration in marine shrimp ponds. Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and water temperature were monitored in four marine shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone and P. monodon Fabricius , ponds during the grow-out. Wind speed was also measured. Pond production and respiration were estimated based on DO curves. Trend analysis revealed a significant decline in pond net production during grow-out. Ponds were autotrophic at the start of grow-out but heterotrophic at the end. Pond respiration, adjusted for water temperature, increased during grow-out. Temporal trends in pond gross production appeared to be influenced by seasonal patterns in solar radiation intensity. Pond sediments and water column were the chief consumers of oxygen in the pond, accounting for 51% and 45%, respectively, of the total pond oxygen consumed. Despite showing a marked increase during grow-out, shrimp respiration rate was of relatively minor importance in the pond oxygen budget. Pond management strategies to maintain positive pond net production and to mitigate the impact of sediment respiration on pond DO were recommended.     

复合微生物制剂在日本鳗鲡土池精养中的应用

本研究开展了对日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica) 精养殖土池,定期泼洒施用一种复合微生物制剂（Freshplus净水剂）的对比试验,定期监测了处理组和对照组池塘的水温、pH、溶氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、COD、碱度等水质指标,并分析对比了鳗鱼养殖效果。结果表明：Freshplus净水剂的施用能显著降低鳗鱼土池水体氨氮浓度60.5% (p＜0.05)、显著提高鳗鱼生长速度33.0% (p＜0.05),降低饲料系数9.6% (p＜0.1)。     

Water budgets for fish ponds in the dry tropics

Water budgets were calculated for embankment fish ponds located in the dry tropics. Two 5-month studies were conducted at Comayagua, Honduras. Daily pond evaporation averaged 0·55 ± 0·22 and 0·64 ± 0·17 cm during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Pond evaporation was 14·5% greater during study 2. Significantly greater pond evaporation was measured during the 3 driest months compared to the 3 rainiest months. Mean daily seepage ranged from 0·11 to 0·43 cm and from 0·06 to 0·60 cm during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Total rainfall during study 1 exceeded that during study 2 by 43%. Regulated inflow water was required every month to replace water losses to pond evaporation and seepage. Pond evaporation accounted for 70% of total water loss during both studies, while seepage accounted for the remaining water loss. Rain accounted for 45·5 and 21·8% of gains during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Regulated inflow water accounted for 52·8 and 77·9% of the respective gains.     

浅议养鳗池中的微囊藻

养鳗池中常易引起微囊藻“水华”,国内外一些养鳗技术资料对此藻类的存在和大量繁殖持肯定态度,认为有利于增氧,除氨氮,笔者则认为,微囊藻产生的毒素对鱼类有害,鳗池中培养绿藻（如小球藻等）同样能起到增氧,除氧作用,我国的传统养鱼经验之一,掌握池水的“肥、嫩、爽”也适用于养鳗生产。     

Chemical Budgets for Organically Fertilized Fish Ponds in the Dry Tropics

Chemical budgets were determined for nitrogen, phosphorns, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand for three 0.1-ha earthen ponds stocked with Onwchrornis nilotieus at the El Carao National Fish Culture Research Center, Comayagna, Honduras, for two 150-d culture periods, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons. Layer chicken litter was added to ponds weekly at 500 kg dry matter/ha. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in pond water increased during each season. No significant seasonal differencea in concentrations of water quality variables were observed. Chicken litter added to ponds represented 92–94% of N input, 93–95% of P input, and 43–52% of COD input. Photosynthesis by phytoplnnkton provided 47–56% of COD and 98% of dissolved oxygen (DO) added to ponds. Net inward diffnsion of oxygen added 1.2–1.5% of total DO. Regulated inflow was a minor source of nutrients, and contributed 3–4% of input N, 3–4% of input P, 1% of COD input, and 1% of DO input. Nutrient inputs from rain were ≤1% of total for each nutrient. Fish harvest accounted for 18–21% of total N, 16–18% of total P and 2% of COD added to ponds. Community respiration accounted for 48–57% of COD and 99.5% of DO added to ponds. Nutrient losses in pond effluent at draining were: 7–9% of total N, 29–37% of total P and 2–3% of COD. While measured gains exceeded measrued losses, significpntly greater N, P and organic matter concentrations in pre-drain samples indicated pond mud was a major sink for added nutrients, accumulation in mud represented 70% of total N, 35–40% of total P, and 38–46% of COD.     

盐碱池塘浮游动物的种类组成和生物量

１９９７年４月５日至１９９８年９月１日对山东高青盐碱池塘浮游动物的种类组成和季节变动进行了研究，结果表明，高青盐碱池塘含盐量变动于１.36-20g.G^-1，总碱度变动于２.4-72.mmol.L^-1,pH值８－９浮游动物主要是淡水盐种或喜盐种，一些是典型的盐水种，浮游动物优势种有团焰毛虫，双环栉毛虫，锥瓶口虫，瓜形膜袋虫，旋回侠盗虫和绿色前管虫（原生动物），褶皱臂尾轮虫，暗小异尾轮虫，萼花臂尾轮虫，角突臂尾轮虫，壶状臂尾轮虫，卜氏晶囊轮虫，简单前翼轮虫，角三肢轮虫和针族多肢轮虫（轮虫）微型裸腹和长肢秀体（枝角类），细巧华哲水蚤，近邻剑水蚤和台液温剑水蚤，（桡足类），无鱼对照池和新挖池塘的浮游动物生物量均较一般养鱼池塘的高。     

Effects of Water Quality,Weather and Lunar Phase on Crawfish Catch1

The relationship between water quality, weather, lunar phase and daily changes in crawfish (Proearnbums clurkii) catch per unit effort (CPUE) was determined in five experimental crawfish ponds from March through May, 1984 and 1985. Air and water temperatures, solar radiation, dissolved oxygen, wind velocity, barometric pressure, precipitation and lunar phase were recorded daily during the harvesting phase of the study. Crawfish CPUE (g/trap/24 h) was significantly correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, lunar phase, barometric pressure, wind velocity and the relative density of harvestable size crawfish. Most statistically significant environmental or climatological variables explained less than 20% total daily variation in crawfish CPUE. The nine environmental variables were reduced to four factors—temperature-harvestable crawfish, cold fronts, rain showers, and lunar phase—with principal-components analysis. Eighty-five percent of the variation in daily crawfish catch was attributed to water temperature and relative density of harvestable crawfish, and 7.1% was explained by lunar phase. Rain showers and cold fronts accounted for 4.8 and 2.5% of the daily variation in crawfish CPUE, respectively. Crawfish catch increased with an increase in water temperature and relative abundance of harvestable crawfish, and with short duration rain showers. Conversely, crawfish CPUE declined with the approach of full moon and with passage of cold fronts.     

Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture

Standardized evaluation and rating of biofilters for aquaculture should be assessed in the context of the economic efficiency of ecological services (waste assimilation, nutrient recycling, and internal food production) provided by earthen ponds, and the availability and cost of land, water, and electrical energy resources required to support particular classes of production systems. In photosynthetic suspended-growth systems, water quality control is achieved by a combination of natural and mechanical processes. Natural processes include photosynthesis of oxygen, algal nutrient uptake, coupled nitrification–denitrification, and organic matter oxidation; mechanical processes include aeration and water circulation. Ammonia is controlled by a combination of phytoplankton uptake, nitrification, and immobilization by bacteria. Unlike biofilters for recirculating aquaculture systems, unit processes are combined and are an integral part of the culture unit. The important design and operational considerations for photosynthetic suspended-growth systems include temperature effects, aeration and mixing, quantity and quality of loaded organic matter, and fish water quality tolerance limits. The principle advantages of photosynthetic suspended-growth systems are lower capital costs relative to other recirculating aquaculture systems and increased control over stock management relative to conventional static ponds. The main disadvantage is the relatively low degree of control over water quality and phytoplankton density, metabolism, and community composition relative to other recirculating aquaculture systems. Examples of photosynthetic suspended-growth systems include semi-intensive ponds, intensively aerated outdoor lined ponds, combined intensive–extensive ponds, partitioned aquaculture systems, greenwater tanks, greenwater tanks with solids removal, and greenwater recirculating aquaculture systems.     

ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY IN THREE ECOLOGICAL TYPES OF POND IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA IN CHINA

本文研究了珠江三角洲三种不同生态类型池塘的能量转换效率。三种不同类型的池塘分别是：１）静水塘，面积０．２４７ｈａ，试验期间不换水，也没有其它增氧设施；２）加水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天加水２，７００－３，０００Ｍ３／ｈａ；３）微流水塘，面积０．１９３ｈａ，每天由潮汐自然进水３０，２５５－４２，４８０Ｍ３／ｈａ。另外，加水塘和微流水塘各配一台３千瓦的叶轮式增氧机，在鱼浮头时使用。结果表明增加池塘的换水量可以增加鱼产量，提高池塘的能量转换效率。还表明换水量大的池塘其生物能占的比例较大，而光合能占的比例则较小。为提高池塘的能量转换效率和鱼产量，必须增加“直食性”鱼类的放养量、减少“滤食性”鱼类的放养量。