鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素和正交试验研究了鱿鱼精巢提取鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的优化工艺,并对优化工艺提取的鱿鱼鱼精蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为硫酸浓度0.3M、硫酸用量为3倍、提取次数2次、冷乙醇用量为3倍;该条件下,鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的得率为3.42％,蛋白质含量达93％,且氨基酸组成齐全,碱性氨基酸占26.20％,其中精氨酸占9.61％,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果分析表明其组成成分比较复杂.     

调味鱿鱼的加工工艺

调味鱿鱼制品是以冷冻鱿鱼为原料经调味干燥而成的调味干燥食品,既可以直接包装销售,又可以做为加工鱿鱼丝的半成品原料,是很受欢迎的休闲食品和下酒菜肴。 鱿鱼加工产品很多,调味鱿鱼干和调味鱿鱼丝是两种颇具代表性的加工产品。本文就来料加工销往日本的调味鱿鱼制品的加工工艺介绍如下: 一、调味鱿鱼片 (一)加工工艺:原料→解冻→去头、去尾、去内脏→剖腹→浸烫→冷却→拌料→腌渍→摆片→干燥→揭片→包装→成品→入库冷藏 (二)技术要求: 1.原料:采用进口冷冻阿根廷鱿鱼为原料。     

聚磷酸盐在单冻鱿鱼肉片生产中的应用

本文通过试验和方差分析,研究了不同盐类及其浓度和浸泡时间对鱿鱼肉片保水性的影响。结果表明,鱿鱼肉片的最适保水工艺条件是:食盐浓度0.5％,三聚磷酸盐0.5％,浸泡时间7-8h。     

碱液浸提法制备硫酸软骨素的工艺优化

采用碱液浸提法对鱿鱼软骨中硫酸软骨素的提取工艺进行研究。以硫酸软骨素得率为评价指标,通过对影响硫酸软骨素得率的因素进行单因素试验和响应面优化试验确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明,碱液浸提的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶8( g/mL)、浸提温度50℃、浸提时间5．3 h, NaOH浓度3%。在此条件下,鱿鱼软骨中硫酸软骨素得率为62．89%。     

基于高温非酶途径的秘鲁鱿鱼内源性甲醛的控制

以甲醛(FA)为指标筛选确定了秘鲁鱿鱼抑制剂种类,分析了抑制剂作用特性,采用单因素和正交试验设计优化了FA抑制剂组合和作用浓度。结果表明,柠檬酸(CA)、CaCl2、MgCl2、茶多酚(TP)、桑叶黄酮(MF)能有效抑制秘鲁鱿鱼肌肉和上清液高温FA形成,Na2SO3、Fe2++Asc、Fe2++Cys促进鱿鱼FA的生成。低浓度CA、CaCl2和TP能减少鱿鱼上清90%以上的FA,最佳抑制浓度分别为10mmol/L、10mmol/L和0.1%。抑制剂CA、CaCl2、MgCl2能显著减少鱿鱼高温氧化三甲胺(TMAO)分解生成FA、二甲胺(DMA)和三甲胺(TMA),而TP和MF能有效结合鱿鱼高温生成的FA。通过正交试验确定了最佳FA抑制剂组,即为0.04%TP、10mmol/CaCl2。该复合抑制剂能显著降低鱿鱼片中的FA和DMA含量,对蛋白含量无显著影响。结果表明,复合抑制剂对鱿鱼等水产品加工中FA控制具有一定的应用前景。     

出口去皮鱿鱼加工工艺

去皮鱿鱼是目前我国出口欧美水产品市场的一大品种，仅汕头口岸每年出口数量就达１万吨，具有产量大、产值高、加工工艺简单的特点，下面简单介绍出口去皮鱿鱼的加工工艺； １．原料验收：由当地的鱼船采购，也有用进口的加州鱿鱼进行加工，但品质稍次。原料验收应注意其色泽、弹性，清除不新鲜原料，必要时用理化、微生物方法进行检验。 ２．分级：新鲜鱿鱼放在工作台上按胴体长度进行分级，分为７．６２～１２．７ｃｍ、１２．７～２０．３２ｃｍ、２０．３２～３０．４８ｃｍ三个等级，此过程中应注意保持鱿鱼盖有碎冰，不同的规格的鱿鱼…     

响应面法优化鱿鱼皮酶解工艺研究

为研究木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的最佳酶解条件,通过单因素试验研究了酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度对鱿鱼皮水解度的影响。结果显示,3个因素对鱿鱼皮水解度均有不同程度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以水解度为响应值,酶添加量、酶解时间和酶解温度为自变量,采用Box-Benhnken响应面法设计3因素3水平优化试验,通过响应面分析,建立了二次多项数学模型对酶解条件进行优化,获得木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的最佳条件:酶添加量4 560 U/g,酶解时间3.2 h和酶解温度50℃。在该条件下木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的水解度可达15.53%,与模型预测值基本一致。研究表明,通过响应面法获得的数学预测模型能较好地预测木瓜蛋白酶酶解鱿鱼皮的效果,试验结果为鱿鱼加工副产物高值化利用提供了参考。     

鱿鱼肝油微胶囊化技术研究

试验采用鱿鱼肝油为芯材,辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯为主要壁材,以壁材比例、乳液浓度、油脂添加量、喷雾进风温度等为单因素进行微胶囊化工艺研究,并利用响应面分析法对鱿鱼肝油微胶囊化工艺进行优化。结果表明,以微胶囊包埋率为响应值,壁材比例、乳液浓度及进风温度为响应因子,建立回归模型,该模型能够较好预测鱿鱼肝油微胶囊化效果;并得到最优工艺参数为:壁材比例(HI-CAP100∶环糊精)92∶23,乳液浓度21%,喷雾进风温度171℃,微胶囊包埋率为94.09%。     

水产品冷冻小包装加工及失重试验

大力开展预制水产品冷冻小包装食品的开发和生产,是我国的冷冻食品加工业正在走向现代化的重要标志.本文结合近年来的生产实践,介绍了水发鱿鱼,海鳗段冷冻小包装的加工工艺及水发鱿鱼、鱼、海鳗段冷冻小包装经不同的冻结装置冻结、低温贮藏、水解冻后的鱼体失重试验.同时,对造成鱼体失重的原因进行了分析与探讨.     

小鱿鱼片的加工新法

小鱿鱼,又名笔管蛸、仔乌等,它的传统加工一般采用盐干或煮熟晒干的方法,这两种方法都使产品的价值低,营养受损失.山东省乳山县水产供销公司在1982年采用了一项新的加工工艺,将小鱿鱼开片加工成生淡干品,工艺合理,造型美观,保持了产品的原有风味和营养成分,再加上装璜精致.深受消费者欢迎.其加工方法是:选择鲜度好,个体大的小鱿鱼     

鲍鱼冷风干燥和自然晾晒试验的比较分析

研究皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)在冷风干燥和自然晾晒两种干燥方式下的干燥速率、色泽、酸性粘多糖和总糖含量,以及微观结构变化的差异,并进行分析比较。在实验室内采用冷风干燥试验机和自然晾晒方式进行鲍鱼干燥试验。结果显示:当鲍鱼样品干基含水率从238%下降到16%以下时,冷风干燥所需时间约为122 h,是自然晾晒的70%;至干燥完成时冷风干燥鲍鱼多糖含量高于自然晾晒样品;冷风干燥样品通透性明显优于晾晒样品;两种干燥样品的微观结构差异性不明显。综合分析得出,与自然晾晒相比,冷风干燥方式具有干燥时间短,干燥过程易于控制,品质和卫生条件好,适合工业化生产等优点,是一种较佳的鲍鱼干制方法。     

干燥方法及保存条件对小球藻粉脂肪酸含量和种类组成的影响

研究了低温烘干、真空冻干和微波干燥3种干燥方式对蛋白核小球藻粗脂肪、脂肪酸含量和种类组成的影响及不同保存条件下脂肪酸的变化规律。试验结果表明,低温烘干藻粉的粗脂肪含量明显低于真空冻干藻粉和微波干燥藻粉。3种干燥方式对小球藻脂肪酸含量无显著影响,但藻粉颜色明显不同。藻粉脂肪酸含量与鲜藻之间无显著差异。在小球藻粉保存过程中,脂肪酸种类组成保持不变。藻粉在常温(14.5～18.5℃)下保存半年、4℃下保存1年时,多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著减少,饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著增加。在-24℃下保存1年时,各脂肪酸含量无明显变化。     

Drying Kinetics and Quality Characteristics of Slightly Salted Grass Carp Fillets by Hot Air Drying and Vacuum Microwave Drying

Salted grass carp fillets were dried by hot air drying (HD, at 35 and 45°C) and vacuum microwave drying (VMD, at 1, 4, and 7 W/g) to a final moisture content. Compared with hot air drying, the vacuum microwave drying greatly reduced drying time. The rehydration rate constant of salted grass carp fillets dried by microwave vacuum drying at 7-W/g microwave intensity was significantly higher than that of the hot air drying at 35 and 45°C. Compared with hot air drying, the vacuum microwave dried samples had a higher crude fat content (dry basis). The lightness of the samples dried by vacuum microwave drying was higher, and the yellowness was lower than those dried by hot air drying. The drying methods had no significant effect on the hardness and springiness.     

不同干燥方式对卵形鲳鲹鱼片风味的影响

为探究不同方式干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的风味差异,实验选取冰鲜卵形鲳鲹为原料,采用热风干燥、热泵干燥和冷冻干燥3种方式干制卵形鲳鲹鱼片,分别测定并分析其TBA值、呈味核苷酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质等指标。结果显示,干燥后的卵形鲳鲹鱼片中TBA值与K值均显著上升,其中冷冻干燥鱼肉的TBA值仅比冰鲜鱼片增加1.6倍,但热泵干燥和热风干燥则分别增加了5.5和4.5倍。干燥后鱼肉中的总游离氨基酸含量及味精当量较冰鲜卵形鲳鲹鱼片显著降低,其中热风干燥鱼肉的味精当量则下降了50.83%。热泵干燥鱼肉中苦味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的19.11%和7.37%,而冷冻干燥组鱼肉中甜味氨基酸相对百分含量最高,为53.62%。3种干燥方式中,热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹的味精当量最高,为4.47谷氨酸钠(MGS)/100 g,表明热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的鲜味程度最高。就挥发性风味成分而言,热泵干燥鱼肉酯类和酮类较多,其主要呈现果香味和焙烤坚果味;热风干燥中烃类和芳香类的相对含量约占70%,醛类和酯类相对含量达20%;而冷冻干燥中烃类与芳香类相对含量占到90%以上,醛类和酯类相对含量不足8%,其风味...     

Drying Kinetics and Quality Characteristics of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) in Solar–Electrical Hybrid Dryer

The aim of the study was to investigate the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of Indian mackerel dried under solar–electrical hybrid dryer (S-EHD). Fresh Indian mackerel fishes (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were cleaned, cut into butterfly fillets, and salted overnight using a dry salting method (salt-to-fish ratio, 1:3). The salted mackerel was dried in a S-EHD at the air temperature of 45–55°C, relative humidity of 47–62%, and air velocity of 0.60–0.80 m/s. Open sun drying (OSD) of salted Indian mackerel was conducted to compare with S-EHD. The moisture content of the salted mackerel (61.5% w.b.) was reduced to 31.8% (w.b.) under S-EHD and 30.25% (w.b) under OSD in 8 and 32 h, respectively. The drying rate curve showed that mackerel drying occurred under falling-rate drying period in both the drying methods. A drying efficiency of 23.81% was observed for salted Indian mackerel drying under S-EHD. Diffusion approach and two-term models were selected to accurately predict the drying behavior of mackerel under S-EHD and OSD, respectively. Total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine, and thiobarbituric acid analysis of dried samples revealed that the mackerel dried under S-EHD was better than OSD. In the sensory analysis, samples dried under S-EHD recorded highest overall acceptability score.     

Evaluation of Processing Methods on the Nutritional Quality of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)

The close relationship between the consumption of sea cucumber and health status stems from the nutritional and functional substances found in sea cucumber that play a key role in the prevention of different diseases. The processing methods have a great effect upon the nutritional and functional substances in sea cucumber. A superior product should not only be abundant in nutritional substances, but also require an easy and cost effective processing method. This study compared the influence of processing methods on the stability of macronutrients and micronutrients present in sea cucumber in order to recommend products that could provide high nutritional quality. The five processes investigated were hot air drying (60°C), vacuum freeze-drying (0.5 cm thickness material, 5–10 Pa vacuum degree, ?85 to ?90°C cold trap temperature, ?25°C material temperature), sun drying, double-distilled water cooking followed by sun drying, and 3.5% sodium chloride solution cooking followed by sun drying. A significant decrease of all the chemical compositions determined was shown in all the sea cucumber products treated by the five processing methods (p < 0.05). Among all the processing methods, hot air drying resulted in the highest nutritional quality of the product. Moreover, hot air drying can be operated easily with low cost.     

电子鼻结合GC-MS分析不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味成分的影响

为了解不同干燥方式对罗非鱼片挥发性风味物质的影响,为罗非鱼片加工提供参考依据,采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了经超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透热泵干燥(UAPOHPD)、热泵干燥(HPD)、超声波辅助聚葡萄糖渗透真空冷冻-热泵联合干燥(UAPOVFHPCD)和真空冷冻干燥...     

Optimization of the floating-type seaweed dryer

A floating-type solar dryer was designed and fabricated in order to answer the need for a faster and more efficient drying of seaweeds. Based on the results of the several field tests conducted, the developed seaweed dryer was capable of producing good quality dried seaweed products at a shorter drying time as compared to the traditional solar drying methods employed by seaweed farmers. The developed seaweed dryer was likewise proven to be highly adaptable to varying weather conditions. However, like most solar-type dryers, the performance of the fabricated seaweed dryer is greatly affected by weather variations. On a good sunny day, short drying time is expected unlike in cloudy or rainy weather conditions and even during nighttime where air drying can be done, the longer drying period is anticipated. Due to the different drying environments, the optimal dryer settings both for the daytime and cloudy or nighttime conditions must be determined. The optimization study conducted focused on the effects of varying the air inlet of the dryer by opening the foldable sidings to different height levels and the timely operation of exhaust fans in maximizing the combined effect of solar and air drying. An eight-hour drying test was conducted to determine the amount of moisture removed from the seaweed samples which was measured at 30 min interval. The analysis revealed that fully-opened sidings without running exhaust fans setting resulted in the highest moisture reduction in nighttime conditions. On the other hand, the sidings which were opened one-fourth from the bottom without running exhaust fans and sidings half-opened with running exhaust fans settings yielded the highest moisture reduction in daytime condition. In addition, no significant interaction was found between the level of sidings height openings and the operation of the exhaust fans during the nighttime condition. Conversely, there was a significant interaction between the level of sidings height openings and the operation of exhaust fans during the daytime condition.     

大型海藻干燥技术研究进展

干燥是海藻储存、加工、生产的重要方法之一,不同的干燥方式对海藻脱水效率、能耗和品质影响很大。本文对藻类传统干燥和新型干燥技术的特点、研究及应用现状进行了分析。研究表明,太阳能干燥技术能够充分做到干燥过程中绿色、环保,与空气热泵构成组合干燥模式,可解决太阳能不连续的问题;过热蒸汽干燥效率高、能耗低,藻类干燥后复水性好;真空冷冻干燥产品品质好,能最大限度保持藻类的营养和功能性成分;远红外加热技术对海带进行干燥,与同风速的热风干燥相比,可显著缩短干燥时间,降低能耗;微波真空干燥技术干燥江蓠,在保持品质的基础上干燥时间较热风干燥减少70%。本文同时对藻类干燥技术与设备存在的问题进行了总结,对国内藻类干燥技术及装备的发展趋势进行了展望并提出了措施与建议。     

饲用血粉的新生产工艺及采用膨化血粉喂养试验的效果

饲用血粉的生产从采用干燥工艺，发酵工艺，到采用喷雾干燥工艺，都存在产品的可消化率偏低的问题，并涉及诸如生产环境和耗能过大等问题，本校采用专门研制的连续膨化设备对含有一定水分的碎血块进行连续瞬时加工，经进一步粉碎后，制成了新型饲用血粉－膨化血粉，其体外消化率达９７．６％。用含有膨胀化血粉的配合饲料喂养淡水鱼类的平均饲料系数为１．７９。利用膨化血粉和喷雾血粉对ＡＡ肉鸡进行对比喂养试验表明，两组的平均饲