冷藏和冰藏条件下虹鳟鱼鱼片品质变化研究

为了科学地了解虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鱼片贮藏过程中的品质变化规律,以建立高效的品质控制技术,研究了虹鳟鱼鱼片在冷藏(3±1)℃和冰藏(0±1)℃条件下挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、色泽、腺苷三磷酸(ATP)关联物、K值及菌落总数(TAC)等指标的变化,评价不同温度对虹鳟鱼片品质的影响。结果显示:虹鳟鱼片TVB-N的增长速度在冷藏条件下显著高于冰藏条件,冷藏至第9天为20.72 mg/100g,冰藏至第15天为25.76 mg/100g;冷藏至第6天TAC为7.40 lg cfu/g,冰藏至第12天TAC为8.27 lg cfu/g;与冰藏相比,冷藏条件下虹鳟鱼片K值较高;肌苷酸(IMP)含量分别在冷藏8 h(8.36μmol/g)和冰藏24 h(8.70μmol/g)达到最大值,即冷藏和冰藏虹鳟鱼片的最佳食用时间分别是宰杀后的8 h和24 h。结合各项指标变化,冷藏和冰藏虹鳟鱼片的货架期分别为6 d和12 d。     

Effects of Natural and Artificial Colorants on Hot Smoked Garfish—Belone belone (Linnaeus, 1761)—Stored at 4 ± 1ºC

In this study, the effects of natural and artificial colorants on the shelf life of hot smoked garfish were investigated in terms of its chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality. Turmeric and Sunset Yellow FCF were used as the natural and artificial colorants, respectively. The amount of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, total yeast and molds increased during the storage (p < 0.05). The results showed that turmeric and Sunset Yellow FCF had a significant effect on pH value and salt content of hot smoked garfish samples during storage (p < 0.05). According to the sensory analysis results, the shelf life of hot smoked garfish stored at 4 ± 1ºC was determined as 17 days.     

Chitosan Coatings Containing Mentha spicata Essential Oil and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle for Shelf Life Extension of Rainbow Trout Fillets

ABSTRACT

The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of chitosan (CH) coatings containing Mentha spicata essential oil (MSO; 0.2 and 0.4%) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO; 0.2 and 0.4%) on chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV)), microbial (total viable count, psychrotrophic count, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacteriaceae) and sensory (odor, color, and overall acceptability) properties of raw rainbow trout fillets during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Final microbial population of CH + MSO 0.4% + ZnO 0.4% and CH + MSO 0.4% + ZnO 0.2% retarded approximately 3–5 log CFU/g as compared to control groups (P < 0.05). At the end of storage time in control samples, TVB-N, TBARS, and PV reached 49.3 mg N/100 g, 3.31 mg malonaldehyde/kg, and 2.04 meq peroxide/kg lipid, while the values for the treated samples with MSO (0.2 and 0.4%) in combination with ZnO (0.2 and 0.4%) remained lower than 25 mg N/100 g, 2 mg malonaldehyde/kg, and 1.1 meq peroxide/kg lipid, respectively. The results indicate a potential use of CH coating containing MSO and ZnO as an effective type of antimicrobial packaging to maintain quality of rainbow trout fillets.     

花鲈冰藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白生化特性与新鲜度变化的相关性

【目的】为研究冰温贮藏期间海鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)鱼片的品质及蛋白质生化特性的变化,【方法】该研究通过感官评分、pH、质构、色差、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA值)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N值)、菌落总数(TVC)的测定和肌原纤维蛋白含量、巯基、羰基含量变化及十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析确定了冰温贮藏0 d、4 d、8 d、12 d、16 d、20 d下海鲈鱼片理化指标变化,并对肌原纤维蛋白生化特性与主要的新鲜度指标进行相关性分析。【结果】结果表明,海鲈鱼片冰温贮藏期间亮度值由57.92±0.66降低至46.62±1.54、红度值由-4.34±0.39降低至-5.21±0.08,硬度值由174.92±16.8显著降低至122.25±15.73(P<0.05),pH呈先降低后增加的趋势,TBA值、TVB-N值随贮藏时间的延长分别由0.35±0.01 mg/kg与9.41±1.03 mg/100 g增加至0.97±0.04 mg/kg与33.18±0.83 mg/100 g,贮藏至第16天时菌落总数达6.35±0.41 log10(CFU/g),已超过二级鲜度标准,且感官分值不可接受。贮藏期间肌原纤维蛋白含量、巯基含量分别由104.21±3.42 mg/g与145.81±1.02 mmol/g prot下降至72.03±5.25 mg/g与137.28±1.29 mmol/g prot,羰基含量由0.63±0.03 nmol/mg增加至1.45±0.06 nmol/mg。SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示,在30 kDa附近产生新的蛋白条带。相关性分析表明TBA值、菌落总数、蛋白含量与羰基含量之间具有良好的相关性。【结论】研究表明：海鲈鱼片冰温贮藏至第16天时达到不可食用程度,贮藏后期微生物的大量繁殖、脂质氧化与蛋白质氧化间的相互作用可能是品质劣变的主要原因。     

Effect of Fish Gelatin Coating Enriched with Oregano Essential Oil on the Quality of Refrigerated Rainbow Trout Fillet

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the effect of fish gelatin coating (FG; 4%, w/v) containing oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil (OEO; 1.2% w/v) on shelf-life extension of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet stored under refrigerated storage (4 ± 1ºC) was investigated. The control and the treated fish samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH; total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid, TBA) and microbiological (total viable count, TVC; psychrotrophic count) characteristics. The FG + OEO treatment produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) TVB-N values as compared to control and FG-coated samples after Day 6 and until the end of the storage period. The TBA values remained low and were found to fluctuate during storage. Results showed that TVC exceeded 6 log CFU g^?1 on Day 8 of storage for control and FG-coated samples and Day 12 for samples coated with FG + OEO. The reduction of 1.05 and 0.83 log CFU g^?1 of psychrotrophic counts was achieved by FG + OEO coating in trout fillet (p < 0.05) as compared with control and FG-coated samples, respectively. Therefore, the incorporation of OEO into FG coating may be a promising method of maintaining the storage quality of the rainbow trout fillet stored at refrigerated temperature.     

Effects of Ozonated Water Treatment on the Microbial Population,Quality, and Shelf Life of Shucked Oysters (Crassostrea plicatula)

An ozonated water treatment system was designed for the sanitation of shucked oysters (Crassostrea plicatula). The effects of ozone (O₃) on shelf life were examined under refrigerated conditions (4 ± 1°C). Microbiological, chemical, and color quality were also evaluated by determining total aerobic plate counts (APC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and L, a, and b values. Single and orthogonal experiment results showed that oysters treated with 9 mg/L of O₃ in aqueous solution (oyster: ozonated water = 1:6, w/v) for 10 min at 5°C significantly reduced the total APC by about 2-log—from 4.97 ± 0.11 to 2.93 ± 0.17 log CFU/g (p < 0.05). O₃ treatment did not cause significant changes in TVB-N, TBA, a, and b values, although L values were significantly affected. During refrigerated storage, O₃-treated samples expressed lower TVB-N, TBA, a, and b values and higher L values than control samples. The shelf life of O₃-treated samples was 20 to 25 days, while that for the controls was 5 to 10 days. The current study confirms that treatment with ozonated water can effectively prolong the shelf life and maintain the quality of oysters.     

Biochemical,Physical, Chemical,and Microbiological Assessment of Blue Shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) Stored in Ice

Postmortem changes in blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) muscle were studied on the basis of biochemical, chemical, physical, and microbiological changes during an 18 day storage period at 0°C. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) content, breakdown products, K-value, pH, trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), water holding capacity (WHC), color, and texture (shear force) changes were examined. Also, total mesophilic and psychrophilic bacterial counts were measured. K-value increased linearly (r² = 0.98) from an initial value of 1.37 ± 0.59 to 59.42 ± 6.05% at Day 18. Spoilage indicators TVB-N and TMA-N increased from 29.56 ± 1.33 and 0.69 ± 0.25 to 39.04 and 2.04 ± 0.59 mg of N/100 g at Day 18, respectively; meanwhile, the total viable counts of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria increased from 3.48 ± 0.44 and 2.61 ± 0.29 log CFU/g to 6.27 ± 0.21 and 7.14 ± 0.39 log CFU/g, respectively, which indicated spoilage at the end of the storage period. The pH, texture, WHC, and color were affected (p < 0.05) during the storage period. Overall, results indicate that blue shrimp muscle quality was maintained for 12 days of storage in ice.     

Reflecting on the Recent Publisher's Report

Research was conducted to determine the effects of potassium sorbate applications (0, 1, 3, and 5% w/v) on the shelf life of pearl mullet (?nci Kefali; Chalcalburnus tarichi) fillets packaged with vacuum. Fillets kept at 4 ± 1°C were subjected to microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, molds, and yeasts) and chemical (pH, thiobarbituric acid—TBA, total volatile base nitrogen—TVB-N, water activity, and biogenic amines) analyses on certain days (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days) of storage. It was determined that potassium sorbate had effects on total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, mold-yeast counts, TVB-N values, phenylethylamine, putrescine, tryptamine, and pH of fillets at a significant (p < 0.01) degree. Retarded bacterial growth was observed as the antimicrobial effect increased with the degree of its concentrations. Storage time had significant (p < 0.01) effects on bacteria count, TBA, TVB-N values, and biogenic amines; all of which were increased by longer storage. It was concluded that application of potassium sorbate, especially at a 5% level, and vacuum packaging helps cold stored fillets maintain their biogenic amines and microbiological and chemical qualities longer.     

Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Carp sausage Enriched With Propolis Natural Extract during Chilled Storage

This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis extract on quality of liquid smoked carp (Cyprinus carpio) sausage stored at 2°C for 9 weeks. Carp sausages were separated into three groups: control group, without propolis extract; second group, with 1% (w/w) propolis extract added; and third group, with 2% (w/w) propolis extract added. Propolis extract added carp sausages showed lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, peroxide value (PV), and free fatty acid (FFA) content compared to control during the storage period. During 9 weeks of storage, propolis extract added carp sausages showed significantly lower total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and psychrophilic bacteria count (PBC) than those of control samples (p < .05). Yeast and mold were not detected in all fish sausages throughout the storage period.     

Influence of Chitosan Nanocomposite and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract Coating on Quality of Huso huso Fillet Inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes During Refrigerated Storage

This study aimed to evaluate the antilisterial and antioxidative effects of chitosan nanocomposites and rosemary extract coating on the fillet of Huso huso inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage (4°C). Fish fillets were subjected as control (without coating), 0.5% rosemary extract (RE), 1% chitosan (CS), and combination of chitosan and rosemary extract as chitosan nanocomposite (CS/RE). Then, samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes. Subsequently, the chemical parameters (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), peroxide value (PV), pH, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)) and antilisterial effects of coatings were monitored during 16 days of storage at 4°C. According to the results, CS/RE demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) ability to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes from 4.14 log cfu/g to 2.23 log cfu/g at the end of the storage period, followed by CT and RET treatments, respectively, compared to the control. Even though samples coated with CS/RE had the lowest pH and TVB-N values (p < 0.05), this coating was not able to pause the protein denaturation after 8 days of storage (p > 0.05) compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, CS/RE coating retarded lipid oxidation by decreasing PV and TBA production in the samples compared to the control up to the end of refrigerated storage (p < 0.05).     

鲤鱼冷藏中的鲜度变化与货架期

以感官、化学和微生物为指标,研究了养殖鲤鱼在0℃(冰藏)、5℃、10℃和15℃贮藏过程中的鲜度变化和货架期,并对菌落总数、嗜冷菌、假单胞菌、挥发性盐基氮与感官评价的一致性程度进行了探讨。结果表明,在0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃的贮藏过程中,鲤鱼的高品质期分别为426 h、189 h、95 h和58 h,货架期分别为713 h、382 h、146 h和87 h。各温度高品质期终点和货架期终点时菌落总数分别为6.63±0.45 lg cfu/g、7.18±0.29 lg cfu/g,假单胞菌数分别为5.69±0.75 lg cfu/g、6.50±0.33 lg cfu/g,挥发性盐基氮均值分别为9.90±0.52 mg/100 g、20.52±0.34 mg/100 g。各温度下高品质期终点和货架期终点时各指标均值均无显著差异(P0.05),表明菌落总数、假单胞菌和挥发性盐基氮作为鲤鱼低温贮藏的鲜度指标与感官鲜度评价有较好的一致性。     

Quality attributes,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,and heavy metal profile of traditional drum-smoked Guinean barracuda fish from Lagos State,Nigeria

This study was carried out to assess the quality attributes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and heavy metal profile of traditional drum-smoked Guinean barracuda fish from Lagos State, Nigeria. Fresh Guinean barracuda fish (60) samples were obtained from 20 different fish-processing centers. The fresh fish samples were smoked with traditional drum kiln. The fresh and smoked fish samples were analyzed for proximate composition, quality indices (peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total nitrogen base-nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine acid (TMA), and free fatty acid (FFA)), PAH, heavy metals, and microbiological (coliform, fungi, Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Salmonella paratyphi (SP), and Staphylococcus aureus (SA)) analyses. The results revealed that the mean moisture, protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrate contents of traditional drum-smoked fish samples were in the range 10.93–14.15%, 51.97–60.96%, 11.34–15.99%, 1.74–2.99%, 1.12–1.56%, and 7.70–17.99%, respectively. The values of PV, FFA, TBA, TVB-N, and TMA were in the range of 8.21–10.19 meq.peroxide/kg, 1.13–1.80%, 1.03–1.19 mgMol/kg, 17.29–19.36 mgN/kg, and 2.12–2.68 mgN/kg, respectively. The results of PAH compounds in the traditional drum-smoked fish samples showed that 10 of the 16 PAH compounds detected were above the 5.0 µg/kg B(α)P maximum permissible levels stipulated by EU Regulation 1881/2006. The concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the smoked fish samples ranged from 0.001 to 0.0027 µg/g, 0.0013 to 0.0028 µg/g, 0.0014 to 0.0028 µg/g, and 0.0621to 0.0796 µg/g, respectively. The results of microbiological analysis revealed the presence of LM and SA in the traditional drum-smoked fish samples. The study concluded that traditional drum-smoked fish may constitute higher risks (chemical and microbiological) and public health concerns to consumers.     

大黄鱼冷藏过程肌肉蛋白质生化特性与新鲜度的相关性

为研究大黄鱼冷藏期间肌肉蛋白质变化与鲜度品质的相关性,以色差值、质构、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)以及感官评分等鲜度指标判断鱼肉品质,并结合肌肉蛋白质中盐溶性和水溶性蛋白质含量、总巯基含量、羰基含量、蛋白质分子量以及粒径分布等蛋白质生化特性指标,分析大黄鱼4 ℃冷藏10天肌肉蛋白质变化与鲜度品质的相关性。结果表明：冷藏期间大黄鱼鱼肉的L*,a*和w值下降,b*值上升;鱼肉咀嚼性、黏着性和硬度下降;TVB-N由(4.42±0.21)mg/100 g增至(38.46±0.87)mg/100 g,并于第8天达二级鲜度标准,感官评分第8天不可接受。冷藏期间大黄鱼盐溶性和水溶性蛋白质含量、总巯基含量、羰基含量变化趋势相似。盐溶性蛋白质含量呈先小幅上升后下降变化趋势,由(159.36±6.51)mg/g降至(91.99±13.82)mg/g,质量分数下降了42.27%,水溶性蛋白质含量由(33.68±2.13)mg/g降至(17.57±0.70)mg/g,质量分数下降了47.77%;盐溶性蛋白质的巯基含量和羰基含量分别由(3.95±0.04)mol/105 g pro降至(1.08±0.13)mol/105 g pro、(1.08±0.04)nmol/mg升至(3.94±0.43)nmol/mg,水溶性蛋白质巯基含量和羰基含量分别由(4.74±0.17)mol/105 g pro降至(2.66±0.15)mol/105 g pro、(0.21±0.14)nmol/mg升至(2.67±0.25)nmol/mg;盐溶性蛋白质粒径在冷藏第0～8天,由(203.32±5.44)nm增大至(425.40±8.63)nm,8天后降至(317.03±1.20)nm,水溶性蛋白质粒径从(190.80±0.30)nm降至(144.23±1.32)nm;SDS-PAGE电泳证明30 ku左右产生新的蛋白质条带且蛋白质量有一定程度减少。结果表明盐溶性和水溶性蛋白质生化特性与新鲜度有良好相关性,其中水溶性蛋白质相关性更好。     

Shelf-Life Extension of Fish Fillets by Spraying with Microbial Transglutaminase

The effect of spraying microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at various levels (1, 4, 7, and 10 units/gram) on the quality of mackerel (Scomber scombrus) fillets was investigated during refrigerated storage. The results of pH and the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) revealed that 7 µ/g MTGase treatment met the best results regarding fish quality. The oxidation was hindered by increasing MTGase concentration, and the lowest totox value was recorded in the fillets treated with 10 µ MTGase. The progress in the total free amino acids was suppressed with the addition of MTGase, and the most effective concentration was found to be 7 µ/g MTGase treatment. Moreover, this concentration was the most promising in inhibition of the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, the total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform, and yeast-mold. Panelists preferred the samples treated with 7 µ/g MTGase in terms of odor, texture, and appearance. The addition of MTGase straightened the fish muscle and helped preserve its initial texture. It is important to use the proper concentration of MTGase instead of high concentrations.     

Comparative Variations of Extractive Nitrogenous Components and Quality in Fresh Muscle and Dried Product of Rabbitfish (Siganus fuscescens) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Variations in the level of quality and extractive nitrogenous components were investigated in the fresh muscle and commercial dried products of rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens collected from Penghu, Taiwan. The respective freshness quality for fresh muscle is as follows: trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), 29.50 mg N/100 g; trimethylamine (TMA), 2.30 mg N/100 g; NH₃, 6.61 mg/100 g; total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), 13.32 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 1.53 log CFU/g; and K-value, 28.80%. The respective freshness quality for dried products is as follows: TMAO, 43.44 mg N/100 g; TMA, 25.56 mg N/100 g wet wt.; NH₃, 52.00 mg/100 g wet wt.; TVBN, 149.98 mg/100 g; aerobic plate count, 4.16 log CFU/g; and K-value, 89.73%. The major fatty acids in the fresh muscle and dried products are C16:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:0, C16:1 C22:6 n-3, and C22:5 n-3. The major nucleotide compound is inosine 5?-monophosphate (IMP) in the fresh muscle (68%) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in the dried products (79%). The level of total free amino acids in the dried products shows significant variation depending on the processing method of the plants.     

Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Quality and Shelf Life of Salted Bonito (Sarda sarda)

In this study, the fresh meat of bonito (Sarda sarda) was used to make lakerda, which is a type of salted fish (Turkish traditional product). The lakerda was packaged in plastic film (A), vacuumed (VP), placed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; M1 = 80%/20% CO₂/N₂, M2 = 65%/35% CO₂/N₂, M3 = 30%/60%/10% CO₂/N₂/O₂), and stored at 2 ± 1°C. Microbiological, chemical, sensory, and color analyses were conducted to determine the changes in quality. Total viable bacteria counts did not exceed the limit of consumption (7 log cfu/g) for all groups on Day 31. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and trimethylamine- nitrogen (TMA-N) values of M1, M2, and M3 remained lower than the proposed acceptability limits of 35 and 12 mg N/100 g, respectively, up to 31 days of storage. However, VP lakerda samples exceeded TVB-N limits after 31 days of storage, whereas A lakerda samples exceeded after 8 days of storage. In our study, sensory analysis determined the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaged lakerda. When Group A is compared with the other groups, MAP and VP lengthened the shelf life of lakerda by 23 days.     

罗非鱼片贮藏过程中品质变化动力学模型

研究不同温度贮藏条件下罗非鱼片挥发性盐基氮（TVB—N）和菌落总数随时问的变化规律及其动力学特性,建立了TVB-N和菌落总数与贮藏温度和贮藏时间的动力学模型,以预测和控制罗非鱼片在贮藏过程中的品质和货架期。贮藏过程中罗非鱼片的TVB-N和菌落总数增加,随着贮藏温度的升高,鱼片品质劣化速度加快。TVB-N和菌落总数均符合一级化学反应动力学模型,并且与Arrhenius方程有很高的拟合度。罗非鱼片的贮藏期可通过模型进行预测。     

冰温臭氧水对鳗保鲜效果的研究

该研究通过测定鲜鲲（Engraulis japonius）在臭氧水冰温条件下贮藏保鲜过程中的微生物、理化指标和感官品质的变化来评价保鲜效果。试验表明,采用ρ（臭氧）为2～3mg·L^-1的臭氧水,在-1．1～0℃冰温条件下保鲜鳗能有效地抑制细菌繁殖,减缓脂肪氧化,延缓腐败变质,从而有效延长了保鲜期,在保鲜第3天仍能取得高品质的保鲜效果,达到海水鱼国家一级鲜度标准,保鲜第4天达到海水鱼国家二级鲜度标准,其菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）、硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）和感官评定得分都明显优于对照组,保鲜期比用普通冰藏的对照组能延长1～2d。     

Effect of Chitosan-Gelatin Composite and Bi-Layer Coating Combined with Pomegranate Peel Extract on Quality Properties of Belanger’s Croaker (Johnius Belangerii) Stored in Refrigerator

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chitosan-gelatin coating with two different methods (composite and bi-layer) in combination with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the microbiological (mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae) and chemical (total volatile bases-nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and free fatty acid (FFA)) properties of Belanger’s croaker (Johnius belangerii) fillets during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1°C). In this study, composite coating (CC), bilayer coating (BC), CC+PPE, and BC+PPE led to 6.88, 7.00, 6.52, and 6.32 log₁₀ CFU/g reduction in mesophilic bacteria, 6.67, 7.02, 5.35, and 4.21 log₁₀ CFU/g in PTC and 2.99, 2.71, 2.37, and 2.41 log₁₀ CFU/g, compared with control sample for 16 days storage time, respectively. Chitosan-gelatin coating enriched with PPE has retarding effects on spoilage of fish samples, thus extending the shelf life during refrigerated storage. The quality characteristics of croaker treated with chitosan-gelatin coating combined with PPE were better than those treated by chitosan-gelatin coating or PPE alone during the storage, exhibiting that there is a synergistic effect between chitosan-gelatin coating and PPE. The bi-layer coating was better than one composite coating in combination with PPE in reducing lipid oxidation of fillets.     

充气比率对罗非鱼片冰温气调贮藏期间品质的影响

采用不同的充气体积（V）与鱼片质量（m）比率包装鲜罗非鱼片,在冰温下贮藏,通过微生物、挥发性盐基氮（TVB—N）和脂质氧化（TBA）等指标考察充气比率对鱼片品质的影响。结果表明,充气比率≥3：1能抑制产品微生物的增长（P〈0．05）,贮藏第25天微生物数量仍小于可接受的限（10^6cfu·g^-1）;气调包装样品的肉汁渗出率均高于对照产品,充气比率越大对肉汁渗出率影响越明显;贮藏期间,对照组的TVB—N第4天开始明显高于充气比率≥3：1的样品,第19天时充气比率≥3：1的TVB—N仍在安全限内,约19．30mg·100g^-1;充气比率对产品pH的影响不明显;贮藏期间TBA缓慢上升,气调包装样品之间差异不明显,但与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）。总而言之,充气比率为3：1～4：1的气调包装样品在贮藏期间品质差异不明显,能明显延长鲜罗非鱼片的货架期。