成鱼塘套养草鱼种高产试验

试验池３４６８ｍ＾２，１９９６年投放草，鲢、鳙、鳊大规模各种１３８２尾，２１４．１养殖成鱼，在此基础上套养６￣１５ｃｍ草鱼种６２００尾，年底干池验收，总产鱼３３１７．４ｋｇ，获纯利润１５４１１元，其中收获草鱼种２８５０尾，１１０８ｋｇ，成活率４６％，尾均重３８９ｇ，每６６７ｍ＾２产草鱼种２１３．１ｋｇ，为我区培育大规模草鱼种提供了一条切实可行新途径。     

望城岗水库综合养殖技术研究

养鱼面积７．３３ｈａ，通过猪粪肥水、猪粪饲料喂鱼、库区消落区种青、优化用水调度等综合措施，１９９１－１９９３年试验期总产成鱼１３．５万ｋｇ，试验期末单产达到７２２７ｋｇ／ｈａ，利税８２８０元／ｈａ，优质鱼比例２１．９％。     

池养草鱼种投喂配合饵料试验报告

在２．６亩池塘进行了草鱼种投喂自制的９１－Ⅲ号配合饵料试验，结果：亩净产鱼种１１５７．８ｋｇ，其中草鱼鱼种１００９．６ｋｇ，鲢鱼种１４８．２ｋｇ。草鱼种系数１．３６。     

立体循环养鱼模式

１ 鱼—桑—鸡 池塘内养鱼，塘四周种桑树，桑园内养鸡。鱼池淤泥及鸡粪用作桑树肥料，桑叶及蚕蛹喂鸡，蚕粪和鸡粪喂鱼，桑、鱼、鸡形成良好的生态循环。试验表明，每 ５００ｋｇ桑叶喂蚕，蚕粪喂鱼，可增加鱼产量 ２５ｋｇ。桑园内养２０只鸡，年屙鸡粪１２００ｋｇ，相当于给桑园施氮肥１８ｋｇ、磷肥１７．５ ｋｇ。２鸡—猪—鱼 用饲料喂鸡，鸡粪喂猪，猪粪发酵后喂鱼，塘泥作农作物的肥料，从而形成了良性循环的生物链，达到粮增产，猪、鱼饲料成本下降的目的。试验表明，以年养１００只鸡计算，将鸡粪喂猪，可增产猪肉１００ ｋｇ左…     

大面积池塘培育鲤鱼种高产高效技术试验

２０００年我们在学校实习基地──郯南实习基地处 １６ ４０８ ｍ２（２４·６亩）成鱼池塘中，进行了主养鲤鱼种高产高效试验，经过１５４天的精心饲养，共产鲤鱼种 ３２ ４７２ ｋｇ，平均规格 １５０ ｇ，最大规格 ４００ ｇ，产花、白鲢鱼种 ６１７ ５ ｋｇ、草鱼种 ５ ４ ４ ６ ｋｇ、银鲫２ ３４０ ｋｇ。总产 ４６ ４４７ ｋｇ，平均每 ６６７ ｍ２产鱼 １８８６ｋｇ；获纯利 １２５ ２５６元，平均每 ６６７ ｍ２获纯利 ５ ０９１元；投入产出比１：１．６５。现将试验情况报告如下：１ 试验材料１．１ 池塘条件 本试验使用的池塘…     

于桥水库网箱养草鱼试验初报

于桥水库水草资源丰富。且多为草鱼喜食品种，在水库上游和中游设了两处投喂水草养草鱼网箱试验点，上游设箱８只，净产成鱼２６００ｋｇ，饵料系料５３．８，获利２．６万元，中游设箱１２只，净产成鱼５９００ｋｇ，饵料系数５６．９，获利５．１万元。     

北方池塘主养鲢鳙高产试验

用０．４ｈｍ＾２的池塘主养鲢鳙成鱼，套养鲁鱼种。对鲢鳙施以新鲜猪粪尿，给鲁鱼投喂配合颗粒饲料，饲养１１７ｄ，总净产３６２３．５ｋｇ，其中鲢鳙２．４９７．５ｋ，鲤鱼１１２６ｋｇ。每公顷净产为９０５８．７５ｋｇ，其中鲢６２４３．７５ｋｇ，鲤鱼２８１５ｋｇ，总利税８１６５．９２元，每公顷利税为２０４１４．８０元。本实验结果表明，这种主养鲢鳙成鱼套养鲁鱼的养殖模式，具有低成本、高产量和高效益的特点。     

二茬养殖亩产三吨技术研究

试验池塘１３３３ｍ＾２，一年二茬主养鲤鱼，总产鱼８７００．５ｋｇ；净产６０５２．５ｋｇ，每６６７ｍ＾２净产３０２６．３ｋｇ，总产值７２８００．７元，总效益２４４４４．７元，每６６７ｍ＾２纯收入１２２２２．４元。其中第一茬总产鱼５５６７．８ｋｇ，净产３０６７．８ｋｇ饵料系数１．３７，总产值４９．０４３．７元，纯收益１５６７５．７元，投产比１：１．４７；第二茬总产１于３１３２．７ｋｇ，净产２９８４．７     

许家崖大型水库增养殖技术开发

许家崖水库有可养鱼水面９００ｈｍ２．１９９４年采取了大水面养鱼．网箱养鱼．引进太湖银鱼，拦库汊养鱼等多方位技术开发．共产成鱼４９．９６万ｋｇ．其中大水面产鱼１６万ｋｇ．鲢、鳙鱼箱１２７３只．产鱼１９．３５万吨．网箱养鲤鱼、罗非鱼５４只．产鱼８．１１万ｋｇ．坝拦库汊两处１１．６７ｈｍ２．产鱼３．５万ｋｇ．产大银鱼３万ｋｇ．总产值５５３万元．纯利润３９９．８７１元．投入产出比１：３．６１。     

池塘鱼虾蟹混养技术试验

１９９８年我们在金湖鱼种场进行了池塘鱼虾蟹混养技术试验，取得亩产鱼 １８５ ｋｇ，青虾２４．６ ｋｇ，蟹６９．９ｋｇ，亩利润３ ２７０元的成绩。现将试验情况报告如下：１材料与方法１．１池塘条件 试验池塘面积８．７亩，水深１．５～２．２ｍ。四周用钙塑板围成防逃墙，水源为宝应湖水，水质良好，溶氧含量高。池塘内水草丛生，主要为苦草、轮叶黑藻、芜萍，约占池塘面积的４０％。放苗前１个月每亩用 ２．５ ｋｇ五氯酚钠清塘，以彻底杀灭野杂鱼。１．２苗种来源 鱼种夏花为该场自繁自育。青虾苗是收购其他塘口的秋繁苗。扣蟹从启…     

Intensive polyculture of fish in freshwater ponds. I. Substitution of expensive feeds by liquid cow manure

In 1974 and 1975 nine experimental treatments of fish polyculture in stagnant water ponds without aeration were conducted at Dor. The polyculture was composed of common carp, silver carp, white amur (grass carp) and Tilapia. The treatments differed in stocking densities, feeding and manuring levels. The most productive treatment of the experiment, in which the fish were fed with protein-rich pellets, produced 50 kg/ha per day, probably a record for unaerated ponds of stagnant water. Two treatments (low and high stocking densities) fed exclusively with liquid cow manure produced an average yield of around 32 kg/ha per day. The yields of the treatments receiving high-protein pellets exceeded those of the treatments receiving grain pellets by 20 and 9.6 kg/day per ha, at high and low stocking densities, respectively, and in both cases the yield increments justified the extra cost of high-protein feed. The responses of the four fish species to the different levels of feeding and stocking densities were widely different. The common carp and white amur showed the greatest responses to increased feeding inputs while the silver carp and Tilapia, even at high densities, have done equally well at low feeding levels. Total body fat contents of the common carp were 20%, 15% and 6.2% when fed with high-protein pellets, grains pellets and liquid cow manure, respectively. Intermittent harvesting did not result in increased yields.     

池塘主养草鱼种高产试验

在３００５ｍ＾２的池塘里,高密度培养大规格草鱼种,且塔养鲢,鳙,鲤种。采取的技术措施是：草鱼种入池先喂芜萍,２０天后改喂浮萍并驯喂粗蛋白含量较高的小颗粒配饵。草鱼种长到１０ｃｍ后,改喂粗蛋白含量较低的配饵;定期注入新水,增氧,泼洒药物,投喂药饵,高温季节,使池水保持长流水。结果：共产草鱼种５０３２ｋｇ,平均规格８０．１ｇ;鲢鳙鱼种２６６０．６ｋｇ,鲤种５３６．３ｋｇ,纯利４８９２８．６元,投入产出     

池塘主养草鱼种高产试验

利用0.33hm2池塘施行综合养殖技术,强化饲养管理工作。并根据当年草鱼种不同的发育时期,投喂自行研制的不同营养成分和粒度的3种颗粒饲料。经过140d的培育,各种鱼种总产量为6474kg,其中草鱼种产量为4860kg,平均规格100g/尾,吃食鱼饵料系数为1.6。总利润为24510元,利润73530元/hm2。     

不同施肥方法对鱼蚌综合养殖池塘浮游植物群落结构的影响

通过155 d围隔实验检验了不同施肥条件下鱼蚌综合养殖水体中的浮游植物群落结构。实验设3个处理:施鸭粪、施化肥、兼施鸭粪和化肥。放养种类为三角帆蚌、草鱼、鲫、鲢和鳙,放养量分别为每围隔20、15、5、5和5个。结果发现,围隔内浮游植物生物量平均值为(2.1~6.0)×108个/L。不同施肥方法对浮游植物种类组成和优势种、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、生物量以及蓝藻在浮游植物生物量中的比例无显著影响。浮游植物群落变化表现出较明显的季节性特点,影响围隔浮游植物群落的理化因子为TN、NH3-N和DO。研究表明,采用不同施肥方法的围隔内浮游植物群落结构未表现出显著差异,难以从浮游植物角度解释兼施鸭粪和化肥的围隔珍珠产量高于施鸭粪或施化肥的围隔的事实,也难以确定珍珠产量与浮游植物群落结构之间存在必然的联系。     

饲料中添加生物素对草鱼幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标的影响

在纯化饲料中分别添加生物素0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60 mg/kg投喂初始质量为(5.92±0.25)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼8周,研究了不同生物素添加量对草鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料系数、机体营养成分、血清生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,添加生物素提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率,降低了饲料系数。添加量为0.40 mg/kg时草鱼幼鱼的特定生长率和增重率最大,饲料系数最低,并与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);添加不同水平生物素对草鱼幼鱼全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响,但添加量为0.40 mg/kg时粗蛋白含量最大。0.10 mg/kg组和0.20 mg/kg组的全鱼灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加生物素对血清总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TC)无显著影响,但显著提高了血清甘油三酯(TG)含量,各添加组TG含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1.60 mg/kg添加组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合本试验结果,草鱼幼鱼饲料中生物素适宜添加量为0.40 mg/kg。     

Performance of the amazonian tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, in pond polyculture

Tambaqui (48%) was reared in polyculture with grass carp (27%) and curimbatá (25%) from 75 g mean weight for a period of 164 days. Ponds of 1200 m² were stocked at a total density of 12720 ha⁻¹. Fish were fed with an experimental diet made from soybean and maize at a daily rate calculated as 3% of the tambaqui biomass. Grass carp received chopped angola grass at a daily rate of 15% of live weight. Ponds were weekly manured with 120 kg of mixed cattle and goat manure. Tambaqui reached a final weight of 492 g. Survival rate was 83%. The experimental polyculture had a mean net yield of 7·5 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, with apparent conversion rates of 1·13, 5·5 and 7·7 kg kg⁻¹ of diet, grass and manure, respectively. All three species had a high growth rate (from 1·2 to 2·1 % day⁻¹). Tambaqui's growth was affected by the fall in water temperature in the second part of the experiment. Cost/benefit calculations proved the high profitability of the tested semi-intensive polyculture system.     

网箱养鱼高产试验及其技术因子的探讨

本文报导了网箱养殖莫桑比克罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)高产试验。其中网养莫桑比克罗非鱼获得每平方米净产97公斤，饲料系数为2．16：网养草鱼每平方米净产14．5公斤，饲料系数为2．49。此外，本文论述了网箱结构，饲养环境，养殖方式，饲料配方，投喂技术等技术因子对提高单位产量的关系。作者认为合理选择网箱，敷设饲料台，控制溶氧不低于3mg／L、水温不低于15℃，饲养密度为5—10公斤／米^2，单养，采用蛋白质组分不低于35％的颗粒饲料以及提供10％-2％的日给食率，是网养给食式鱼类获得高产并降低饲料系数的关键。     

基于鱼体背部弯曲潜能算法的四种主养鱼类识别

以四种主养淡水鱼鲫(Carassius auratus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为例,提出一种基于图像处理技术的鱼种类自动识别方法。首先通过鱼体信息采集系统获取待识别鱼体图像,并对其进行灰度化与二值化,得到鱼体轮廓信息;然后采用邻域边界算法对鱼体的轮廓进行提取,根据轮廓曲线建立鱼体背部轮廓数学模型;最后根据轮廓模型,采用鱼体背部弯曲潜能算法对不同种类鱼体样本的背部弯曲潜能值进行计算和聚类统计,得到不同鱼类样本的背部弯曲潜能值分布区间,从而通过比对待识别鱼体背部弯曲潜能值的区间实现对不同鱼类的自动识别。对四种主养鱼类的实验测试结果表明,对团头鲂的识别精度可以达到100%,对鲫、鲤和草鱼的识别精度达到96%,基本上能准确实现四种鱼体的分类识别,具有较好的实际应用价值。     

Intensive polyculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and herbivorous fish [silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.), and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.)]

Intensive polyculture of common carp and herbivorous fish (silver carp and grass carp) at high stocking densities and with intensive feeding with fodder and mineral and organic fertilization was carried out without mechanized aeration and automated feeding.Two stocking patterns were tested. The first, in Pond 1 (with an area of 2.5 ha), had the following stocking rates: one-year carp (C₁), 8000 fish/ha; one-year silver carp (S₁), 1500 fish/ha; and one-year grass carp (G₁), 200 fish/ha. The yield was 6292 kg/ha of standard consumer fish (C₁₊ 743 g, S₁₊ 944 g, and G₁₊ 1000 g) at a relatively low food conversion ratio (2.24) and high survival of all fish. Within the total yield, the two-year carp contributed 76%, the silver carp 21%, and the grass carp 3%. The second stocking pattern, in Pond 2 (0.25 ha), had the following rates: C₁, 8500 fish/ha; S₁, 2000 fish/ha; and G₁, 200 fish/ha, and produced a still higher total yield (6629 kg/ha) at a relatively low food conversion ratio (2.10). The two-year carp in Pond 2 contributed 88% of the total yield, and the herbivorous fish only 12% even though they accounted for 20% of the stock.Our results (Pond 2) are compared with other record yield experiments under similar conditions but including tilapia. At a total stocking rate of 10 700 fish/ha and without participation of tilapia, over a period of 186 days (as against 126 days in the other experiment), our experiments gave a total yield which was 347 kg/ha higher at a food coefficient 15% lower. The growth period was 60 days longer in our experiments but it included April and October when water temperature is much below the optimum and only 4% of the total amount of fodder was assimilated.     

Ammonia nitrogen excretion in Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fed practical diets: the effects of water temperature

To understand the actual production of fish culture about the utilization of dietary protein and excreta impact on the environment between mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), the study to investigate the effect of temperatures (19 ± 0.5°C, 24 ± 0.5°C and 29 ± 0.5°C) on ammonia‐N excretion in mandarin fish and grass carp under fed and fasted states was conducted. These two species were fed a practical diet containing 325.2 g kg^?1 crude protein at 3% body weight per day. The ammonia‐N excretion rate was significantly increased when temperature increased from 19 to 29°C, and a linear relationship between ammonia‐N excretion rate and temperature. The maximum ammonia‐N excretion levels of mandarin fish and grass carp were observed at 4–8 h and 2–4 h after feeding, respectively, and the minimum values for both species were observed at 24 h after feeding. Under the feeding condition, mandarin fish had a lower ammonia‐N excretion level compared to grass carp at 24°C and 29°C. The average amount of ammonia‐N excreted by mandarin fish at 24 h is significantly higher than grass carp under fasting conditions, except 19 ± 0.5°C. These results indicated that mandarin fish might make better use of protein at higher temperature than grass carp when fed practical diets in commercial production. These results of this study suggested that mandarin fish had a lower ammonia‐N excretion level compared with grass carp, making a less contribution to environmental loading in an intensive fish culture.