黑龙江水系主要冷水性鱼类年龄与生长特征的研究

1994～1996年对黑龙江水系的大麻哈鱼、哲罗鱼、细鳞鱼、乌苏里白鲑、黑龙江茴鱼等捕捞群体的年龄与生长特征进行研究,其生长速度较快的顺序依次为大麻哈鱼、哲罗鱼、细鳞鱼、乌苏里白鲑、黑龙江茴鱼。     

黑龙江乌苏里白鲑遗传多样性分析

本研究从50对虹鳟(Oncrhynchus mykiss Walbaum)的微卫星标记中筛选出在黑龙江乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus usssru-ensis Berg)基因组中扩增出的多态性SSLP标记12对。用其中的6对微卫星标记对15尾黑龙江乌苏里白鲑基因组DNA进行遗传检测。用2％的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测微卫星引物的PCR扩增产物,计算6个SSLP基因座的等位基因频率、多态信息含量等。结果显示,最高等位基因频率的范围在0.3750-0.5385,最低为0.0250,说明这个群体为多态群体(群体具有遗传多样性)。多态信息含量(PIC值)的范围在0.4620-0.7069,说明基因座为高度多态基因座。黑龙江乌苏里白鲑群体的杂合度范围在0.5586-0.7282,表明其遗传多样性程度处于中等偏上水平。从遗传多样性角度应引起重视,采取切实可行的措施对其遗传多样性加以保护。结合资源量下降的现实,建议在保护遗传多样性的前提下对其采取人工繁殖放流的方法扩大其种群数量。     

白鲑属鱼类仔鱼培育饵料投喂注意事项

鲑科(Salmonidae)、白鲑亚科(Coregoninae)、白鲑属(Coregonus)鱼类约有30余种,该属鱼类具有适应能力强、生长速度快、生长期长等优良特性,多数种类作为增殖与养殖对象而被广泛移植或放养。在青海、黑龙江、新疆、内蒙古等冷水资源丰富地区,先后引进了高白鲑、目笋白鲑(穆松白鲑)、秋白鲑(凹目白鲑)、宽鼻白鲑(齐尔白鲑)进行增殖和养殖,     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体生态学特征及资源保护

本文报道绥芬河鲤科溯河性洄游鱼类珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体生态学特征。通过890尾样品测定,对溯河期、产卵期、群体的体长体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖力、性比、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量进行研究,并提出了资源增殖保护措施。     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构特征研究

珠星雅罗鱼Leuciscus haronensis（Gunther）为鲤科鱼类中少有的溯河洄游类型。本研究采集了880尾2009年度绥芬河溯河洄游生殖群体样本,分析了溯河期、产卵期以及个体的体长、体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖能力、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量。绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体分三批溯河繁殖,即3月中旬至4月上旬;4月中旬至4月末;5月初至5月中旬。每批次体色、性比、成熟系数、肥满度等均有所差异。其中第二批次洄游群体为主要的产卵群体。根据绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼的生态学特征提出了该鱼的增殖保护措施。     

绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼溯河生殖群体结构特征研究

珠星雅罗鱼Leuciscus haronensis（Gunther）为鲤科鱼类中少有的溯河洄游类型。本研究采集了880尾2009年度绥芬河溯河洄游生殖群体样本,分析了溯河期、产卵期以及个体的体长、体重组成、年龄与生长、生殖能力、成熟系数、肥满度等主要生态学特征及种群数量。绥芬河珠星雅罗鱼生殖群体分三批溯河繁殖,即3月中...     

青海省白鲑养殖声名远播向国内多省区供高白鲑鱼苗

目前,青海省已建立3个高白鲑种源基地和1个白鲑鱼类种苗繁育基地,是国内白鲑鱼类养殖品种最多、养殖规模最大的地方,已向新疆、黑龙江、四川、甘肃、辽宁、河北等省区供应高白鲑鱼苗,推广面积达二十多万亩,成为国内重要的白鲑鱼引种制     

白鲑属鱼类仔鱼培育技术要点

鲑科(Salmonidae)白鲑亚科(Coregoninae)白鲑属(Coregonus)鱼类约有30余种.其中有许多种白鲑鱼类作为增殖与养殖对象而被广泛移植或放养,具有投入少、成活率高、生长迅速、单位产量提高快、捕捞效率高的特点,可称为冷水水域中的"家鱼".青海、黑龙江、新疆、内蒙古等多个省区先后引进了高白鲑Coregonus peled( Gmelin)、目笋白鲑Coregonus muksun (Pallas)(穆松白鲑)、秋白鲑Coreg onus autumnalis (Pallas)(凹目白鲑)、宽鼻白鲑Coregonusnasus (Pallas)(齐尔白鲑)进行增殖和养殖.     

呼玛河细鳞鱼种群生态学特征及资源保护

本报道黑龙江水系名贵经济鱼类细鳞鱼种群生态学。1995年对大兴安岭山林地区水域呼玛河的细鳞鱼捕捞群体体长体重组成，年龄与生长、生殖力、肥满度、成熟系数及摄食等主要生态学特征进行研究，并提出资源繁殖保护措施。     

绥芬河马苏大麻哈鱼陆封型种群生态学特征及资源保护

本文报道黑龙江水系名贵经济鱼类马苏大麻哈鱼陆封型种群生态学。通过57尾标本，对其捕捞群体体长体重组成、年龄与生长、第二性征、性比、肥满度、成熟系娄及摄食等主要生态学特征进行研究，并提出繁殖保护措施。     

鱼类标志技术的研究进展

鱼类标志技术已在鱼类种群密度、死亡与补充、生长和生产力等研究中广泛应用，并已成为鱼类种群估算、资源评估、以及洄游与分布调查的重要手段。本文对近年来国内外在鱼类标志技术方面已取得的进展及未来的发展方向进行综述与讨论，并对各种标志技术的应用效果进行了总结，以期为我国鱼类标志技术的应用与研究起到促进作用。     

Status and management of fish populations of Rawal Dam reservoir, Pakistan

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the composition and relative abundance of commercially desirable and less desirable fish populations of Rawal Dam reservoir. Fifteen fish species belonging to 11 genera were identified. The less desirable species were abundant, constituting 62.3%, 84.8% and 78% of the total number of fish sampled on three occasions. Carnivores were represented by two species with very low percentage composition by number or weight. The ratio of total weight of forage fish to that of carnivorous fish indicated an unbalanced population in the lake. The proportion of the fish population at harvestable size suggests a balanced population, but this index may have been overestimated because of a minimum harvestable size.     

Molecular evidence for the lack of transmission of the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea, Polyopisthocotylea) and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides (Crustacea, Cymothoidae) between wild bogue (Boops boops) and cage-reared sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

In the Mediterranean area, wild fish have often been suggested as either the reservoirs of the causative agents or at least the carriers of the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in cultured fish. However, no epidemiological investigations on actual pathogen/disease interactions between farmed and wild fish have been conducted even for the most important fish pathogens. Only sporadic isolations and identifications of various pathogens in wild fish have been done and real associations with the pathological conditions that exist within the farm environment and vice versa have not been established. Monogenean ectoparasite Sparicotyle chrysophrii and isopod Ceratothoa oestroides are commonly found in the Mediterranean cage-reared sea bream and sea bass and in the surrounding wild fish population. Both species were recognized as pathogens that seasonally inflict serious losses in fingerlings and juveniles of sea bream and sea bass, being potentially propagated and exchanged during wild and caged fish interaction. In order to evaluate the degree of pathogens transfer between wild and farmed fish, we investigated genetic population structures of these two important parasitic pathogens inferred by mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I locus. Parasites isolated from wild and farmed fish on the two most productive Adriatic fish farms showed genetic heterogeneity, contradicting widely accepted hypothesis of cross-contamination, at least in case of S. chrysophrii and C. oestroides. As far as we know, this is the first report that in a study of pathogen transfer molecular evidence was employed to asses the genetic population structure of shared parasites.     

A revisit to Pope's cohort analysis

Gulland's [Gulland, J.A., 1965. Estimation of mortality rates. Annex to Arctic Fisheries Working Group Report (meeting in Hamburg, January 1965). ICES, C.M. 1965, Doc. No. 3 (mimeographed)] virtual population analysis (VPA) is commonly used for studying the dynamics of harvested fish populations. However, it necessitates the solving of a nonlinear equation for the instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish in a population. Pope [Pope, J.G., 1972. An investigation of the accuracy of Virtual Population Analysis using cohort analysis. ICNAF Res. Bull. 9, 65–74. Also available in D.H. Cushing (ed.) (1983), Key Papers on Fish Populations, p. 291–301, IRL Press, Oxford, 405 p.] eliminated this necessity in his cohort analysis by approximating its underlying age- and time-dependent population model. His approximation has since become one of the most commonly used age- and time-dependent fish population models in fisheries science. However, some of its properties are not well understood. For example, many assert that it describes the dynamics of a fish population, from which the catch of fish is taken instantaneously in the middle of the year. Such an assertion has never been proven, nor has its implied instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish of a particular age at a particular time been examined, nor has its implied catch equation been derived from a general catch equation. In this paper, we prove this assertion, examine its implied instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish of a particular age at a particular time, derive its implied catch equation from a general catch equation, and comment on how to structure an age- and time-dependent population model to ensure its internal consistency. This work shows that Gulland's (1965) virtual population analysis and Pope's (1972) cohort analysis lie at the opposite end of a continuous spectrum as a general model for a seasonally occurring fishery; Pope's (1972) approximation implies an infinitely large instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish of a particular age at a particular time in a fishing season of zero length; and its implied catch equation has an undefined instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish in a population, but a well-defined cumulative instantaneous rate of fishing mortality of the fish in the population. This work also highlights a need for a more careful treatment of the times of start and end of a fishing season in fish population models.     

Impacts of hatchery release on genetic structure of rock carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Procypris rabaudi</Emphasis> in the upper Yangtze River,China

Rock carp Procypris rabaudi is a vulnerable endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River. Hatchery release has been carried out as a major stock enhancement strategy for this species. Ten microsatellite loci were chosen to compare genetic variation between one wild population and two hatchery groups to evaluate the potential impacts of hatchery release on the genetic structure of the wild population. Two different models indicated strong evidence of recent bottlenecks in all groups. The hatchery groups were lower in the mean number of alleles per locus, allelic richness, and allelic diversity compared with the wild population. The 80% membership coefficient indicated that 14% of the wild fish could be assigned as hybrids of wild and hatchery fish. Our results suggested that hatchery release will further reduce the natural genetic diversity in the wild population, change the genetic structure of the rock carp population, and may not benefit restoration of this vulnerable fish species.     

A review of ecological models for brown trout: towards a new demogenetic model

Abstract – Ecological models for stream fish range in scale from individual fish to entire populations. They have been used to assess habitat quality and to predict the demographic and genetic responses to management or disturbance. In this paper, we conduct the first comprehensive review and synthesis of the vast body of modelling literature on the brown trout, Salmo trutta L., with the aim of developing the framework for a demogenetic model, i.e., a model integrating both population dynamics and genetics. We use a bibliometric literature review to identify two main categories of models: population ecology (including population dynamics and population genetics) and population distribution (including habitat–hydraulic and spatial distribution). We assess how these models have previously been applied to stream fish, particularly brown trout, and how recent models have begun to integrate them to address two key management and conservation questions: (i) How can we predict fish population responses to management intervention? and (ii) How is the genetic structure of fish populations influenced by landscape characteristics? Because salmonid populations tend to show watershed scale variation in both demographic and genetic traits, we propose that models combining demographic, genetic and spatial data are promising tools for improving their management and conservation. We conclude with a framework for an individual‐based, spatially explicit demogenetic model that we will apply to stream‐dwelling brown trout populations in the near future.     

Detection of channel catfish virus in asymptomatic adult channel catfish,Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)*

Abstract. Two populations of channel catfish were examined for the presence of channel catfish virus (CCV) by use of a nucleic acid probe. In one population of 22 fish with no history of CCV, viral DNA was found in every liver. These fish had previously been examined by a technique involving co-cultivation of their leucocytes with catfish tissue culture cells. The co-cultivation method had identified virus in 10 of these fish. The second fish population consisted of 14 adults that had survived a CCV outbreak in 1980. Of the 14 fish, 11 showed positive indication of CCV DNA. The tissue distribution of the CCV differed from fish to fish. All fish from the first group and one fish from the second group showed some alterations in the DNA banding patterns expected from pure CCV DNA. This might be indicative of modifications in the genomic structure of the CCV DNA when the virus is latent in a fish.     

福建近海竹荚鱼线粒体DNA控制区和细胞色素b遗传多态性

测定了捕自福建近海闽东渔场和闽南渔场竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区和细胞色素b基因(cyt 6)序列.获得了长度为861～866 bp的控制区全序列.60个样本中共检测到66个变异位点和53个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性(h)为0.993,核苷酸多样性(π)为1.093.930 bp的cyt 6部分序列共有37个变异位点,从41个样本中得到25个单倍型,平均单倍型多样性(h)和核苷酸多样性(h)分别为0.937和0.3360 cyt b片段编码330个氨基酸,氨基酸序列无变异位点,仅有1个氨基酸单倍型.竹荚鱼闽南群体mtDNA序列的遗传多样性高于闽东群体.构建的单倍型系统树未出现明显的以地方群体为单位的家系式分支或者聚簇,群体间的遗传距离(0.01)也较小.分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,2个群体的遗传变异绝大部分来自群体内部,群体间无显著遗传分化.中性检验和核苷酸不配对分析显示,福建近海竹荚鱼近期经历过种群扩张.种群扩张、扩散能力和东海环流可能促进闽东渔场和闽南渔场竹荚鱼群体间频繁的基因交流,并导致群体间较高的遗传同质性.     

Appraisal of fish behaviour based on time series of fish positions issued by a 3D array of ultrasound transducers

We present a novel low-cost analysis platform and method for monitoring the behaviour of a fish population (starry sturgeons – Acipenser stellatus) – in an experimental tank using a 3-dimensional array of ultrasound transducers. The platform provides time series of fish positions, allowing for assessment of the dynamics of geometric centre (centroid) of fish population. We demonstrate that centroid evolution represents a sensitive indicator of fish behaviour under conditions varied from normal towards non-physiological limits, e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, feeding and light.Emphasis has been given to reversible effects i.e. after normalisation of water parameters undergoing “gentle” variations, the fish behaviour returns to the normal/physiological pattern.Fish behaviour was previously assessed by several techniques (e.g. electrical impedance, video monitoring, hydro-acoustics, etc.).To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses ultrasounds to continuously monitor the three-dimensional position of fish, having also the advantage of being independent on water turbidity or light level.We stress on the capabilities of the platform and related method to assess the occurrence of abnormal fish behaviour, revealed by the change over a predefined threshold exhibited by the dynamics of the fish population exposed to stimuli, and to automatically issue a warning alert (in case of e.g. non-optimum water quality), thus making it suitable for remote, cost effective monitoring of fish behaviour supporting an optimised aquaculturing.     

Do spatial models of growth rate potential reflect fish growth in a heterogeneous environment? A comparison of model results

Abstract – Spatial models of fish growth rate potential have been used to characterize a variety of environments including estuaries, the North American Great Lakes, small lakes and rivers. Growth rate potential models capture a snapshot of the environment but do not include the effects of habitat selection or competition for food in their measures of environment quality. Here, we test the ability of spatial models of fish growth rate potential to describe the quality of an environment for a fish population in which individual fish may select habitats and local competition may affect per capita intake. We compare growth rate potential measurements to simulated fish growth and distributions of model fish from a spatially explicit individual-based model of fish foraging in the same model environment. We base the model environment on data from Lake Ontario and base the model fish population on alewife in the lake. The results from a simulation experiment show that changes in the model environment that caused changes in the average growth rate potential correlated extremely highly ( r ²≥0.97) with changes in simulated fish growth. Unfortunately, growth rate potential was not a reliable quantitative predictor of simulated fish growth nor of the fish spatial distribution. The inability of the growth rate potential model to quantitatively predict simulated fish growth and fish distributions results from the fact that growth rate potential does not consider the effects of habitat selection or of competition on fish growth or distribution, processes that operate in our individual-based model and presumably also operate in nature. The results, however, do support the use of growth rate potential models to describe the relative quality of habitats and environments for fish populations.