优质抗稻瘟病水稻恢复系成恢177的选育与利用

成恢177系四川省农科院作物研究所用籼型恢复系绵恢502与美国光身稻Lemont杂交，后代通过花药培养和病圃稻瘟病抗性鉴定选育而成的优质、抗稻瘟病、高配合力、强恢复力水稻恢复系。成恢177已配组出川香优2号、冈优177、中优177和D优177等4个组合通过国家或省级品种审定，也作为稻瘟病抗性资源在杂交水稻育种中应用。     

转基因抗虫玉米对亚洲玉米螟的抗性评价

采用田间人工接虫鉴定方法,根据玉米抗螟性田间鉴定评价标准,研究转基因玉米Bt799和NC6304YGRR对亚洲玉米螟的抗性.心叶期接虫试验结果表明,以食叶级别作为评价参数,2种转基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟具有良好的抗性,食叶级别均为1级;2种非转基因玉米食叶级别均大于7级.吐丝期接虫试验结果表明,以单株虫孔数、单株活虫数、单株隧道个数及单株隧道长度作为评价参数,2种转基因玉米对亚洲玉米螟抗性均显著高于各自对应的非转基因玉米.转基因抗虫玉米Bt799和NC6304YGRR田间抗虫效果良好,均能保护玉米在整个生育期内不受亚洲玉米螟危害.     

杂交水稻稻瘟病抗性育种体系研究进展

改良稻瘟病抗性是当前杂交水稻育种的主要目标之一。从稻瘟病生理小种的鉴定、水稻材料的接种鉴定、抗源筛选、抗性基因的分子检测及抗瘟性品种的选育等方面介绍了杂交水稻稻瘟病抗性育种研究进展。     

抗稻瘟病恢复系黔恢101选育及安优101的应用

稻瘟病是危害水稻生产的主要病害,分子标记辅助选择（MAS）已经成为选育抗病品种的重要方法。本研究以含有广谱抗性基因pi9的DW808为供体亲本,导入区域适应性好的受体亲本R894;经过分子标记检测、田间自然鉴定、人工接种鉴定,选育出中抗稻瘟病的恢复系黔恢101;其组合安优101于2017年参加贵州省水稻区域试验,2019年通过贵州省审定。     

抗病杂交水稻新组合Ⅱ优8220

Ⅱ优8220是以Ⅱ—32A与浙大8220配组育成的杂交水稻新组合。其父本浙大8220是以密阳46与带抗白叶枯病基因Xα21的IRBB21杂交,再与明恢63复交后,采用分子标记辅助选择技术结合人工接种鉴定育成的抗病新恢复系。Ⅱ优8220具有高产稳产、抗稻瘟病、中抗白叶枯病等特点,2003年3月通过浙江省品种审定。     

稻瘟病抗性基因Pi1和Pi2的聚合及其育种价值分析

水稻稻瘟病的发病受外界条件影响较大,单纯依靠人工接种抗性鉴定比较困难。因此,人工接种抗性鉴定与分子标记辅助选择结合应用对提高抗性育种效率具有重要意义。本研究利用已建立的水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi1和Pi2显性分子标记,对黑龙江省主栽品种空育131进行分子标记辅助选择,将Pi1和Pi2基因聚合到空育131中,对其原始亲本和不同基因组合聚合后代进行了稻瘟病田间抗性鉴定,对2个抗性基因的聚合效应进行了统计和评价,由此明确了Pi1和Pi2基因在寒地育种辅助选择中的应用价值。     

转小萝卜γ-硫堇蛋白基因RsAFP1水稻的获得及其稻瘟病抗性初步鉴定

将从小萝卜中分离的硫堇蛋白类基因RsAFP1通过基因工程的方法导入带有泛素Ubiquitin启动子及抗除草剂Bar基因的植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1300中,经农杆菌介导对圣稻13进行遗传转化。对获得的阳性转基因植株进行稻瘟病菌体外及室内苗期稻瘟病菌接种抗性鉴定,结合田间自然发病情况,对转基因植株的抗稻瘟病性进行综合评价。初步结果表明,外源RsAFP1基因的导入可在一定程度上提高水稻对稻瘟病的抗性。     

利用分子标记辅助选择技术改良三系不育系荃9311A稻瘟病抗性的研究

为了提高三系不育系荃9311A的稻瘟病抗性,以含广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pigm的水稻品种9311为供体,保持系荃9311B为受体和轮回亲本,通过分子标记辅助选择技术筛选抗性基因、剔除恢复基因和遗传背景筛选,在稻瘟病病区进行抗性鉴定,人工接种鉴定以及田间农艺性状考查,于BC2F2代获得有Pigm基因并剔除了恢复基因的改良株系...     

转几丁质酶-葡聚糖酶基因水稻稻瘟病抗谱分析

用来源于云南各地属于24个稻瘟病菌（[i]Magnaporthe grisea[/i]）生理小种的33个菌株,对受体品种南29及其4个转几丁质酶 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶串联基因水稻T5代品系进行了温室接种鉴定。结果表明,不能侵染受体品种南29 的13个菌株也不能侵染转基因品系,可侵染受体品种南29 的20个菌株一般不能侵染转基因品系,转基因水稻对稻瘟病菌抗性范围较受体对照扩大,证明转几丁质酶 葡聚糖酶基因水稻对稻瘟病具有一定的广谱抗性;诱发条件下,转基因品系大田叶瘟病情指数为0～1级,穗瘟发病率为0.3%～10.23%,抗性较受体对照大幅度提高,表明这些品系在稻瘟病抗病育种中是有应用潜力的。     

抗稻瘟病水稻品种的田间表现分析

采用人工辅助接种、自然发病的方法对25个品种连续十年在病圃中的稻瘟病抗性进行了监测。结果发现，39．18％的年份品种组合叶瘟颈瘟在田间抗感表现出质的不同，有的叶瘟感病而颈瘟表现抗病，有的叶瘟抗病而颈瘟表现感病。叶瘟颈瘟表现一致的品种均出现在严重感病或抗性较强的品种。水稻本身的遗传背景对稻瘟病抗病基因的表现有影响。本文还就稻瘟病抗病育种和抗病品种的合理利用等问题进行了讨论。     

Breeding and Characterization of a New Rice Restorer Line Containing Bt Gene

Bt5198, a new rice restorer line containing Bt gene, was developed from the cross and backcross of the elite restorer line Chenghui 177 with Bt Minghui 63, a transgenic Bt restorer line. The inbred lines were evaluated using PCR amplification, test paper evaluation, insect resistance evaluation in both the laboratory and paddy fields, nursery evaluation of rice blast resistance and pedigree selection of agronomic traits. Larval mortalities on Bt5198 and Bt Minghui 63 were 100% when rice culms were inoculated with the eggs of the striped stem borer (SSB) in the laboratory. Bt5198 was highly resistant against SSB and the yellow stem borer (YSB) under field conditions. The F₁ hybrids derived from Bt5198 and four cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines were also highly resistant to SSB and YSB and had a significant heterosis. Two-year evaluation of rice blast resistance confirmed that the resistance levels of Bt5198 to leaf blast and neck blast were similar to those of Chenghui 177 and significantly better than those of Bt Minghui 63. Seed germination ability and pollen yield of Bt5198 were similar with Chenghui 177, suggesting that the introduction of the Bt gene into the new restorer line had no significant effects on seed vitality or the yield of seed production. To identify the presence of the Bt gene, it was effective to combine test paper examination with the evaluation of insect-resistance, both in the laboratory and under field conditions.     

优质恢复系成恢047的选育及利用

成恢047是四川省农科院作物所用IR2588－5－1－2作母本，明恢63作父本杂交选育而成的灿型优质恢复系，该恢复系株型好，抗温性强，配合力好，米质优，已配制出一批优质，高产，抗稻瘟性好的组合，与不良系K17A配组育成的K优047于2000年通过四川省品种审定委员会审定。     

籼型恢复系绵恢2040的选育与应用

绵恢2040系西南科技大学水稻研究所用万恢228与多系I号杂交选育而成的具有粳稻亲缘的籼型恢复系，农艺、遗传性状稳定，具有恢复力和配合力强，较抗稻瘟病、品质较好、制种花粉量大、易获高产等特点；播抽期较明恢63短5d左右，温光反应特性与明恢63相似。所配组合B优840和C优2040已通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Transfer of Lysozyme Gene into indica Parents of Hybrid Rice by Backcrossing

Rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara), one of the major fungal diseases in rice fields all over the world, is induced by the ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr [Anamorph: Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.] [1]. According to the statistic…     

Virulence Types of Magnaporthe oryzae to Hybrid Rice in Sichuan,China

A total of 638 isolates of rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae) were isolated in 2002-2009 from different rice varieties in different regions of Sichuan,China and inoculated onto seven rice varieties(Lijiangxintuanheigu,IR24,Minghui 63,Duohui 1,Chenghui 448,Neihui 99-14 and RHR-1) to differentiate the virulence types of the fungus and trace the changes.The virulence to the seven varieties was respectively scored at 1,2,4,8,16,32 and 64.The total scores of individual M.grisea isolates which were the sum of scores infecting differential varieties could,in turn,be used for the nomenclature of the virulence types due to their accordance to the special virulence patterns.The 638 tested isolates were then differentiated into 56 different virulence types.Type 15 virulent to Lijiangxintuanheigu,IR24 and Minghui 63,and Type 127 virulent to all of the seven varieties were the most dominant virulence types respectively with the occurrence frequencies of 15.99% and 15.83%.Type 19 and other seven virulence types were not monitored during 2002-2009.Type 15 was the predominant virulence type in 2002,2003,2004 and 2007,whereas Type 127 had been the most dominant virulence type after 2005 except for the year 2007 when the province underwent severe drought.Five hundred and seven out of the 638 tested isolates were virulent to Minghui 63,and 89.58% of the 384 isolates virulent to either Duohui 1,Chenghui 448 or Neihui 99-14 were virulent to Minghui 63,which indicated the impact of the extensive plantation of hybrid rice Minghui 63 as the restorer line on the virulence evolution of M.oryzae in Sichuan.The virulence pattern of the dominant virulence types suggested that the acquiring of virulence to all the major resistant restorer lines was the main routes of the evolution in virulence of M.oryzae to hybrid rice in Sichuan.The virulence frequencies of the 638 tested isolates to IR24,Minghui 63,Duohui 1,Chenghui 448,Neihui 99-14 and RHR-1 were respectively 74.6%,79.5%,73.8%,37.0%,39.0% and 40.4%.The analysis for the sources of the different virulence type isolates indicated the pathogen on the newly released resistant varieties were stronger than conventional rice varieties which had become susceptible in the field since 1980s.     

转bar基因水稻恢复系的生理性状和农艺性状

通过杂交将转bar基因水稻亲本（Gulfmont、Bengal Hu-10和Cypress PB-6）中的bar基因转发转移到恢复系测64、明恢63和特青中，培育出6个抗除草剂（Liberty）的同型恢复系测64－B（G）、测64－B(C)、特青－B（C）、明恢63－B（G）和明恢63－B（C）。抗除草剂同型恢复系的大部分生理性状和主要农艺性状与原恢复系接近。将同型恢复系与不育系杂交，选配出8个抗除草剂三系杂交组合和2个抗除草剂两系杂交组合，抗除草剂组合能保持或略高于原组合的产量水平，利用这项技术有望解决杂交稻制种过程中出现的纯度问题。     

转溶菌酶基因水稻回交转育籼型杂交稻亲本

以抗稻瘟病的粳稻中花9号转溶菌酶基因材料D2 1 2与籼型杂交稻两优培九的恢复系9311及不育系培矮64S、汕优63的恢复系明恢63分别杂交和多代回交,进行外源溶菌酶基因的转育。对获得的转育回交后代B39311、B3MH63、B2PA64S和回交自交后代B2F29311、B2F2MH63、B1F2PA64S进行了PCR分析,表明外源基因在回交后代中呈1∶1分离,而在回交的自交后代中呈3∶1分离,证明外源溶菌酶基因是以单拷贝稳定传递给后代的。2003年和2004年对转育后代和测交组合进行了稻瘟病抗性调查,结果表明,转育后代抗性与轮回亲本相比、测交组合抗性与对应杂交稻组合相比都有了较大提高。随着转育回交世代的增加,抗性增强得越明显。研究表明通过回交转育方法将外源溶菌酶基因导入杂交稻亲本是选育抗稻瘟病杂交稻新组合的一条简便有效的途径。     

抗稻瘟病新组合威优111的选育

威优１１１是用Ｖ２０Ａ与新恢复系ｙ１１－１配制而成。具有产量高、米质较优、高抗稻瘟病、耐寒、抗倒、秧龄弹性好、制种产量较高等特点。１９９９年２月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

亚种间重穗型杂交稻冈优881的选育与应用

首先用密阳４６作母本与明恢６３杂交选育出恢复系６３２３;然后从恢复系６３２３与粳稻天然杂交后代选育成籼粳亚种间重穗型恢复系蜀恢８８１,其穗平重可达４．３１ｇ,它与三系不育系冈４６配组,培育出了籼粳亚种间重穗型杂交稻强优势组合冈优８８１。该组合产量高,米质好,抗瘟性强,适应性广,１９９５年５月通过四川省品种审定。