不同药剂及施用方式对马铃薯疮痂病的防效

马铃薯疮痂病被视为马铃薯生产中的第四大病害,严重影响马铃薯的外观、等级和品质。为求得防效好的马铃薯疮痂病防治方法,试验采用种薯处理与土壤处理相结合的方法进行田间比较试验。试验品种为‘尤金’,供试微生物制剂有5种,化学药剂1种。对照为常规处理,即不采取任何拌种与沟施。结果表明,防治效果以处理5最好,达到55.17%,处理5是在常规药剂(滑石粉+甲托+链霉素)拌种下,微生物肥料2(薯益生)沟施;其次为处理6防治效果达50.08%,处理6是在常规药剂拌种下,化学药剂爱可(化学药剂1)沟施。处理5、6的发病率及病情指数均显著低于对照。处理5的产量为1 767 kg/667m2,处理6的产量为1 740 kg/667m2,但与对照产量(1 646 kg/667m2)差异不显著。     

施肥对海南省西华农场2龄橡胶树径围生长的影响

用7种配方肥料，在海南省西华农场上进行了为期1年的2年生橡胶树施肥试验。结果表明：不同施肥处理对胶树径围增长效应之间有极显著的差异。其中，处理6(施氧化镁0.4 kg/株)、处理8(施尿素0.6 kg/株、施过磷酸钙1.2 kg/株、施氧化镁0.4 kg/株、施干牛粪6 kg/株)与对照相比，差异极显著，分别比对照增长25.5%、26.4%；其余处理与对照相比，差异不显著，其中，单施尿素(0.6 kg/株)效果最差，单施氯化钾(0.4 kg/株)效果较差。     

赤霉素诱导甘蔗节间伸长与内源激素变化的关系

探讨外源赤霉素对甘蔗节问伸长的效果及其与茎尖内源激素的变化关系.试验以新台糖22号为材料,在伸长初期以200 mg/L浓度的赤霉素进行叶面喷施,对照喷清水.结果表明,赤霉素处理的株高在各个时期显著高于对照,而且在处理后7,14和28 d分别比对照提高了17.32%、14.50%和8.35%.赤霉素处理引起植株表现的高度优势一直保持到后期,节间伸长效果主要集中在中部.赤霉素处理的CA,含量显著高于对照:ABA含量则相反,赤霉素处理的均显著低于对照.赤霉素处理的乙烯释放量稍低于对照,IAA含量从第7 d开始稍高于对照的;赤霉素处理对ZR含量的影响不明显.赤霉素处理的ABA/LAA的比值显著下降,ZMAA和EH.IAA的比值也有一定程度的下降,而提高了GA_3/IAA的比值.这说明外源赤霉素促进甘蔗节间的伸长可能主要通过调节ABA和赤霉素含量,其次是乙烯释放量和生长素含量,最终达到调节节间伸长效果.     

棉花遭受硝磺草酮药害后的补救措施研究

以萘二甲酸酐作解毒剂,分别添加赤霉酸、复硝钾、尿素+磷酸二氢钾、芸苔素内酯对硝磺草酮中毒棉花进行灌根处理。试验结果表明:灌根处理能有效减少棉花枯叶率和蕾铃脱落率,进而显著补救棉花产量损失,其中萘二甲酸酐+芸苔素内酯效果最好,药后60天的枯叶率和蕾铃脱落率分别比对照减少23.1和32.6个百分点,籽棉产量比对照增加112.3%,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

芸芥自交亲和性遗传变异（英文）

为了解芸芥的自交亲和性变异,采用田间套袋自交技术对不同来源的52份芸芥品种(系)的自交亲和指数(CI)、相对亲和指数进行了对比分析。结果表明,芸芥的自交亲和性存在较大幅度的变异,CI在0.00~4.98之间,这种变异不仅存在于品种间,而且存在于品种内不同个体间。52份参试材料中,自交亲和指数小于1的有43个品种;9个品种的CI1(1.03~4.98),其中,CI3的材料有四川-2芸芥、06芸86-y和06芸86-87。依据亲和指数可将参试材料分为4种类型:高自交亲和类型(CI≥3.00);自交亲和类型(CI为1.00~2.99);自交不亲和类型(0.00CI1.000);高自交不亲和类型(CI为0.00)。自交亲和性因地区而异,一般南部和西部地区的芸芥品种(系)自交亲和性高于其它地区的品种。综上,芸芥是一种高度自交不亲和植物,但其自交亲和性存在广泛变异,因此,从芸芥群体中选出的自交亲和系可用于将来的油菜及其近缘植物的遗传育种研究。     

几种生长调节剂对棉花产量与品质的影响

以中棉所79为材料,在大田条件下,以叶面喷施清水为对照,研究了花铃期3次叶面喷施A(赤霉素50 mg·L-1)、B(萘乙酸10 mg·L-1+赤霉素20 mg·L-1)、C(4-氯苯氧乙酸10 mR·L-1)、D(多效唑300mg·L-1)、E(高效唑60 mg·L-1)5种调节剂不同浓度水溶液对棉花产量与品质的影响.结果表明:除D处理外,其他4个处理的棉花蕾铃脱落率低于对照,单株成铃数多于对照;除C处理外,铃重均大于对照;5个处理棉花衣分与对照间差异不显著;除D处理外,皮棉产量均高于对照,其中A、B、E处理达到显著增产效果,B处理增产效果最佳.5种生长调节剂对棉纤维品质无不良影响.     

控释尿素与普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响

按尿素种类和施肥量共设6个处理,研究控释尿素和普通尿素混施对大豆农艺性状及产量和品质的影响。结果表明:控释尿素和普通尿素混施能够提高大豆不同生育期的株高和干物质积累量,且T6(控释尿素100%)提高最多。从R2到R6时期,叶绿素含量逐渐增加,R4和R2期施肥各处理与对照相比差异达到显著水平,处理T4(控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%)叶绿素值最高,但各施肥处理间差异不显著;叶面积指数(LAI)值先增大后减小,R4时期最大,施肥处理LAI显著高于不施肥对照,且以处理T4最佳。控释尿素和普通尿素混施极显著提高了大豆的产量,且以T4处理产量最高。控释尿素不同比例混施能够提高蛋白质含量,降低脂肪含量,并使蛋脂总量增加。综合试验结果可知,控释尿素50%+常规尿素50%为最佳混施比例。     

不同时期喷施芸乐收药剂对水稻产量的影响

为探索在不同生育期喷施芸乐收组合药剂对水稻产量的影响,2019年在浦城县万安乡大游村开展水稻不同生育时期喷施芸乐收的试验,结果表明:在分蘖初期和幼穗分化Ⅳ期各喷施1次芸乐收组合药剂能极显著提高水稻产量,增产效果最好。     

中国油料作物学报2004年第26卷第1～4期总目录

油　　菜甘蓝型杂交油菜亲本的小孢子培养技术研究 (1.1)………………………………………………………………不同植物激素对油菜角果生长和结实的影响 (1.5 )………………………………………………………………化学药剂处理克服芸芥自交不亲和性效果研究 (1.8)……………………………………………………………油菜发育过程及生育期机理模型的研究Ⅰ .模型的描述 (1.2 7)………………………………………………机条播油菜的生育特性及配套技术研究 (1.32 )…………………………………………………………………7个甘蓝型油菜品种对硼胁迫反应的…     

芸芥与芸薹属属间杂交亲和性研究

选用 5个芸芥与 6个芸薹属种进行杂交 ,研究了芸芥与芸薹属属间杂交的亲和性 ,试验结果表明 :芸芥与芸薹属的远缘杂交属于高度不亲和 ,结角率为 2 .76 % ,结籽率为 1.35 %。影响其杂交亲和性的因素有杂交亲本基因型、杂交组合方式 ,其中以芸薹属作母本的杂交亲和性要高于以芸芥作母本的组合的杂交亲和性。     

The effects of rates of application and sources of nitrogen on nitrate concentration in oat forage

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1972–73 and 1973–74 to study the effects of rates of application (0, 100, 200 kg ha^?1) and sources of nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, urea, sulphur-coated urea and sulpha-thiazole-treated urea) on nitrate-N concentration in oat (Avena sativa L.) forage. N application increased the nitrate-N concentration, the effects being more marked when the rate was increased from 100 to 200 kg ha^?1 than when it was raised from 0 to 100 kg ha^?1. The highest nitrate-N concentration in the dry matter (> 0·16%) was obtained when calcium ammonium nitrate was applied at 200 kg ha^?1 N. Sulphur-coated urea gave the lowest nitrate-N concentration. In one year treatment of urea with sulphathiazole reduced nitrate-N concentration in oats forage.     

不同N源对虎奶菇菌核产量与各类氨基酸含量的影响

运用灰色系统理论,探讨了不同氮源对虎奶菇菌核产量及其各类氨基酸总量的影响,并进行灰色关联的综合评判。结果表明:以麦皮为氮源的处理对虎奶菇菌核产量和品质的关联度最大,影响也最明显,添加不同氮源的处理对虎奶菇菌核及各类氨基酸含量的关联度大小顺序为:麦皮处理>牛粪处理>硫酸铵处理>尿素处理。     

Nitrogen recovery and loss in a fertilized elephant grass pasture

Limited information is available regarding the recovery and loss of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to intensively managed tropical grass pastures. An experiment was carried out in Brazil to determine the fertilizer‐N recovery and ammonia volatilization loss in an elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) pasture fertilized with 100 kg N ha^?1 as urea or ammonium sulphate, labelled with ¹⁵N, in late summer (LS) or in mid‐autumn (MA). Herbage mass was highest and litter mass was lowest in LS (P < 0·05). The N concentration of herbage was highest in autumn (P < 0·05) and the total N content in soil was lower in LS than in MA (P < 0·05), reflecting the high N uptake capacity of the grass. Proportionately higher ¹⁵N recovery in litter mass (P < 0·05) was observed in autumn (0·094) than in LS (0·0397) and the ¹⁵N recovery in herbage was 0·046 higher for ammonium sulphate‐fertilized pastures (P < 0·05; proportionately 0·243 for ammonium sulphate and 0·197 for urea). Around 0·60 of the fertilizer‐¹⁵N recovered was retained in soil and in non‐harvestable fractions of the plant. The NH₃ volatilization loss was higher in LS and most of the N loss occurred soon after fertilizer application. Urea and ammonium sulphate fertilizers were equally effective in sustaining herbage dry matter yield in the short term. However, the use of ammonium sulphate, rather than urea, would be preferable for LS applications when the objective is to reduce NH₃ volatilization losses.     

Bahiagrass response and N loss from selected N fertilizer sources

The increasing cost of commercial fertilizers and environmental problems associated with improper fertilization management have prompted the need to re‐examine commercial N sources that can effectively supply N to pastures while minimizing N losses. This 3‐year study evaluated the effects of selected N sources on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) responses, soil properties and N losses. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of 6 N sources [(i) ammonium nitrate (AN), (ii) ammonium sulphate (AS), (iii) urea (U), (iv) urea treated with Agrotain (U + Agrotain), (v) SuperU and (vi) ammonium sulphate nitrate] and 3 N levels (0, 60 or 120 kg ha^?1 year^?1), replicated three times. Bahiagrass dry‐matter yield (DMY), crude protein (CP) concentration, N uptake and recovery were not affected by N source, with the exception of AN that resulted in reduced DMY in 2010 compared with the other sources. Bahiagrass DMY, CP concentration, N uptake and recovery increased linearly as N levels increased. Nitrogen fertilization showed no effect on soil pH or soil N accumulation. Soil pore‐water N concentrations from treatments fertilized with N were similar to the control plots indicating no threat to the environment. At the N levels evaluated in this study, selection of N source should be based on the fertilizer cost.     

Uptake and balance of fertilizer nitrogen applied to sugarcane

During the 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 cropping seasons, a study was conducted at the Tanganyika Planting Company (TPC) estate in Tanzania, to investigate the uptake and balance of mineral N applied as urea (60 kg ha⁻¹) and ammonium sulphate (AS) (40 kg ha⁻¹) on a saline (pH 8.8) and a non-saline (pH 7.8) soil. Both fertilizers were labelled with 10 at.% ¹⁵N excess. The results showed high recoveries (>90%) in the sugarcane plant growing on a non-saline soil for N applied as both urea and ammonium sulphate. On a saline soil, recoveries were lower but depended on the form of N, being lower (∼34%) with urea than with ammonium sulphate (∼77%). These lower recoveries of N in the plant were also associated with lower recoveries in the soil–plant system and imply that there were significant losses of N to the environment in this soil. Possible causes for the losses were discussed.     

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FORMS OF NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF A PERENNIAL RYEGRASS / WHITE CLOVER SWARD IN EARLY SPRING

The effect of 4 or 5 forms of nitrogenous fertilizer on the yield and botanical composition of a perennial ryegrass/white clover sward was examined in 3 different years. The uptake of N by the grass was also estimated. Ammonium nitrate (as Nitro-Chalk), ammonium sulphate and urea gave similar yield increases, although in one year, when high rainfall followed the application of fertilizer, urea was slightly inferior. Gas liquor gave variable responses in the 3 years. Nitroform, a urea-formaldehyde, was generally less effective than the other forms of fertilizer. The uptake of N from Nitro-Chalk, sulphate of ammonia and urea did not vary greatly from year to year although the uptake of soil N by the untreated control did.
Response to N in the yield of dry-matter varied from year to year. This variation was due partly to differences in the amount of clover present and partly to differences in the extent to which N taken up by the grass was used for the synthesis of dry-matter.
The white clover content of the sward was not greatly reduced in spring by the application of the fertilizer, and there were no consistent differences between the effects on clover of the forms of the fertilizer. A reduction was apparent in the summer but not in the autumn.
It may be necessary to increase replication above the level of 3 to 6 which is frequently employed in field experiments if more precise quantitative estimates of response and of the relative efficiency of various forms of nitrogenous fertilizer are required.     

巨尾桉挥发物化感作用初步研究

在实验室条件下进行巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla)新鲜桉叶和桉油的挥发物对4种受试植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响试验.结果表明:巨尾桉挥发物对受试植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长均有抑制作用,且抑制作用强度,桉油挥发物均显著或极显著大于桉叶自然挥发物.桉油挥发物的作用强度有明显的浓度效应,浓度增大,抑制作用增强.不同受体植物对巨尾桉挥发物化感作用的敏感性差异明显,其中甜菜心和白萝卜敏感性较强,水稻和热研2号柱花草敏感性则较弱.     

三相分离法提取胡椒油树脂的工艺研究

本文以黑胡椒粉为原料,采用三相分离法（TPP）提取胡椒油树脂,研究了胡椒粉添加量、硫酸铵质量浓度、提取液与叔丁醇体积比、pH、温度对胡椒油树脂得率及胡椒碱含量的影响,并通过响应面试验优化了胡椒油树脂的提取工艺。结果表明：最佳提取条件为胡椒粉添加量5%、硫酸铵质量浓度10%、提取液与叔丁醇的体积比1∶0.5、pH 4、温度20℃,在此条件下,黑胡椒油树脂得率为12.90%,黑胡椒油树脂中胡椒碱含量为30.46%,验证试验与模型预测值基本相符。研究结果为工业化提取胡椒油树脂提供参考。     

追施不同肥料对马铃薯品种抗疫白产量的影响

为探究追施对马铃薯品种抗疫白产量的影响,设计4个处理,每667 m2施①基肥:二铵16 kg+尿素15 kg+硫酸钾15 kg(对照);②基肥:二铵16 kg+尿素8.6 kg+硫酸钾15 kg,追肥:尿素6.4 kg(追氮区);③基肥:二铵16kg+尿素15kg+硫酸钾7.5kg,追肥:硫酸钾7.5kg(追钾区);④基肥:二铵16kg+尿素8.6kg+硫酸钾7.5 kg,追肥:尿素6.4 kg+硫酸钾7.5 kg(追氮、钾区)。结果表明,追施钾肥的产量最高,其次是追施氮肥和钾肥,但二者差异不显著,排在第三位的是追施氮肥,不追肥的产量最低,但追施氮肥和钾肥的商品率最高。