冬小麦冠层氮素及硝酸还原酶活性的垂直分布

为了探讨冬小麦冠层不同层次氮素及NRA分布规律，解释冠层氮素垂直分布差异的内在原因，对两个籽粒蛋白质含量不同的冬小麦品种进行了研究。结果表明，冬小麦叶片含氮量沿冠层垂直分布呈明显的梯度，自冠层顶部向下逯层降低。不同品种间存在差异，籽粒蛋白含量高的中优9507上部层次梯度大于籽粒蛋白含量低的京冬8号，下部层次则反之，后期中优9507与京冬8号下部层次的差异更为明显。硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)也自冠层顶部逐层降低，但其梯度变化趋势与含氮量变化趋势并不完全一致。中优9507NRA高于京冬8号，其垂直梯度值也高于京冬8号相应梯度。京冬8号上部叶片NRA与叶片含氮量具有较高的相关性，能较好地反映植株的氮素状况，而中优9507上、中部叶片NRA均可以反映其植株氮素状况。二者下层叶片NRA都表现出与叶片氮素消长的不同步性。     

γ 氨基丁酸对冬小麦籽粒灌浆期耐热性及产量和品质的影响

为探讨γ-氨基丁醇(GABA)在小麦抗高温胁迫中应用的可行性,以冬小麦品种中优9507为试验材料, 在开花期喷施200 mg/L GABA, 灌浆期通过塑料棚覆盖模拟高温(45℃)处理,研究外源GABA对冬小麦灌浆期耐热性的影响.结果表明, 在高温胁迫条件下,200 mg/L GABA处理使中优9507小麦较清水对照产量增加了11.0%, 千粒重增加了4.6%; 粗蛋白增加了4.3个百分点, 并显著提高了沉淀值和干、湿面筋含量; 高温条件下GABA处理使得旗叶中MDA含量降低了49.2%, SOD活性提高了14.0%, 可溶性糖含量也显著升高; 旗叶的IAA含量显著下降, ABA含量明显升高.上述结果表明, GABA可通过调节内源激素系统、保护膜稳定性、增加抗氧化酶活性和活性氧清除能力、调节C/N代谢平衡来增强冬小麦耐高温的能力, 并在一定程度上减少高温胁迫带来的产量损失.     

优质面包专用小麦新品种中优9507配粉特性研究

用优质面包小麦中优 95 0 7与普通小麦京冬 8号和京 4 11进行配粉 ,测定粉质仪参数和面包、面条、馒头加工品质 ,结果表明 ,在中优 95 0 7中搭配 2 0 %的京冬 8号或 10 %的京 4 11,其湿面筋含量、粉质仪参数等仍然达到强筋粉的标准 ;中优 95 0 7为优质面包、面条和馒头兼用型品种 ,京冬 8号不适合制做上述三种食品 ,京 4 11的馒头加工品质较好 ;用 5 0 %的京冬 8号或 4 0 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7搭配 ,面包评分仍然超过 85分 ;用 5 0 %～ 6 0 %的京冬 8号或 80 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7配粉 ,可显著改善二者的馒头品质 ;用 90 %的京冬 8号或 5 0 %的京 4 11与中优 95 0 7搭配 ,可显著改善二者的面条加工品质     

耕作方式和施氮量对旱地冬小麦开花后干物质转运特征、糖含量及产量的影响

为探讨耕作方式和氮肥对旱地小麦的互作效应,在甘肃半干旱雨养农业区大田试验条件下,采用双因素裂区设计,以常规耕作(CT)、秸秆还田(CTI)、全膜覆土穴播(PM)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)4种耕作方式为主区,75、150、225、300kg·hm~(-2)4个施氮量(分别用N1～N4表示)为副区,分析了不同耕作方式及施氮量组合处理下旱地冬小麦花后干物质转运、糖含量及产量的差异。结果表明,4种耕作方式中,PM的株高最高,叶面积最大,籽粒产量最高,较CT增产14.50%。PM增产主要是通过增加穗长和穗粒数来实现,也归因于花前营养器官干物质的积累量及其在花后向籽粒中转运量、转运效率和对籽粒产量的贡献率较CT显著增加,特别是增加了叶片和颖壳的干物质转运量、转运效率。CTI的千粒重和有效穗数虽然最高,但产量与CT无显著差异;NTS的株高、千粒重、有效穗数、干物质积累量和花后向籽粒中转运量均处于较低水平,产量较CT降低16.74%。施氮显著增加了旱地冬小麦的籽粒产量,平均产量表现为N4N2N3N1。CT、CTI、NTS下,施氮的增产作用显著,但PM下不显著。在所有处理中,PMN2的籽粒产量最高,比最低的NTSN1增加70.55%。施氮增产的原因主要是促进了不同器官干物质积累和开花后干物质转运。NTS提高了各器官的可溶性糖含量,但其效应在不同生育时期存在差异,茎秆主要表现在开花后20～30d,叶片和颖壳在开花后10～40d,叶鞘在开花后20～40d,籽粒在开花后10～30d。施氮显著降低了开花后0～30d茎秆和叶片的可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,但显著增加了开花后20d籽粒的可溶性糖含量。以上结果说明,在甘肃旱地雨养农业区,常规耕作、秸秆还田、全膜覆土穴播下冬小麦高产的氮肥施用量以中等水平(150kg·hm~(-2))最佳,免耕秸秆覆盖下需增加氮肥施用量(300kg·hm~(-2))。     

雨养与灌溉条件下施氮对小麦花后氮素累积与转运的影响

为给冀东平原冬小麦雨养和灌溉栽培中合理施氮提供依据,以小麦品种京冬8号和宝麦38为材料,在雨养、灌溉条件下各设置4个施氮水平(0、120、240、360kg·hm-2),研究了两种水分条件下施氮量对小麦植株氮素吸收、累积和转运的影响。结果表明,施氮可显著增加小麦的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量,但过多施氮会导致产量下降。增施氮肥明显提高了小麦花后各器官的氮素累积量及叶、茎、鞘的花前贮存氮素转运量,同时增加了成熟期叶、茎、鞘的氮素残留量。营养器官的氮素累积量及花前贮存氮素的转运量在水分条件间和品种间也存在明显的差异。综合分析,在雨养条件下,京冬8号和宝麦38最适施氮量分别为240和120kg·hm-2,灌溉条件下均为120kg·hm-2。     

不同灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

为给彩色小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据,以紫色小麦KZ6061(紫麦)和绿色小麦绿麦1号(绿麦)为材料,通过田间试验研究灌水对彩色小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明,灌水处理对彩色小麦(紫麦和绿麦)的籽粒产量、千粒重、容重和籽粒蛋白质产量有显著影响,以B3灌水处理(春5叶、开花期和灌浆期灌水)最高,但与B2灌水处理(春5叶和开花期灌水)差异不显著.灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量影响不显著,对总蛋白和谷蛋白影响较大.其中,以B1灌水处理[春2叶露尖(二棱初期)、春5叶露尖(雌雄蕊分化期)和开花期灌水]的总蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高.紫麦的干湿面筋含量和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著,绿麦的沉淀值和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著.从籽粒产量和蛋白质产量以及水分有效利用考虑,以B2处理最佳.     

冬春季夜间增温对冬小麦植株氮代谢和籽粒蛋白质形成的影响

为明确非对称性增温对小麦籽粒品质的影响及其机理,以不同品质类型的扬麦13（弱筋）和烟农19（中筋）为材料,采用大田模拟增温的方法研究了冬春季夜间增温对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成的影响及其与植株氮代谢的关系。结果表明,冬季增温（WT）、春季增温（ST）及冬春季持续增温（WST）均不同程度地提高了冬小麦籽粒蛋白质、麦谷蛋白大聚合体（GMP）、高分子量和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基含量,且均以WST处理效应最大。同时,各增温处理对籽粒谷蛋白含量的提高幅度最大,并提高了谷醇比。各夜间增温处理均增加了开花期旗叶面积,提高了氮含量,增强了孕穗至花后21 d旗叶的硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性,说明夜间增温促进了叶片生长,增强了植株氮素同化能力。夜间增温处理显著提高了小麦植株氮素积累量及贮存氮素转运量,从而增加了氮素向籽粒的分配,促进了籽粒蛋白质合成。因此,冬春季夜间增温提高了小麦氮素吸收同化能力及氮素在籽粒中的分配比例,从而提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量,且冬春季持续增温对籽粒蛋白质形成有更大的促进效应。     

施磷量对不同类型专用小麦产量和品质的调控效应

为给优质小麦合理施肥提供依据，以强筋小麦中优9507、中筋小麦扬麦12号、弱筋小麦扬麦9号为材料，在缺磷土壤（速效磷含量4．10mg／kg）上研究了施磷量对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质、淀粉及其组分含量的影响。结果表明，强筋小麦中优9507在施磷量（P2O5）0～144kg／ha，中筋小麦扬麦12号和弱筋小麦扬麦9号在施磷量（P2O5）0～108kg／ha范围内，籽粒产量随施磷量增加而增加，继续增加施磷量，籽粒产量则呈下降趋势。中优9507与扬麦12号清蛋白含量施磷处理均高于不施磷处理，扬麦9号施磷则降低了清蛋白含量；增施磷肥后中优9507球蛋白含量下降，扬麦12号先下降后上升，而扬麦9号球蛋白含量有所上升；在上述施磷量范围内，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量随施磷量增加而增加，直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量均随施磷量增加而下降，继续增加施磷量，醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量下降，直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉含量有所上升。     

离体穗培养条件下C、N供给对小麦穗粒数、粒重及蛋白质含量的影响

为探究C、N供给时期和供给水平对小麦籽粒建成及蛋白质含量的影响,以冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,采用离体穗培养的方法,设置了三个蔗糖浓度(C1:20 g·L~(-1);C2:40g·L~(-1);C3:80g·L~(-1))和四个硝酸铵水平(N1:0.57g·L~(-1);N2:1.14g·L~(-1);N3:2.28g·L~(-1);N4:4.56g·L~(-1)),比较分析了开花期和花后7d培养的小麦穗粒数、粒重及籽粒蛋白质含量对C、N供响应的差异。结果表明,1)开花期增加C、N供给可明显提高小麦穗粒数,C3的穗粒数相比于C1、N3的穗粒数相比于N1分别增加23.5%和8.2%,且弱势粒增幅显著高于强势粒,高氮(N4)下穗粒数显著下降,N4的强、弱势粒数相比于N3分别降低4.8%和29.6%;花后7 d增加C、N供给对穗粒数无显著影响;两个时期比较,以开花期培养的小麦穗粒数更高。2)开花期和花后7 d增加C供给均能显著提高小麦粒重,C3的粒重相对于C1分别提高84.9%和41.5%,且弱势粒增幅大于强势粒;开花期适当增加N供给也能提高小麦粒重,N3的粒重相对于N1增加10.2%,花后7 d适当增加N供给对粒重无显著影响,高氮(N4)下粒重显著下降,且以弱势粒降幅较大;两个时期比较,以花后7 d培养的小麦粒重较高。3)小麦穗粒重随培养基C、N浓度的增加而增加,但高氮下穗粒重显著降低,且穗粒重受粒重的影响较大。4)小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质积累量随C浓度的增加而持续降低,随N浓度的增加而持续增加。综上可知,离体穗培养条件下C、N供给水平对小麦穗粒数、粒重及蛋白质含量的调控作用明显,其中开花期增加C、N供给的增粒增重效果更显著,以弱势粒反应更敏感;另外,穗粒数与粒重、粒重与蛋白质含量的调控具有一定矛盾性,其平衡协调仍需进一步研究。     

Effects of Application of N,P And K Alone Or In Combination on Growth,Yield And Curcumin Content of Turmeric(Curcuma Longa L.)

Abstract

The effect of nitrogen (N) application rates at active tillering and anthesis on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar, ‘Minaminokaori’, was examined in the field study conducted in Fukuoka, Japan. Number of spikes, leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD value at anthesis increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing N application rate at active tillering. Grain yield also increased significantly (P < 0.05) because of the increased number of spikes. However, grain yield did not increase significantly (P > 0.05) with increasing N application rate at anthesis. The slope of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain yield was about 3 times that of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain yield. These results indicate that N application at active tillering is more effective than N application at anthesis for increasing grain yield. Increasing N application rate at active tillering and anthesis generally increased grain protein content. However, the slope of the relationship between N application rate at anthesis and grain protein content was about 2 times that of the relationship between N application rate at active tillering and grain protein content. These results indicate that N application at anthesis is more effective than N application at active tillering for increasing grain protein content. The interaction between N application rates at active tillering and anthesis was significant (P < 0.05) for grain protein content. With the application of 4 g N m^–2 at active tillering, grain protein content increased linearly at a rate of about 0.5% per 1 g N m^–2 (from 10.9% to 14.0%) with increasing N application rate (from 0 to 6 g N m^–2) at anthesis. However, the rate of increase in grain protein content with increasing N application rate at anthesis was greater with 0 g N m^–2 at active tillering than that with 4 g N m^–2 at active tillering, whereas that with 8 g N m^–2 at active tillering was smaller than that with 4 g N m^–2 at active tillering. Application of 8 g N m^–2 at tillering resulted in the highest SPAD value at anthesis; this was followed by the results for 4 and 0 g N m^–2. Therefore, the SPAD value may be an important trait to decide N application rate at anthesis.     

株行距对小麦旗叶氮素代谢及籽粒蛋白质含量和产量的影响

为了明确小麦高产栽培的合理空间布局模式,在大田高产栽培条件下研究了行距与株距配置对花后旗叶氮素代谢及籽粒蛋白质含量的影响.结果表明,小麦旗叶氮含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性随籽粒灌浆进程逐渐下降,而谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性呈单峰变化.在整个灌浆期,随着行距与株距比例(行株比)增加,旗叶氮含量呈降低趋势,行株比为6的处理(RP2)旗叶氮含量在花后21 d以后优势明显,表明行株比例配置合理.不同时期旗叶NR活性均以RP2处理最高,其次是行株比为1.5的处理(RP1),行株比过大则NR活性降低.旗叶GS活性在花后0～7 d以行株比为6和10.5(RP3)的处理较高,自花后14 d以后不同处理间表现为RP2最高,其次为RP1和RP3,行株比为15的RP4处理最低.考察最终蛋白质含量及籽粒产量,不同行株比处理间差异为RP2>RP1>RP3>RP4,RP2处理的行株比适宜,蛋白质含量和产量均显著高于其他处理,空间布局最为均匀的RP1处理也具有较好的效果.     

Responses of glutamine synthetase activity and gene expression to nitrogen levels in winter wheat cultivars with different grain protein content

Glutamine synthetase (GS) plays a central role in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism, which improves crops grain protein content. A pot experiment in field condition was carried out to evaluate GS expression and activity, and grain protein content in high (Wanmai16) and low grain protein (Loumai24) wheat cultivars under two N levels (0.05 and 0.15 g N kg⁻¹ soil). High nitrogen (HN) resulted in significant increases in GS1 and GS2 expression at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and higher GS activity during the entire grain filling stage. HN also significantly increased yield, grain protein content and protein fraction (except for glutenin of Luomai24) in two wheat cultivars, which indicated that it increased grain yield and protein content by improving nitrogen metabolism. Wanmai16 showed higher grain protein content, gliadin and glutenin content, and had higher expression level of GS2 both in flag leaves and grains at early grain filling stage. However, Luomai24 had greater yield and higher expression level of GS1. The difference expression of GS2 and GS1 genes indicates they had various contributions to the accumulation of protein and starch in wheat grains, respectively. The results suggest that GS2 would be serving as a potential breeding target for improving wheat quality.     

Effects of Seeding Rate and Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Protein Content of the Bread Wheat Cultivar ‘Minaminokaori’ in Southwestern Japan

Abstract

We examined the effects of seeding rate, 50 or 150 seeds m-², nitrogen (N) application rate at active tillering and jointing, 4 and 2 g N m-², respectively, or none, and N application rate at anthesis, 0, 2, 4, or 6 g N m-², on grain yield and protein content of a bread wheat cultivar, ‘Minaminokaori’, during the 2004–2005 crop season in southwestern Japan. Grain yield was similar at a seeding rate of 50 and 150 seeds m-². It was higher when 4 and 2 g N m-² were applied at active tillering and jointing, respectively (4–2N), than when no N was applied at these stages (0–0N). However, it was not influenced by N application rate at anthesis. Grain protein content was similar at 50 and 150 seeds m-². It was higher in 4–2N than in 0–0N. It was the highest when 6 g N m-² was applied at anthesis, followed by 4, 2, and 0 g N m-². The SPAD value at anthesis was higher at 50 than 150 seeds m-², but leaf area index (LAI) at anthesis was similar at 50 and 150 seeds m-² and protein content of grain was nearly the same at 50 and 150 seeds m-² irrespective of N application rate at anthesis. LAI and the SPAD value were higher in 4–2N than in 0–0N and the protein content of grain was also higher in 4–2N than in 0–0N irrespective of N application rate at anthesis. Therefore, both LAI and the SPAD value may be important traits related to the N application rate at anthesis suitable for yielding wheat grain with a high protein content.     

关中冬小麦叶片氮素含量高光谱遥感监测模型

为给黄土高原大范围的冬小麦氮素营养遥感监测提供理论依据,通过田间试验,研究了冬小麦叶片氮素含量遥感监测的最佳生育时期、最敏感波段及其他最优光谱参量。结果表明,灌浆期是利用高光谱遥感监测冬小麦叶片氮素营养状况的最佳生育时期;在拔节、抽穗和灌浆期680nm波段光谱反射率R680均能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量,基于光谱位置以及叶面积指数的光谱参量也能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量。拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别以680nm波段光谱反射率R680、绿峰反射率Rg和植被指数(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)对小麦叶片氮素含量的拟合效果最佳,其回归方程分别为Y=27.54-280.247 X+1456.245 X2、Y=8.632 X-0.24和Y=25.83 X1.012。     

Optically assessed contents of leaf polyphenolics and chlorophyll as indicators of nitrogen deficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

There is an increasing need for diagnostic tools that can assess the crop nitrogen (N) nutrition status during the growth cycle. In addition to the leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, we proposed here the use of the leaf content of polyphenolics (Phen) as a potential indicator of crop N status. Because of their absorption features in the visible and in the UV part of the spectrum, both Chl and Phen can be measured by rapid and non-destructive optical methods. Therefore, we used two leaf-clip devices, the Minolta SPAD-502 for Chl, and the Dualex for Phen. The latter is a prototype (patent pending) that measures the UV absorbance of the leaf epidermis, which is related to the leaf Phen content. Dynamics of Phen and Chl were measured on the last fully developed leaves of two winter wheat cultivars subjected to different levels of N availability, from tillering to flowering, in 2001, 2002 and 2003. Both Phen and Chl contents were found to increase along the leaf, starting from the ligula, regardless of the stage of development. Both variables were highly correlated with the N concentration of leaves. The average Chl content of the leaf increased, and the average Phen content decreased, with the increased application of N to the field, irrespective of the growth stage, the cultivar and the year of experiment. Therefore, both Phen and Chl can be considered as probes of the crop N nutrition status. Still, the relationship between Chl and the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI), used as a reference indicator of N deficiency, was influenced by the growth stage, whereas the year of experiment affected the relationship between Phen and the NNI. We also propose the use of the simple Chl/Phen ratio as an indicator of leaf N content at the canopy level, for future application in precision agriculture. This ratio would alleviate, at least partially, the problem of gradients along leaves, and would even accentuate the differences among levels of crop N deficiencies because of the Chl and Phen inverse dependence on the crop N nutrition status.     

不同温光型专用小麦品种花后旗叶生理与籽粒淀粉积累特性

为探索不同温光型专用小麦籽粒淀粉的积累规律及其与植株生长状况的关系,在大田条件下,以2类温光型和3种筋型的小麦品种为材料,研究花后旗叶的生理特性和籽粒淀粉及组分积累情况。结果表明,旗叶中叶绿素含量在灌浆前期(0~21d)维持较高,后期迅速下降,但2个弱筋型品种下降速度缓慢;半冬性品种旗叶中可溶性蛋白含量均大于弱春性品种,而丙二醛(MDA)含量小于弱春性品种,差异均达极显著水平(P0.01)。不同筋型籽粒淀粉组分和总淀粉的积累动态以弱筋型品种最具优势,其直链淀粉含量均在花后14d进入快速增长期,支链淀粉和总淀粉含量在花后28d仍在持续增加,最终以半冬性弱筋品种的籽粒产量和淀粉产量最高(P0.01)。灌浆前期(0~21d),叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量与直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈显著和极显著的相关性(P0.01,P0.05);灌浆后期(21~28d),与直链淀粉的相关性不显著,而叶绿素含量与支链淀粉含量的相关性增大。由此可见,旗叶维持较高的叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量,较低的丙二醛含量在灌浆前期有利于直链淀粉的积累,后期有利于支链淀粉的积累。     

毛细管电泳图谱在小麦品种鉴定中的应用及其与品质的关系

为了给种质资源和育种研究、种子管理及新品种保护提供理论依据,用优质面包小麦中优9507和中优9701的4个杂交组合CA9614/中优9507、CA9614/中优9701、中优16/津麦2号//中优9701和中优9507/CA9640的46份高代品系,研究了毛细管电泳在鉴别亲缘关系很近的小麦品种中的应用潜力及醇溶蛋白组成与加工品质的关系.结果表明,4个杂交组合醇溶蛋白毛细管电泳分离峰的聚类分析结果与其选择历史一致,说明毛细管电泳是小麦品种(系)鉴定的有效方法.来自于同一F3或F4株系的亲缘关系很近的杂交后代在6～8 min或10～12 min的分离峰中存在较大差异,说明毛细管电泳能够用于鉴定亲缘关系很近的品种.品质表现一致的材料其醇溶蛋白组成无明显共性,说明醇溶蛋白组成对小麦蛋白质含量、SDS沉淀值和揉面特性等品质性状影响不大.     

穗发芽率和发芽指数及STS标记Vp1B3在小麦抗穗发芽基因型鉴定中的应用

为了筛选抗穗发芽品种(系)并了解其抗性机制,应用整穗发芽法和发芽指数鉴定了33份小麦新品系的穗发芽抗性,以红粒品种京冬8号和京9428作为抗穗发芽对照,以白粒品种京411和中优9507作为感穗发芽对照,并结合共显性STS标记Vp1B3对其基因型进行检测.结果表明,穗发芽率(SGR)低于抗性对照京冬8号和京9428平均值(12.7%)的品系有7份,其中2份为白粒,5份为红粒.只有一份红粒品系CA0489的发芽指数(GI)低于抗性对照平均值(13.2%).应用STS标记Vp1B3共扩增出849 bp、569 bp和652 bp三种片段,分别属于抗穗发芽基因型Vp1Bb和Vp1Bc及感穗发芽基因型Vp1Ba,其频率分别为3%、18%和79%.红粒抗穗发芽品系CA0489属于Vp1Bb基因型和红色种皮休眠型,CA0481属于Vp1Bc抗穗发芽基因型,另外三份红粒抗穗发芽品系的抗性机理还需要进一步研究;白粒抗穗发芽品系CA0509和CA0459的抗性为非Vp1B3类型,其抗性可能与穗部性状和颖壳抑制物有关.     

不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量的差异

为探讨超高产条件下不同产量潜力小麦品种冠层光截获特性及产量差异,于2016-2017年小麦生长季,以烟农1212、济麦22和良星99三个产量潜力不同的小麦品种为材料,在山东省兖州市小孟镇史家王子村超高产田进行试验,研究三个小麦品种群体动态、叶面积指数、冠层光截获特性、花后旗叶光合速率及产量的差异。结果表明:(1)烟农1212的分蘖成穗率及开花后28d和35d的叶面积指数、冠层PAR(光合有效辐射)截获率均显著高于济麦22和良星99,而花后14～35d,PAR透射率表现为良星99济麦22烟农1212。(2)开花后0d和7d,烟农1212和济麦22的旗叶光合速率无显著差异,均显著高于良星99;花后14～35d烟农1212的旗叶光合速率显著高于济麦22和良星99。(3)品种间单位面积穗数无显著差异,烟农1212的穗粒数和籽粒产量均显著高于济麦22和良星99,千粒重显著高于良星99。在本试验条件下,烟农1212是冠层光截获特性最优、籽粒产量最高的小麦品种。     

叶考拉F70及其后代在中国小麦品质改良中的应用

品质和产量同步改良是小麦育种的重要目标.自20世纪70年代开始,本研究利用来自CIM-MYT的优质小麦叶考拉F70(Yecora F70)进行品质育种,先后育成优质面包小麦品系京771和中作8131-1、中优9507、中优206等三个优质强筋小麦新品种,产量水平得到逐步提高.中优206较好地实现了优质和高产的结合.中作8131-1及其衍生系已成为中国小麦品质育种的重要优质源之一.本文系统介绍了Yecora F70及其后代在品质育种中应用的最新进展,目的是为中国小麦品质育种提供方法和经验.