乌龙茶的花色品种(续)

9.漳平水仙茶饼 水仙茶饼又名"纸包茶",原产于福建省漳平市双洋镇中村.采用水仙品种茶树鲜叶按乌龙茶制作,将其揉捻叶用木模压成四方饼形成烘干而成.     

漳平水仙茶饼造型包装材料试验研究初报

漳平水仙茶饼制作工艺流程为鲜叶→晒青→晾青→做青(摇青与晾青交替)→杀青→揉捻→造型(含造型与定型)→烘焙.造型过程中木模压制造型、白纸定型是漳平水仙茶饼的特有工序,其方法是将适量的揉捻叶放入边长约4.5厘米的木模,套入木槌舂紧,然后一手压紧木槌,另一手将木模沿木槌往上取出,最后用24开的毛边白纸将茶块包实.     

漳平水仙茶饼定型与烘焙技术

漳平水仙茶饼属乌龙茶类的紧压茶,其制作工艺独特,在国内属首创.它采自水仙品种,加工工艺流程为:晒青--凉青--摇青(凉青与摇青反复三至四遍)--杀青--揉捻--定型--烘焙--成茶.     

漳平水仙荼饼定型与烘焙技术

漳平水仙茶饼属乌龙茶类的紧压茶，其制作工艺独特，在国内属首创。它采自水仙品种，加工工艺流程为：晒青———凉青———摇青（凉青与摇青反复三至四遍）———杀青———揉捻———定型———烘焙———成茶。成茶的品质特征在于形状呈正方形，色泽青褐间蜜黄或乌褐间金黄，香气清幽似兰或桂花，馥郁持久，滋味醇厚活泼而又润滑回甘，经久耐泡，汤色金黄或橙黄明亮，叶底完整黄嫩匀亮、红边鲜明等特点。漳平水仙茶饼品质优异，特征明显，颇具个性魅力。此种独特风格的形成，与其加工过程的定型与烘焙技术有密切关系。漳平水仙茶饼１９９…     

高海拔山区铁观音加工技术

正1.采青露水干后或午后采摘驻芽二、三叶(小开面)的茶叶用盛茶篓装好,采后及时运回,进行摊凉。2.晒青晴天傍晚把鲜叶置于微弱阳光下晾晒至叶色暗绿,晒青最好用凉筛,每筛晾茶青0.5kg左右。晒青适度为:第一、二叶下垂,鲜叶达轻萎凋状态,叶面失去光泽,叶色转暗绿,叶质变软,叶稍卷缩,梗折不断。手捏略有弹性感,青气减退,香气显露。晒10~15min,减重率5%~8%。3.凉青将晒青适度的叶子置于凉青架上,每筛摊叶0.5~0.7kg。凉青过程要轻翻2~3次,使水分散发均匀。待其"还阳"恢复茶原状,时间约1h,才开始摇青。空调房温度为18~20℃、空气相对湿度为65%~70%。4.摇青清香型铁观音的摇青一般为3次,即第一摇"动动"、第     

名优乌龙茶—武夷水仙的制作工艺

武夷水仙茶,是当今岩茶出口的一个重要品种。近几年来,本人在研究探索其制作工艺,终于制出了品质优异的成品茶,在1995年参加武夷山岩茶评比中获得第一名。1996年参加全省名优茶评比中获得优质茶奖。现对几年来摸索所得加以总结。1鲜叶采摘标准及管理水仙鲜叶原料以中开面一芽三叶为佳,据试验对比：小开面开采的成茶香低味涩,大开面开采的吃水淡薄。采摘应严加管理,应轻收轻放,速运,薄摊,通风,防止损伤劣变。依不同采摘时间,树龄,早晚育,雨水青,分别摊放管理。2＄凋萎调叶温度不超过34～36℃,以25℃左右为宜。萎调的相对湿度…     

九华佛茶加工新工艺

<正>九华佛茶标准正在修订过程中,新的九华佛茶包括扁直形和卷曲形两种形状。新的标准定义是:九华佛茶产于池州市境内区域环境与九华山区域环境相似的茶区,茶园土壤成土母质以花岗岩或页岩分化物为主,以优质茶树良种鲜叶为原料,按照特定工艺加工而成的芽叶扁直或卷曲成条,色泽翠绿,内质香高味醇的优质绿茶。两种形状九华佛茶的区别在于做形,扁直形九华佛茶用6CLZ-80-12D型茶叶多用理条机和米棒子理条+压扁;卷曲形九华佛茶用揉捻机和解块机揉捻+解块。根据新的标准,九华佛茶的工艺流程是:鲜叶采摘→摊青→杀青→做形→烘干。1.鲜叶采摘     

八仙乌龙茶的初制技术

八仙茶是80年代选育成功的乌龙茶新品种,萌芽早(2月下旬),产量高(亩产干毛茶250kg),适制乌龙茶,产品具香高、味浓、回味甘醇、耐冲泡等特点,深受消费者喜爱。目前该品种已在闽、粤茶区广泛推广。八仙茶又是茶名,属乌龙茶,主要选用八仙茶品种的茶树鲜叶制成。此茶以新梢顶芽形成驻芽时,即顶叶展开时(俗称中开面)采摘三叶嫩梢为原料。顶芽未形成驻芽、顶叶未展开时采摘,其制成的茶叶品质不佳,外形瘦小,色泽灰暗,香气低,滋味苦涩。顶叶大展开时采摘,制成的茶叶品质也不佳,外形粗松轻飘,色泽赤燥,香气低,滋味淡。根据实践经验,一日之中以上午9时以后至下午4时以前这段时间采回的鲜叶(俗称午青)制茶品质最好,下午4时以后采回的鲜叶(俗称晚青)制茶品质较差,上午9时以前采回的鲜叶(俗称早青)制茶品质最差。八仙茶初制分10道工序完成,下面按工序介绍其初制方法。 1.凉青。采回的鲜叶及时摊放在直径110cm的竹制水筛内,每筛摊0.5～1kg,放置在凉青架上,以散发热量,保持鲜叶的新鲜。因为鲜叶自茶树上采下后,受到机械损伤,失水快,呼吸作用增强,产生大量热量,如不及时摊凉散热,会使叶温升高,促进叶子呼吸作用     

闽南乌龙茶的制法

乌龙茶的创制在明清时期,由安溪茶农在绿茶制法的基础上发展成乌龙茶制法,先传入闽北、广东潮州,后传入台湾。乌龙茶的传统手工制法,多达十几道工序。1949年以来,随着生产的发展和机械的应用,乌龙茶的生产方式发生了不少变化。乌龙茶生产从传统的手工生产到半机械化生产,20世纪90年代实现了机械化生产,并向自动化和智能化生产方面发展。闽南乌龙茶制作工艺流程为:鲜叶→摊青→萎凋→凉青→摇青→杀青→揉捻→初烘→包揉造型→足火。     

漳平水仙茶饼品质特征及制作技术

水仙茶饼系乌龙茶紧压茶，源自漳平市双洋镇中村村，创制于民国初期(约1934年)，属历史名茶。水仙茶饼的制作综合了闽北与闽南乌龙茶的初制技术，主要特点是晒青较重，做青前期阶段使用水筛摇青，做青后期阶段使用摇青机摇青，前后各两次，炒青后采用木模压制造型、白纸定型是特有的工序，再经精细的烘焙，便形成了其独特的优异品质。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。