不同微肥在马铃薯上应用效果的研究

本试验用５种微肥喷施马铃薯春疸及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标的影响进行研究。其结果为：不同微肥对其产量及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标具有不同的效果，其效果显的有硼、铜、锌三种，钼和锰效果不显。     

不同生长素在马铃薯上应用效果的研究

本试验用 4种生长素喷施马铃薯 ,对其产量及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标的影响进行了系统的研究。其结果为 ,不同生长素对产量及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标具有不同的效果 ,其效果极显著的有GA3、BA两种 ,IAA、NAA效果显著     

玉米品种间产量性状遗传与生理指标的研究

本试验收集了当地主栽的10个玉米品种,对其产量及产量性状、生长发育和各项生理指标进行测定与研究,其结果:产量随植株生育期的延长而提高;产量及产量性状随生理指标的增高而提高。     

商豆1099不同密度、施肥量与产量关系的研究

研究不同施肥量、密度对夏大豆生长发育情况及产量的影响，其结果表明：9种处理中，以施用60kg/667m^2三元复合肥(含微肥)，种植密度为1．4万株／667m^2的处理对大豆增产效果最好、产量最高。     

玉米不同时期缺水胁迫对产量和生理指标的影响

玉米不同时期缺水胁迫对产量影响极大,而且对生长发育、产量性状和生理指标都具有极大的影响.其实质由于缺水胁迫使植株光合速率降低,有机物积累减少,生理功能和各项指标降低,生长发育停滞.对产量影响最大的是拔节期干旱,其次是抽雄期,再次是苗期,并都达到极显著标准。     

甜菜喷施微肥试验简报

为了探讨微量元素及植物生长调节剂对甜菜生长发育及块根产量和含糖率的影响,在甜菜的生长发育期间进行了不同微肥处理试验,为生产上合理施用微肥及植物生长调节剂,提高甜菜块根产量及含糖率提供科学依据。     

植物生长调节剂对玉米生理指标及产量的影响

1992～1993年于哈尔滨采用四单19号玉米杂交种，进行了不同植物生长调节剂对玉米生长发育及生理指标和产量影响的研究．结果表明；不同植物生长调节剂对玉米生长发育及生理指标和产量有一定的影响，施用植物生长调节剂可提高产量、改善品质、增加经济效益．     

不同生物菌肥节氮效果及对水稻生长发育和产量的影响

于2018年在黑龙江省农科院绥化分院试验区开展生物节氮增产技术对水稻生长发育和产量性状的影响试验,采用四种不同生物菌肥处理与常规施肥技术相比较,考查不同生物菌肥处理对水稻生长发育性状、产量构成因子和产量相关指标及节氮效果。结果表明,奕源生物菌剂处理节肥最多,比对照减氮肥18.6%,产量与对照相当。万丰达掺混肥处理产量最高,节肥量低于奕源生物菌剂处理,比对照减氮肥10.5%。以此明确不同生物菌肥的节氮效果,利用生物菌剂固氮补充水稻生长中后期所缺的氮养分,提高氮肥利用效率,达到作物减氮后防病安全增产的目的。     

复合肥与微量元素配施对玉米产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了复合肥与微量元素配施对玉米产量和品质的影响，结果表明：复合肥配施复合微肥、硫酸锌等微量元素能明显促进植株的生长发育，增加籽实产量；但与稀土配施对植株的生长发育及籽实产量无明显影响。复合微肥与微量元素配施对玉米的品质有不同的影响：复合微肥对可溶性糖的影响较大，硫酸锌对总淀粉的影响较大，而稀土对总淀粉、可溶性糖及粗蛋白的影响均较大。因此，建议复合肥厂家在生产N、P、K三元素复合肥时最好填加复合微肥及硫酸锌。     

砂壤土重茬大豆生长发育及调控措施研究

对砂壤土上重茬大豆生长发育情况及调控措施进行了初步研究.结果表明:砂壤土上重茬大豆生长发育各项指标受连作影响均不同程度低于对照,重茬大豆成熟期的株高、植株干重和产量与正茬大豆相比分别降低了1.86％、56.54％和20.99％.2种调控措施均减轻了连作障碍,微肥处理重茬大豆成熟期时植株干重和产量分别比普通重茬大豆增加了...     

稀土溶液浸种对向日葵生长及生理活性的影响

利用盆栽法研究稀土溶液浸种对向日葵生长及生理活性的影响。试验结果表明,适宜浓度(0.3％)的稀土溶液能够促进向日葵的生长,增加株高,扩大叶面积,刺激根系发育,有利于干物质积累。同时,稀土对叶片中各种光合色素的含量和某些生理生化特性有提高和促进作用。     

铁的生理功能及其对水稻产量和品质影响的研究综述

铁是植物生长发育必需的微量元素,也是人体生长不可缺少的微量元素之一.稻米是世界上50％以上人口的主食,水稻可有效从土壤中吸收铁元素供人类食用,改善人类铁缺乏的现状.本文综述了水稻中铁的生理功能和水稻对铁的吸收及转运调控机制,重点阐述了缺铁和铁过量对水稻生长发育、产量和品质的影响,并提出了未来该领域的研究方向,以期为水稻...     

微量元素对水稻苗期的生理作用

通过对123个不同水稻品种在纯水、5种大量元素和5种大量元素+8种微量元素3个处理条件下的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率等11项生理指标变化情况进行了试验研究,结果表明:加入8种微量元素,水稻苗期的平均株高、平均根数、平均单株总根长、单株干重、单株鲜重、单株苗干重、去苗后籽粒干重和种子贮藏物质利用率等8项生理指标都得到极显著的提高,说明8种微量元素对水稻幼苗的生长作用极其明显,而且微量元素有促进种子内部营养转化,加快幼苗生长的作用。     

Development, growth and chemical composition of the potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.). I. leaf and stem

Summary In this first part of a review the development of the potato leaf and stem is described, based on research data and literature. The development over time, the daily changes of fresh and dry matter, the contents of organic and inorganic components (dry matter, starch, sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid, nitrogenous compounds, nitrate, glycoalkaloids, chlorophyll, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Na, trace elements), and physiological parameters (rate of assimilation and photosynthesis, activity of enzymes) of the leaf and stem are described and discussed for every phenological growth stage of the potato crop.     

Genetic analysis and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with reproductive-growth traits and grain yield under drought stress in a doubled haploid line population of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Drought is a major constraint for rice production and yield stability in rainfed ecosystems, especially when it occurs during the reproductive stage. Combined genetic and physiological analysis of reproductive-growth traits and their effects on yield and yield components under drought stress is important for dissecting the biological bases of drought resistance and for rice yield improvement in water-limited environments. A subset of a doubled haploid (DH) line population of CT9993-5-10-1-M/IR62266-42-6-2 was evaluated for variation in plant water status, phenology, reproductive-growth traits, yield and yield components under reproductive-stage drought stress and irrigated (non-stress) conditions in the field. Since this DH line population was previously used in extensive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping of various drought resistance component traits, we aimed at identifying QTLs for specific reproductive-growth and yield traits and also to validate the consensus QTLs identified earlier in these DH lines using meta-analysis. DH lines showed significant variation for plant water status, reproductive-growth traits, yield and yield components under drought stress. Total dry matter, number of panicles per plant, harvest index, panicle harvest index, panicle fertility, pollen fertility, spikelet fertility and hundred grain weight had significant positive correlations with grain yield under drought stress. A total of 46 QTLs were identified for the various traits under stress and non-stress conditions with phenotypic effect ranging from 9.5 to 35.6% in this study. QTLs for panicle exsertion, peduncle length and pollen fertility, identified for the first time in this study, could be useful in marker-assisted breeding (MAB) for drought resistance in rice. A total of 97 QTLs linked to plant growth, phenology, reproductive-growth traits, yield and its components under non-stress and drought stress, identified in this study as well as from earlier published information, were subjected to meta-analysis. Meta-analysis identified 23 MQTLs linked to plant phenology and production traits under stress conditions. Among them, four MQTLs viz., 1.3 for plant height, 3.1 for days to flowering, 8.1 for days to flowering or delay in flowering and 9.1 for days to flowering are true QTLs. Consensus QTLs for reproductive-growth traits and grain yield under drought stress have been identified on chromosomes 1 and 9 using meta-QTL analysis in these DH lines. These MQTLs associated with reproductive-growth, grain yield and its component traits under drought stress could be useful targets for drought resistance improvement in rice through MAB and/or map-based positional analysis of candidate genes.     

高温胁迫对玉米关键生育期生理特性和产量的影响研究进展

以气候变暖及极端气候为主要特征的全球气候变化,会对农业生产产生重大影响,甚至威胁全球粮食安全。随着技术进步和社会对粮食需求的改变,玉米已成为中国第一大粮食作物。高温胁迫对玉米生理生化特征及生长发育产生不利影响,导致玉米产量和品质降低。本文对高温胁迫对与产量相关的玉米器官的生理生化影响和不同生育期高温胁迫对玉米生长及产量的影响进行综述。高温胁迫对玉米细胞膜及抗氧化系统、叶片光合作用及相关酶活性、雄穗分支分化及花粉活力、雌穗吐丝及花丝活力、子粒内淀粉合成相关酶活性均有负面影响;不同生育期高温胁迫对产量及产量构成有不同程度影响,玉米生育期对高温胁迫的敏感程度由高到低分别为开花期灌浆期穗期苗期。同一生育期高温胁迫在不同玉米品种间亦有较大差异。     

影响马铃薯块茎品质性状的环境因子分析

马铃薯品质主要取决于块茎成分及其含量,包括淀粉、蛋白质、糖和维生素等。块茎内各成分的含量除受遗传基础和生理特性控制外,还主要因自然生态环境条件和人为栽培因素的不同而发生变化。本文主要介绍了影响马铃薯品质性状的光照、温度、水分、土壤特性等自然生态环境因素,以及种植密度、肥料、病虫害等人为栽培因素。通过对影响马铃薯块茎品质性状的生态条件和栽培因素的分析,进一步了解块茎品质与环境因子的相互关系和作用机理,为马铃薯引种工作提供一定的科学依据。     

整薯播种对马铃薯生育及产量的影响

1979～1984年,在黑龙江省北部黑土地区气象条件、生产水平和栽培条件下,通过田间试验,研究了整薯播种对马铃薯生育和产量的影响。结果表明:整薯播种与传统习惯的切块播种相比,6年期间平产出现频率为2次,一般年份整薯播种比切块播种增产9～12%,在春旱严重的1980年,整薯播种表现出非常突出的抗旱保苗效果。在群体叶面积发展进程上,整薯播种表现早发早衰,切块播种晚发晚表,一般年份光合势前者比后者高9.6%,春旱严重的1980年高82.8%。块茎商品率以112.5克为准时,6年平均整薯播种为74.1%,切块播种为80.0%,两者相差5.9%;以50克为准时,整薯播种为97.3%,切块播种为98.2%,两者相差0.9%。     

Intercropping potatoes in early spring in a temperate climate. 2. Radiation utilization

Summary Three experiments on intercopping potatoes with cabbage are reported in which the cabbage crop was transplanted between rows of potatoes prior to planting. The cabbages were removed before the canopies of the component crops overlapped, but comparison with sole crops showed that the ground cover of both crops had been retarded. This early competition affected both the amount of radiation intercepted by the potato crop and its efficiency of conversion into dry matter. As a result the sum of the radiation intercepted by the intercrops in no instance exceeded that of the sole potato crops. The evidence suggests that largely before any significant competition for light due to mutual shading, competition for water, nitrogen and possibly other essential elements, took place, with repercussions for canopy growth for the remainder of the growing season.