茶園間作对茶樹生長的影响

一前言茶叶,是我国最大的特产之一,栽培面积遍及云南、四川、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、贵州、江苏、河南、陕西等15省。在这些省内,不论那一省,也不论是高山与丘林茶区或平地茶区,都有间作习惯。有的是与     

2008中国茶叶学会团体会员会议召开

12月3～4日，2008中国茶叶学会团体会员会议在江苏宜兴召开。江苏省宜兴市人民政府市长王中书先生应邀出席开幕式，并致欢迎词；中国茶叶学会理事长杨亚军研究员作了重要讲话。出席开幕式的领导和专家还有中国茶叶学会名誉理事长陈宗懋院士，中国茶叶学会副理事长冯廷俭高级农艺师、王云研究员、刘仲华教授，中国茶叶学会常务理事麦楚均高级农艺师、梁月荣教授、段家祥高级农艺师等。来自安徽、北京、福建、广西、贵州、海南、河南、湖北、湖南、江苏、江西、山东、陕西、上海、四川、重庆、台湾、云南、浙江等19个省、市、自治区共400多名会员代表参加了会议。     

2013年为《茶叶科学》审稿的专家名单

朱旗、苏祝成、何普明、江和源、陆建良、李大祥、成浩、梁月荣、林智、张正竹、屠幼英、阮建云、尹军峰、陈宗懋、韩文炎、傅冬和、龚淑英、张新忠、姜爱芹、章明奎、孙晓玲、付建玉、區少梅、陈亮、权启爱、杨万根、赵冬香、黎星辉、龚雨顺、郭雅玲、马立锋、汪建、     

中国茶叶学会成立30周年学术讨论会在昆明举行

中国茶叶学会成立３０周年学术讨论会在昆明举行中国茶叶学会成立３０周年学术讨论会于１９９４年８月１８—２０日在云南省昆明市召开。来自云南、贵州、四川、浙江、江苏、江西、福建、安徽、湖南、湖北、广东、广西、山东、上海、北京、河南、河北、陕西等１８个省、市...     

中国茶名搜趣(三)

（十）香气滋味类 带＂香＂字的茶名：香山云尖、香山翠峰、香菇寮白毫、秋香、兰香茶、早香茶、红香螺、天香云翠、高香绿茶、三杯香、半天香、竹筒香茶、珊厚香茶、凤眼香茶、文君香茗、天鹅香茗、方坪香茗、家园香茗、沫若香茗、苦甘香茗、龙都香茗、神农溪真香茗、仙寓香芽、百杯香芽、猛洞香雪、紫阳香毫、九嶷香风、古北翠香、     

茶道

何为茶道,茶为何道?众说纷纭。笔者另辟新径,从道家、儒家和佛家思想来诠释茶道,并以亲身示范来让品茶人体悟茶道,感受其境、其入、其行和其德。以小见大,以简单见复杂。得出茶道之德为:怡、和、清、静、寂、通、慧、明、行、功、俭、德、圆、融、合、归。阅读此文前,不妨先泡一杯茶,然后细细品味一下吧。     

欢迎订阅《中国茶叶》

正《中国茶叶》是由农业部主管、中国农业科学院茶叶研究所主办的茶叶技术刊物,其宗旨是宣传、推广、普及茶叶科学技术,弘扬茶文化,传播茶叶信息。主要报道茶叶生产、科研、流通、经贸、教育等领域的实用技术、先进经验、最新研究成果和新方法,以及茶文化、茶与健康、茶叶基础理论、学术动态等。设有本刊特稿、政策法规、专题·综述、试验研究、经济·管理、技术指南、产业论坛、基层园地、历史文化等栏目。本刊是广大茶叶干部、技术推广人员、茶叶经营者、茶厂(场)工     

浙江茶情（3）

会期3天的联合国粮农组织政府间茶叶工作组（FAO—IGG）第18届会议于5月16日在杭州胜利闭幕。出席本次会议的有国内外代表近百人，包括来自孟加拉国、加拿大、中国、德国、印度、印度尼西亚、日本、斯里兰卡、肯尼亚、马拉维、摩洛哥、布隆迪、泰国、英国、坦桑尼亚、美国、津巴布韦等17个茶叶生产与消费成员国代表。国际知识产权组织、共同商品基金、国际茶叶协会、欧洲茶叶委员会、温洛克、     

中国云南茶树新种和新变种

本文报道了近年来在云南省发现的17个茶树新种和1个新变种,即:大苞茶、广南茶、疏齿茶、马关茶、哈尼茶、圆基茶、多瓣茶、老黑茶、勐腊茶、拟细萼茶、德宏茶、假秃房茶、多萼茶、多脉茶、紫果茶、元江茶、高树茶和苦茶。     

第九届粳稻发展论坛隆重召开

<正>由北方稻作科学技术协会主办、日本佐竹公司协办的"第九届粳稻发展论坛"于2011年8月21～23日在北京隆重召开。来自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、河南、山东、江西、江苏、安徽、内蒙、新疆、宁夏、北京、天津等省、市、自治区及日本共计172位水稻各界代表参加了会议。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.     

WTO与茶叶--法治、创新、流通、标准、茶协

本文从以法治茶;科技创新,以新品种、新技术、新机械设备,促使茶产品"升级换代;搞活流通;建立"茶市场",规范管理;实施标准,创立名牌;发挥协会、学会、商会的作用.由政府牵头,调动官、企、产、学、研各方面力量,建设浙茶为现代化、产业化的强省,为"入世"作好积极的准备.     

Ester and ether linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and lignins from wheat,rice, rye,and barley straws,maize stems,and fast-growing poplar wood

Treatment of solvent extracted wheat, rice, rye, and barley straws, maize stems, and fast-growing poplar wood with 60% aqueous ethanol in 0.2 M HCl at 75 °C for 3 h released 51.8, 51.2, 47.2, 43.7, 54.0, and 16.7% of the original lignin, and 44.3, 50.3, 30.9, 36.1, 40.0, and 25.5% of the original hemicelluloses, respectively. It was found that the bulk of p-coumaric acid (PCA) (67.0–83.5%) was esterified at the lignin side chains, while ferulic acid (FA) is linked to lignin side chains through both ether bonds (51.6–68.3%) and ester bonds (31.7–48.4%), indicating that FA may form intra- and/or inter-molecular ester–ether bridges between lignin fragments, which is first proposed in this study. In addition to p-hydroxybenzoic acid esterified to lignins in the cell walls of wheat straw and fast-growing poplar wood, a small portion of ether-linked p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the lignin preparations, obtained from rice, rye, and barley straws and maize stems, was also detected. It was also detected that noticeable amounts of syringic and vanillic acids were predominantly esterified to the lignin molecules in the cell walls of the materials studied.     

Plant population,planting date,and germplasm effects on guayule latex,rubber, and resin yields

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha^?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha^?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha^?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines.     

Fucanomics and galactanomics: marine distribution, medicinal impact, conceptions, and challenges

Glycomics turned out to be a very extensive project where its subdivision is consequently emerging. This is seen by the growing number of terminologies used to define subprojects concerning particular classes of bioactive carbohydrates. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are relatively new classes of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) that occur mostly in marine organisms, and exhibit a broad range of medicinal effects. Their structures are taxonomically dependent, and their therapeutic actions include benefits in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cancer, oxidation, and infections. Some red algae, marine angiosperm and invertebrates express SPs of unique structures composed of regular repeating oligomeric units of well-defined sulfation patterns. This fine pattern of structural regularity is quite rare among any naturally occurring long SPs, and enables accurate structure-biofunction correlations. Seeing that, fucanomics and galactanomics may comprise distinguished glycomics subprojects. We hereby discuss the relevance that justifies the international recognition of these subprojects in the current glycomics age associated with the beneficial outcomes that these glycans may offer in drug development.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes

The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols, squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol, ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains, and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols, and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable.     

Structure Elucidation of New Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides A,B, C,D, and E,and Non-Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides F and G,from the Viscera of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni

Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]⁺ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins.