华南晚籼夜公细胞质（Y型）雄性不育系的选育

由华南晚籼迟熟品种夜公细胞质育成了Y型不育系,证明华南晚籼迟熟品种中存在着雄性不育细胞质。Y型雄性不育细胞质效应优于野败,其不育系表现全不育,不育性稳定,恢保关系与野败相似,生育期遗传多样化,配合力强,已由其育成一批强优组合。由Y华农A育成的华优86和华优桂99 表现高产稳产、米质优良、抗病性强,表明Y型不育系是可以开发利用的新型细胞质雄性不育系。     

红莲型不育细胞质在杂交粳稻育种中的应用

为了探讨红莲型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种的可能性,利用包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(CL)型、野败(WA)型等4种细胞质的同核异质不育系六千辛A与181个粳稻亲本测交,根据测交F1的小穗育性,筛选HL型粳稻恢复系。在此基础上,对筛选出的HL型粳稻恢复系与更多HL型不育系复测,并进行不同细胞质杂交粳稻的比对试验。研究结果表明:1)HL型和CL型不育系的恢、保关系十分一致,测交F1小穗育性间的相关性达极显著水平。2)HL型和CL型粳稻不育系的可恢性虽不如BT型不育系,但明显优于WA型粳稻不育系;以测交F1小穗育性达到85%以上作为选择标准,从BT型恢复系和广亲和恢复系中筛选出25个HL型(CL型)粳稻恢复系。3)不育系的核背景对杂种育性有影响,HL型六千辛A可恢性最好,其次为HL型陵香A,HL型珍5A可恢性最差。4)与BT型不育系配制的杂种相比,HL型和CL型不育系配制的杂种育性稳定性相对较差。5)HL型不育系配制的杂种与BT型、WA型不育系配制的杂种在播种至抽穗历期、株高、产量及品质性状上均无明显差异;HL型不育系配制的杂交粳稻结实率正常,与BT型不育系配制的杂种无明显差异,明显高于WA型不育系配制的杂种。说明HL型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种是可行的。     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系。该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔。2019年通过了江西省品种审定。     

东乡野生稻育性恢复性的鉴定与遗传分析

以东乡野生稻水桃树、东塘上2个居群与不同细胞质来源的5个水稻不育系(B06S、珍汕97A、协青早A、中97A和粤泰A）配组,根据F1结实率的高低对东乡野生稻育性恢复性进行鉴定。建立了10个组合的P1、F1、P2、F2群体,利用混合模型理论的Akaike信息准则(AIC),在F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应以及所占总变异的分量。F1代的结实率变化范围为45.98%~76.57%,表明东乡野生稻具有一定的育性恢复性。F2代中该性状符合1对主基因+多基因的遗传模式,主基因遗传率为56.63%~88.29%,多基因遗传率为2.74%~30.97%,总基因型遗传率为63.17%~94.01%。中9A /东塘上居群杂交组合的F2代中,主基因是加性遗传,无显性效应,其他9个组合主基因是完全显性遗传。     

优质早籼不育系盛世A的选育及其组合表现

用具有广东野生稻亲缘的优质常规稻种质增城丝苗-8选与三系保持系五丰B进行杂交,经多年系谱选择后与具广东野生细胞质源的不育系1070A测交和回交,育成新质源早籼稻不育系盛世A.该不育系具有稻米品质较好、配合力强、抗病性好和综合农艺性状优良等特点,于2010年7月通过广东省专家技术鉴定.所配组合盛优668、盛优8号和盛优568在广东省早稻区试中表现丰、抗、优协调,于2011年1月通过广东省品种审定.     

Identification and Genetic Analysis of Fertility Restoration Ability in Dongxiang Wild Rice(Oryza rufipogon)

Two populations of Dongxiang wild rice(Oryza rufipogon),Shuitaoshu and Dongtangshang,were crossed with five male sterile rice lines with different cytoplasmic backgrounds(B06S,Zhenshan 97A,Xieqingzao A,Zhong 9A,and Yuetai A),and the seed setting rate of the F1 was used to judge the fertility restoration ability in the Dongxiang wild rice.With P1.F1,P2,and F2 populations as materials,the Akaike's Information Criterion(AIC)was used to identify the major genes affecting quantitative traits,and when the major genes existed,the genetic effects of the major gene and the polygene and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis.The seed setting rates of the F1 generation varied from 45.98%to 76.57%,suggesting that the Dongxiang wild rice had the fertility restoration ability.One major gone plus polygene mixed inheritance model was the most fitted genetic model for this trait in all the F2 populations.The heritability values of the major genes varied from 56.63%to 88.29%and those of the polygenes from 2.74%to 30.97%,and the total heritability values were from 63.1 7%to 94.01%.The major gone inheritance of the combination Zhong 9A/Dongtangshang was controlled by the additive effect without dominant effect,and the other nine combinations were by the completely dominant inheritance.     

水稻KV型细胞质雄性不育系的选育及其胞质效应研究初报

水稻ＫＶ型不育系与ＷＡ型不育系在育性表现和恢保关系上基本相同，但可恢性更好，恢复谱更广。特别是ＫＶ细胞质对杂种的每穗粒数及结实率有显著的正效应．因而它是个利用前景更广泛的新质源不育系．     

Transgene Flow from Glufosinate-Resistant Rice to Improved and Weedy Rice in China

The development of transgenic rice with novel traits in China can increase rice productivity, but transgene flow to improved or weedy rice has become a major concern. We aimed to evaluate the potential maximum frequencies of transgene flow from glufosinate-resistant rice to improved rice cultivars and weedy rice. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2010 at the Center for Environmental Safety Supervision and Inspection for Genetically Modified Plants, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China. Glufosinate-resistant japonica rice 99-1 was the pollen donor. The pollen recipients were two inbred japonica rice （Chunjiang 016 and Xiushui 09）, two inbred indica rice （Zhongzu 14 and Zhongzao 22）, two indica hybrid rice （Zhongzheyou 1 and Guodao 1）, and one weedy indica rice （Taizhou weedy rice）. The offspring of recipients were planted in the field and sprayed with a commercial dose of glufosinate. Leaf tissues of survivors were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of the transgene. The frequency of gene flow ranged from 0 to 0.488%. In 2009, the order of gene flow frequency was as follows： weedy rice 〉 Chunjiang 016 〉 Xiushui 09 and Zhongzu 14 〉 Guodao 1, Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhongzao 22. Gene flow frequencies were generally higher in 2009 than in 2010, but did not differ significantly among rice materials. Gene flow frequency was the highest in weedy rice followed by the inbred japonica rice. The risk of gene flow differed significantly between years and year-to-year variance could mask risk differences among pollen recipients. Gene flow was generally lesser in taller pollen recipients than in shorter ones, but plant height only accounted for about 30% of variation in gene flow. When flowering synchrony was maximized, as in this study, low frequencies of gene flow occurred from herbicide-resistant japonica rice to other cultivars and weedy rice. Averaged across years, the risk     

水稻籼粳交衍生不育系的籼粳属性鉴定及配组F_1优势初探

通过籼粳杂交培育了3份水稻不育系,分别为野败型不育系064A、协研A和光温敏不育系300S。对这3份不育系相应的保持系的籼粳属性进行了形态指数法和分子标记法鉴定。064B、协研B和300S形态指数分别为11、9和12,属于中间偏籼类型;基于分子标记的遗传距离聚类结果表明,3份材料聚为一类,也属于中间偏籼类型。通过广泛测交,发现应用籼粳杂交,在籼稻遗传背景中掺入一定比例的粳稻"血缘",培育中间偏籼型不育系,对丰富水稻育种遗传背景,配制超级杂交稻组合具有重要意义。     

Identification and Genetic Analysis of Fertility Restoration Ability in Dongxiang Wild Rice （Oryza rufipogon）

Two populations of Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon), Shuitaoshu and Dongtangshang, were crossed with five male sterile rice lines with different cytoplasmic backgrounds (B06S, Zhenshan 97A, Xieqingzao A, Zhong 9A, and Yuetai A), and the seed setting rate of the F₁ was used to judge the fertility restoration ability in the Dongxiang wild rice. With P₁, F₁, P₂, and F₂ populations as materials, the Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) was used to identify the major genes affecting quantitative traits, and when the major genes existed, the genetic effects of the major gene and the polygene and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis. The seed setting rates of the F₁ generation varied from 45.98% to 76.57%, suggesting that the Dongxiang wild rice had the fertility restoration ability. One major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was the most fitted genetic model for this trait in all the F₂ populations. The heritability values of the major genes varied from 56.63% to 88.29% and those of the polygenes from 2.74% to 30.97%, and the total heritability values were from 63.17% to 94.01%. The major gene inheritance of the combination Zhong 9A/Dongtangshang was controlled by the additive effect without dominant effect, and the other nine combinations were by the completely dominant inheritance.     

新质源东乡野生稻胞质不育系的选育与利用

以东乡野生稻为母本与栽培稻品种杂交、复交,在其后代中分离出雄性不育株,再与栽培稻品种连续回交,经多代核置换,转育成无花粉型(或花粉稀少型)和有花粉型两种不同类型不育系。其中无花粉型表现花药瘦小、白色、部分畸形呈钩状,仅含稀少典败花粉,与野败型恢复系测交F1代完全不育,与其近缘恢复材料测交,虽提高了恢复度,但无杂种优势,如东B51A、东培A、东R4005A、东3037A;有花粉型表现花药较肥大、淡黄色、水渍状,染色镜检典败花粉多,圆败很少,恢复谱较广,如东B11A。东B11A已通过技术鉴定和江西省品种审定,并通过广泛测交筛选出东B11A/752、东B11A/C218、东B11A/Txz13等新组合,其中东B11A/Txz13已于2005年通过江西省品种审定,定名为先农40号(赣审稻2005026)。     

RFLP mapping of a fertility restorer gene for rice (O. sativa L.) ′BT′ type CMS line

The Boro type (BT) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line is the main CMS type for the utilization of heterosis in japonica rice. There is no restorer gene for BT CMS line in japonica rice and it was all from indica rice. The restorer gene used in China is from an IRRI indica variety, IR 8.     

粳稻野败型细胞质雄性不育恢复系SWR78的恢复基因定位

 利用野败(WA)型粳稻广亲和不育系苏秋A和广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78配组,根据F2与BC1F1群体的育性分离情况,初步推测WA型苏秋A的育性恢复至少由3对基因控制。选取F2群体中无染色花粉植株,采用隐性基因组分析法进行恢复基因定位,将其中1个主效基因Rf4定位于第10染色体长臂上,与标记RM5629、RM5373、STS10 17和STS10 18分别相距0.17、0.03、0.03和0.07 cM。Rf4位于标记RM5373与STS10 17之间,两标记间的物理距离为78 kb。     

优质香稻不育系玉香A的选育及利用

玉香A是利用优质常规稻晚香10号与玉米稻杂交的F4中的优良单株与金23A杂交,经7代回交育成的一个新的优质香稻不育系,于2003年2月通过湖南省品种审定.玉香A属中熟早籼类型,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,叶鞘、稃尖均无色;不育性稳定,群体不育株率100%,花粉不育度99.99%,套袋自交结实率为0.025%;品质性状好,米粒香味纯正;开花习性好,易于繁殖制种;配合力强,利用该不育系已选配出农平302、农平202等优质高产新组合.     

东乡野生稻研究进展及育种利用策略

东乡野生稻是目前世界上已发现的分布最北（N 28°14′、E 116°36′）的野生稻特异种质资源,其基因组中蕴含着抗病、抗虫、耐逆及其他诸多优良基因/QTL,前人已对其开展了大量的研究。本文从抗病、抗虫、抗逆、育性、产量及其他优良特性等方面总结了东乡野生稻的研究进展,并提出了其育种利用策略。     

分子标记辅助选择改良C418对红莲型粳稻不育系的恢复力

【目的】高效选育红莲型(Honglian,HL)粳稻恢复系有助于HL型杂交粳稻育种,对促进三系杂交粳稻的发展具有重要的意义。【方法】Rf6是一个HL型恢复基因,来源于HL型籼稻强恢复系9311。前期研究中,在以9311为供体、日本晴为受体的一套染色体片段代换系中鉴定出携带Rf6的株系R1093。本研究利用R1093与BT型粳稻恢复系C418(携带Rf1)杂交,通过常规回交育种结合分子标记辅助选择技术,将Rf6导入C418中,进行Rf6与Rf1聚合育种;利用BT型、HL型六千辛A进行测交鉴定改良系的恢复力。【结果】共获得12个BC₃F₄株系和55个BC₄F₃株系,其中6个改良系的农艺性状已基本接近C418;测交鉴定结果表明聚合Rf6的改良系对HL型粳稻不育系的恢复度达到85%以上,可应用于水稻生产;对BT型粳稻不育系的恢复度提升效果不显著。【结论】聚合Rf6能有效改良BT型粳稻恢复系对HL型粳稻不育系恢复力,是选育HL型粳稻恢复系的一条重要途径。     

4份籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的生物学特性及其杂种优势利用

 通过籼粳杂交、广亲和特性鉴定以及育性恢复能力测定等手段,选育出CH58、CH59、C18和C84四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系。生物学特性研究结果表明,CH58、CH59、C18和C84的程氏指数分别为11、13、13和15,其中CH58、CH59和C18的籼粳属性为偏籼,C84为偏粳。广亲和特性鉴定和育性恢复能力测定结果表明,四个恢复系具有良好的广亲和性,且都能恢复滇型、BT型、矮败型等粳稻不育系以及野败型、印水型等籼稻不育系的育性,恢复谱广。花时特性研究表明,籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系的开花高峰要明显早于粳稻不育系春江16A。粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻在单株产量、每穗粒数、二次枝梗数、株高、一次枝梗数和剑叶宽等性状上表现出明显的中亲优势和竞争优势。利用CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系与粳稻不育系配组,已选育出春优58、春优658、春优59、春优618等粳不籼恢亚种间杂交稻,已通过国家、浙江省等品种审定。CH58等四个籼粳中间型广亲和恢复系广亲和性好,恢复谱广,在三系法籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用中具有良好的应用前景。     

籼型优质三系香稻不育系广泰A的选育及应用

广泰A是广东省农业科学院水稻研究所以保持系中间材料荣丰B//米31/W254为母本,具有香味的保持系中间材料天丰B/粤丰B为父本进行杂交,然后通过分子标记辅助选择具有香味且直链淀粉较低的F3代株系与印尼水田谷胞质不育系荣丰A测交,后经连续回交转育而成的优质香稻不育系。该不育系具有败育彻底、育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交习性好、配合力好等特点,米质达部颁标准优质1级,2016年10月通过广东省种子管理总站组织的专家技术鉴定,目前已经组配出广泰优华占、广泰优粤农丝苗、广泰优736、广泰优7170、广泰优秋占、广泰优天弘丝苗、广泰优航0799等多个组合通过国家和省级品种审定。     

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析陈深广，闵绍楷，熊振民，吴建利，朱旭东（中国水稻研究所遗传育种系，杭州３１０００６）关键词：胞质雄性不育；广亲和性；等位性；基因型ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＩｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｉ...     

超级稻品种中早39的稻瘟病抗谱测定

利用采自全国12个省市、分属A~G 7个群40个生理小种的146个菌株对中早39进行了稻瘟病抗谱测定。结果显示,中早39对籼型小种的平均抗谱为82.9%,对粳型小种的平均抗谱为71.2%。中早39对不同省市的稻瘟病菌株的抗谱是不一致的,对黑龙江、辽宁、陕西等3个省份菌株的抗谱较低,均为40.0%;对陕西以南9个省(市)菌株的平均抗谱为82.8%。其中,中早39对浙江、贵州和广西的菌株抗谱分别为92.9%、93.1%、100%,说明中早39在这3个省份可以作为稻瘟病抗性育种的抗源使用。