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目前我省茶园主要害虫有茶毛虫、茶刺蛾、丽绿刺蛾、大尺蠖、灰尺蠖、茶尺蠖、茶蓑蛾、褐蓑蛾、小黄卷叶蛾、茶枝蛀蛾、小绿叶蝉、长白蚧,椰园蚧、蛇眼蚧等十余种。初步估计每年因各种害虫危害,茶叶总 相似文献
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敌敌畏(DDVP)和杀螟硫磷(Sumithion)是近年来新出产的有机磷杀虫剂,在国内用于防治水稻及蔬菜等作物害虫,效果良好。为了探求对茶树害虫的药效和寻找防治茶树害虫的高效低毒的安全药剂,我站于1964年将此两药剂对茶毛虫(Euproctis pseudoconspe-rsa Strand)、茶刺蛾(Thosea sp)、四点刺蛾(Parsa Consocia Walker)、青剌蛾(学名待定)、茶叶斑蛾(Eterusia aedea L)、大尺蠖(Buzura suppressaria benescr 相似文献
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二、茶树害虫病毒大田应用效果目前,在大田做过防治应用试验的有茶小卷叶蛾和茶卷叶蛾颗粒体病毒及扁刺蛾、茶毛虫、茶尺蠖、油桐尺蠖和云尺蠖等核型多角体病毒,其中,茶小卷叶蛾颗粒体病毒,扁刺蛾、茶毛虫、茶尺蠖、油桐尺蠖核型多角体病 相似文献
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扁刺蛾(Thoseasinensis)具有分布广、多食性、危害大等特点,是我国重要的农林业害虫。为报道采自江西的扁刺蛾线粒体基因组,了解其线粒体基因组的多样性与差异,探究刺蛾科昆虫线粒体基因组进化规律。通过Sanger测序后拼接、校正、注释获得扁刺蛾的线粒体全基因组序列,并基于蛋白质编码基因序列构建了鳞翅目17个科26种蛾类昆虫的系统发育树。结果显示,扁刺蛾线粒体基因组是1个大小为15 540 bp的闭合环状双链DNA分子,共编码37个基因,包括13个蛋白质编码基因,2个核糖体RNA基因和22个转运RNA基因,还有1个425 bp的控制区,基因排列与鳞翅目双孔类(Ditrysia)昆虫相同。通过与其他刺蛾的全序列和蛋白质编码基因序列对比相似度,结果显示,扁刺蛾与茶刺蛾(Iragoidesfasciata)的相似度最高,与褐边绿刺蛾(Parasa consocia)相似度最低。系统发育分析结果表明,扁刺蛾与茶刺蛾的亲缘关系最近,其次为龟形小刺蛾(Narosanigrisigna),鳞翅目昆虫各科均聚为一支。本研究为深入研究扁刺蛾的起源、遗传多样性、迁移和分化,以及对农药的抗性提供科学依据... 相似文献
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本文对明溪县生态茶园主要害虫假眼小绿叶蝉、茶丽纹象甲、茶蓑蛾、黑刺粉虱、茶黑毒蛾等的发生、危害特点和主要天敌生活习性进行研究,总结当地生态茶园防控茶树主要害虫的实用有效措施。 相似文献
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我国茶树蓑蛾区系与发生 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国茶树蓑蛾类害虫已达11属20种。除雄蛾外,其它虫态终生负囊,聚集发生,形成“危害中心,常致局部茶丛受害光秃。常见种大都一年发生1代,只茶蓑蛾与茶小蓑蛾一年2代。多以非老熟幼虫越冬,仅大蓑蛾以老熟幼虫、黑肩蓑蛾以卵越冬。非老熟幼虫早春复苏早而贪食,常造成冬芽殆尽,春茶局部绝收。气候雨湿和天敌可对蓑蛾产生明显的自然控制。文中还就其地理分布、形态鉴别进行了阐述。 相似文献
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为了进一步摸清我省茶园鳞翅类害虫的发生种类和为害情况,在湖南农业大学、湖南省茶叶研究所和湖南省农业厅经作局对湖南省茶园病虫天敌普查的基础上,结合科技部基础性工作专项湖南省主要茶树病虫及天敌资源调查与鉴定课题(2008FY210500-2),通过田间调查与室内饲养相结合,于2008年8月至2011年4月对湖南省的郴州南岭茶场,桂东玲珑茶场等11个市区的20个不同茶园进行了一次系统性调查。结果表明:湖南省茶园鳞翅类害虫种类共计161种,隶属25科,刺蛾科31种、毒蛾科29种和尺蛾科22种为主要优势科类,其中以茶尺蠖、茶毛虫和茶蓑蛾为害最严重。 相似文献
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我国水稻田稗属杂草种类分布特点:以9个省级行政区73个样点调查数据为例 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
【目的】明确我国水稻田发生危害的稗属(Echinocloa spp.)杂草种类分布特点。【方法】2015年至2018年间的9月至11月,在东北、华东、华南、西北、西南水稻产区依据《中国植物志》英文修订版的分类鉴定标准,于水稻收割前采用七级目测法调查了73个地点共525块稻田稗属杂草的发生情况。【结果】共发现8种稗属杂草,其中无芒稗(E. crusgalli var. mitis)的发生频度最大(55.43%),其次是硬稃稗(E. glabrescens, 47.28%)、稗原变种(E. crusgalli var. crusgalli,40.40%)、西来稗(E. crusgalli var. zelayensis,24.09%);长芒稗(E. caudate)、水田稗(E. oryzoides)、孔雀稗(E. cruspavonis)、光头稗(E. colona)的频度较低。东北地区稻田稗属杂草以水田稗为单优势种;华东地区稻田稗属杂草呈现共优势的格局,硬稃稗、无芒稗危害最重,西来稗、稗原变种发生量也较大;华南地区稻田以稗原变种为单优势种;西北地区稻田无芒稗和稗原变种为优势种;西南地区稻田无芒稗占优势,稗原变 种危害频繁。在这8种水稻田常见稗属杂草中,无芒稗的生态位宽度值最大(35.2),其次是硬稃稗(23.6)、西来稗(18.2)和稗原变种(16.3)。无芒稗、硬稃稗、西来稗相互之间的生态位重叠值较高,稗原变种与孔雀稗、光头稗、长芒稗的重叠值也较高。【结论】我国不同地区具有不同的稻田稗属杂草种类分布格局,其背后的机理亟待研究阐明。 相似文献
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【目的】明确我国水稻田发生危害的稗属(Echinocloa spp.)杂草种类分布特点。【方法】2015年至2018年间的9月至11月,在东北、华东、华南、西北、西南水稻产区依据《中国植物志》英文修订版的分类鉴定标准,于水稻收割前采用七级目测法调查了73个地点共525块稻田稗属杂草的发生情况。【结果】共发现8种稗属杂草,其中无芒稗(E. crusgalli var. mitis)的发生频度最大(55.43%),其次是硬稃稗(E. glabrescens, 47.28%)、稗原变种(E. crusgalli var. crusgalli,40.40%)、西来稗(E. crusgalli var. zelayensis,24.09%);长芒稗(E. caudate)、水田稗(E. oryzoides)、孔雀稗(E. cruspavonis)、光头稗(E. colona)的频度较低。东北地区稻田稗属杂草以水田稗为单优势种;华东地区稻田稗属杂草呈现共优势的格局,硬稃稗、无芒稗危害最重,西来稗、稗原变种发生量也较大;华南地区稻田以稗原变种为单优势种;西北地区稻田无芒稗和稗原变种为优势种;西南地区稻田无芒稗占优势,稗原变种危害频繁。在这8种水稻田常见稗属杂草中,无芒稗的生态位宽度值最大(35.2),其次是硬稃稗(23.6)、西来稗(18.2)和稗原变种(16.3)。无芒稗、硬稃稗、西来稗相互之间的生态位重叠值较高,稗原变种与孔雀稗、光头稗、长芒稗的重叠值也较高。【结论】我国不同地区具有不同的稻田稗属杂草种类分布格局,其背后的机理亟待研究阐明。 相似文献
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Starch was isolated from eight local Zimbabwean landrace varieties, an improved cultivar (SV2) and a hybrid (DC-75) of sorghum grown in four environments. Amylose content, pasting (peak (PV), hot-paste (HPV), cool-paste (CPV) viscosity), textural and thermal (gelatinisation peak temperature (Tp) and gelatinisation energy (ΔH)) properties of the starches were determined. The F -tests from analyses of variance detected significant (p<0·001) differences among genotypes and growing environments for the starch properties measured. The results indicate that a range of genetic and environmental variability exists for these traits in sorghum genotypes although the latter could be greater than varietal effects. Hybrid DC-75 largely differed in starch amylose content, pasting PV, and gel hardness from the local landrace varieties. Environments used for local landrace varieties caused significant differences in starch properties, hence selection and monitoring of growing conditions is essential if a particular genotype is to maintain minimum variation in the desired pasting, textural or thermal properties. Genotype×environment interactions indicate that in breeding programmes, selection for starch properties at a single location would be misleading. 相似文献
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The physicochemical and nutritional quality of four chalky mutants (JM1-4) rice and their parent 93-11 were investigated. JM1 and JM4 are white-belly mutants, and JM2 is white-core mutant, while JM3 is floury mutant. JM2 is also a high amylose mutant with AAC of 29%. JM3 had the lipid content nearly three times of the parent, so it is also a high lipid mutant. JM1 had similar pasting viscosities with the parent, while JM2 and JM3 had smaller breakdown and setback than 93-11. JM2 had lower enthalpy of gelatinization, but higher enthalpy of retrogradation, so it had highest retrogradation percentage. JM3 had the highest accumulation of amino acids, fatty acids, and some major mineral elements such as P, K, Mg and Ca. The amino acids and fatty acids had negative correlation with PV, HPV and CPV. The pleiotropic effects caused by the mutations on starch and lipid metabolism deserve further investigation. 相似文献
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对河口低热河谷区辣木林四季杂草种类、群落组成进行调查。结果表明,该辣木林有杂草73种,隶属22科65属,其中外来入侵种19种,占杂草总数的26.0%。通过分析四季主要杂草的优势度得出,春、夏、秋季优势杂草主要是菊科的鬼针草(Bidens pilosa),禾本科的马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、十字马唐(Digitaria cruciata)、光头稗(Echinochloa colona)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)等组成;冬季优势杂草主要有菊科的鬼针草、小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)、鼠麴草(Gnaphalium affine)、野茼蒿(Gnaphalium affine)组成。其中,鬼针草为常年优势杂草,在四季杂草组成中外来入侵杂草优势明显。 相似文献
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Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. is one of the most problematic weeds across the world. It is an annual C4 summer grass, native to tropical and subtropical Asia, emerged as a serious and persistent threat in 35 cropping systems in more than 60 countries. E. colona is reported as an important associated weed species in transplanted and direct-seeded rice. Diverse ecotypes, high seed production, short seed dormancy, rapid growth, competitive potential, allelopathic interaction, and resistance against several herbicides makes it a more adaptable and persistent challenge in various agro-ecosystems. Development of resistance to recommended or higher doses of numerous herbicides, including ametryn, atrazine, bispyribac-sodium, clefoxidym, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, glyphosate, metribuzin, propanil, and triazine, is a serious concern for the farming and scientific community. Crop infestation with resistant E. colona biotypes may ultimately increase the weed control cost. Unfortunately, investigations on seed dormancy release, genetic diversity, allelopathic interference, and competitive ability of this weed are inadequate in accomplishing its appropriate control in different environments. Therefore, a comprehensive review is presented here to gather the existing information, to pin point key findings, and to highlight the research gaps in the biology, interference, and management of E. colona. Different management options have been discussed in relation with eco-biology of this noxious weed. The potential research endeavours have also been highlighted in order to provide an insight of its existing scenario and to facilitate the future management strategies. 相似文献