生物炭对环丙沙星在热带土壤中吸附行为的影响

以热带农业废弃物甘蔗渣为材料，在3种温度（350、450、550 ℃）下制备不同碳化度的生物炭（分别记为BC350、BC450、BC550），研究其对环丙沙星在砖红壤中吸附-解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明，环丙沙星在砖红壤和添加水平为1.0％的生物炭土壤上的吸附过程可以分为快速和缓慢2个阶段，伪二级动力学模型能很好地描述砖红壤和生物炭土壤吸附环丙沙星的动力学过程（r>0.989，p<0.01）；添加质量浓度分别为0.1％、0.2％、0.5％、0.8％、1.0％的3种生物炭提高了砖红壤对环丙沙星的吸附量，且随着生物炭添加量的增加，吸附量逐渐增加。环丙沙星在生物炭土壤中的吸附-解吸过程能够采用Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型进行较好的拟合（r>0.984，p<0.01）；添加生物炭后土壤对环丙沙星的解吸过程并非吸附的可逆过程，其吸附-解吸过程具有明显的迟滞效应，环丙沙星在生物炭土壤中的解吸滞后指数提高了1.32~1.86倍。生物炭对土壤中环丙沙星有一定的固定作用，环丙沙星在被生物炭土壤吸附后，解吸较为困难，因此可以降低环丙沙星在环境中迁移的生态风险。     

S-8大孔吸附树脂纯化大豆异黄酮工艺条件的研究

对S-8大孔吸附树脂在大豆糖蜜中对大豆异黄酮的吸附与洗脱性能进行研究.测定其静态吸附率为86.5%,静态解吸率为92.5%,吸附量为16.1mg/g,通过对树脂的静态吸附、解析及实际吸附效果实验,绘制出静态吸附动力学曲线、静态解吸动力学曲线、静态吸附等温线、动态吸附透过曲线、动态解析曲线,确定出S-8大孔树脂吸附纯化大豆异黄酮的最佳工艺条件.     

大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇静态吸附的研究

通过静态吸附、静态解吸及吸附动力学研究,对比分析了ADS-7、ADS-17、聚酰胺树脂、超高交联树脂和酚醛型树脂等5种大孔吸附树脂对橡胶乳清中白坚木皮醇的分离效果,同时探讨了ADS-17树脂在25℃下的等温吸附过程,并用Langmuir吸附等温线模型和Freundlich模型分别对吸附数据进行拟合。结果表明:5种树脂中,中极性的大孔吸附树脂ADS-17对白坚木皮醇的吸附效果最佳,吸附平衡时间约4 h,吸附量可达5.8 mg/g干树脂;且白坚木皮醇在ADS-17树脂上的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线模型,为单分子层吸附。     

纳豆激酶的亲和吸附工艺研究

采用静态吸附方法验证了大豆颗粒对纳豆激酶的亲和吸附特性,测定了其静态吸附动力学特性和吸附等温线以及一些吸附条件。结果表明:该亲和吸附等温线符合Langmiur方程,吸附动力学符合扩散方程;吸附的最佳缓冲液选择pH6.0、0.01 mol.L-1的PBS,在静态时选用大豆颗粒的最大吸附量为6351.58 IU.g-1,洗脱后收率达到81.30%,纯化倍数约30.23倍。初步推断大豆蛋白中含有与纳豆激酶特异性吸附的的配体结构。     

改性绿茶去除水中碱性品红的研究

以改性绿茶为吸附材料,探索了改性剂、改性剂浓度、染料的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对改性绿茶吸附碱性品红,的影响,确定了改性绿茶最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,绿茶经改性剂改性选出最佳改性剂为环氧氯丙烷,最佳改性剂浓度为0.015 mol·L~(-1),碱性品红初始质量浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时吸附量最大,最佳吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间240 min为最好,最大吸附量为53.6 mg·g~(-1)。在描述改性绿茶对碱性品红吸附的动力学行为上,准一级动力学曲线更好;在等温吸附方面,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附行为非常符合Langmuir模型,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

茶梗木质纤维素对儿茶素类吸附动力学研究

以茶梗为原料制备木质纤维素,通过静态吸附,研究茶梗木质纤维素在绿茶提取物溶液中对儿茶素类的吸附动力学。结果表明,茶梗木质纤维素对儿茶素类总量的吸附等温线符合Freundlich经验方程,随着温度的升高,茶梗木质素纤维素对儿茶素类的平衡吸附量降低;动力学研究数据用拟一级速率方程和拟二级速率方程模拟,其中拟二级速率方程拟合程度更高,在不同温度下利用拟二级速率方程计算的总儿茶素类饱和吸附量与实测值吻合。随着温度的升高,速率常数k1和k2提高,而总儿茶素类的初始吸附速率降低。     

DOMs耦合生物质炭对土霉素的吸附行为研究

以650 ℃下制备甘蔗渣生物质炭（BC650）为研究对象,在模拟自然条件下,在BC650上负载环境中常见的溶解性有机质（DOMs）即小分子没食子酸（GA）和大分子黄腐酸（HA）,并对其性质进行表征;再以典型抗生素土霉素为目标污染物,探究外源DOMs耦合生物质炭对抗生素的吸附性能的影响。结果表明,DOMs的负载提高了生物质炭的比表面积,生物质炭的表面化学性质发生改变;预载DOMs后,生物质炭对土霉素的吸附能力明显降低,且GA负载的抑制作用较HA更为显著,就平衡吸附量而言,HA处理后其下降了10%,而GA的处理使其降低了30%,DOMs的预载对生物质炭吸附抗生素的影响可能是由DOMs处理改变了生物质炭的表面化学性质而致;DOMs负载前后生物质炭对土霉素表现出非线性吸附,氢键作用为主要吸附机制。所得结果可为生物质炭在抗生素污染控制中的实际应用提供重要的理论依据。     

皂化麦麸对重金属Cd~(2+)的吸附作用及吸附机理研究

为扩大纤维素类生物吸附剂的开发利用资源,采用五因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法对影响皂化麦麸吸附Cd2+的因子进行优化,得出在吸附时间为1h、加入量为0.20g、pH=6、温度20℃、浓度2.00mg·L-1时,皂化麦麸有最大吸附率(YMax=99.19%)。对比试验表明,皂化麦麸对Cd2+的吸附优于活性炭,纤维素在吸附中起主要作用。扫描电镜下皂化麦麸表面显示粗糙和多褶皱的物理吸附特征,红外光谱显示皂化麦麸中-OH、-CH3、C≡C、C=C、C=O、C-O基团可能参与吸附作用。吸附等温线和吸附动力学模型显示,皂化麦麸对Cd2+吸附符合Freundlich等温式和二级动力学模型。皂化麦麸经过解吸附可以反复使用。     

甲醛改性茶叶渣对废水中Cr6+的吸附研究

采用甲醛改性茶叶渣制成吸附剂,研究其对废水中Cr~(6+)的吸附性能。考察了Cr~(6+)初始浓度、溶液p H值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等5个因素对吸附率的影响,并分析了改性茶叶渣吸附Cr~(6+)的吸附动力学特征。结果表明:Cr~(6+)初始浓度为60 mg/L、溶液pH为2、吸附剂用量为0.6 g、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25℃时,改性茶叶渣对Cr~(6+)的吸附率可达94.0%。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数达到0.9956,以化学吸附为主。     

碱处理强度对木质纤维素吸附茶儿茶素类和咖啡碱的影响

将木质纤维素用0．1mol／L氢氧化钠分别处理0～13天,通过静态吸附实验比较碱处理时间对茶多酚粗品中茶儿茶素类和咖啡碱的吸附能力的影响。结果表明：（1）无论是否经过碱处理,木质纤维素对茶几茶素类和咖啡碱都有一定的吸附能力;（2）未经碱处理的木质纤维素对总儿茶素类和咖啡碱的吸附量显著低于经碱处理过的木质纤维素;（3）处理0—2天内,吸附量随时间延长显著增强;2-13天,总儿茶素类吸附量差异不显著,咖啡碱吸附量则随着处理时间的增加而略有增加,8～13天（除11天）显著高于0～4天的处理。用碱处理7天后的木质纤维素吸附茶多酚粗品,经水和60％乙醇分步洗脱可得到高酯型儿茶素类产品。     

Sorption potential of modified nanocrystals for the removal of aromatic organic pollutant from aqueous solution

Chemically modified starch nanocrystals were used as adsorbents for the removal of aromatic organic compounds from water. The nanocrystals were chemically modified by grafting with stearate moieties which enhanced the adsorption capacity of the nanometric substrate. Their adsorption capacity ranged between 150 and 900 μmol g⁻¹ of modified nanoparticles and the adsorption isotherms could be described accurately by the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics followed a two-step process with first pure adsorption of the aromatic compounds onto the surface of the nanoparticles followed by a diffusion of the compounds into the layer of surface chains grafted onto the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the feasibility of using these nanoparticles in continuous flow mode processes was confirmed using a fixed bed column setup. The fixed bed column could also be regenerated by washing with ethanol and was found not to exhibit any loss in adsorption capacity over multiples adsorption-desorption cycles.     

Preparation and crystallization behavior of polylactide nanocomposites reinforced with POSS-modified montmorillonite

We herein report the preparation and crystallization behavior of polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites reinforced with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified montmorillonite (POSS-MMT), which is prepared by exchanging sodium cations of pristine sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) with protonated aminopropylisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-NH₃ ⁺). PLA nanocomposites with 1–10 wt% POSS-MMT contents are manufactured via melt-compounding, and their structures and melt-crystallization behavior are investigated. It is characterized that POSS-MMT nanoparticles in the nanocomposites have an exfoliated structure of MMT silicates with POSS-NH₃ ⁺ and partial POSS-NH₂ crystals. DSC cooling thermograms suggest that the overall melt-crystallization rates of the nanocomposite with only 3 wt% POSS-MMT are remarkably enhanced in comparison with the neat PLA. From the isothermal crystallization analysis based on the Avrami model, the overall melt-crystallization of PLA/POSS-MMT nanocomposites is found to be dominated by the heterogeneous nucleation and three-dimensional spherulite growth. Isothermal melt-crystallization experiments using a polarized optical microscope show that the spherulite nucleation density of PLA/POSS-MMT nanocomposites is much higher than that of the neat PLA, whereas the spherulite growth rates of all the nanocomposites are almost identical with the rate of the neat PLA. It is concluded that the highly enhanced melt-crystallization rates of PLA/POSS-MMT nanocomposites stem from the dominant nucleation effect of POSS-MMT nanoparticles for PLA crystals.     

The role of Na-montmorillonite on thermal characteristics and morphology of electrospun PAN nanofibers

Polymer organic-inorganic hybrid nanofibers constitute a new class of materials in which the polymeric nanofibers are reinforced by uniformly dispersed inorganic particles having at least one dimension in nanometer-scale. In the present study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/Na-montmorillonite (PAN/Na-MMT) nanofibers were conducted via electrospinning process. Electrospun PAN and PAN/Na-MMT fibers with the respective mean fiber diameter of about 220 and 160 nm were prepared. The influence of the clay-montmorillonite on the morphology and diameter of nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The microscopic techniques propose that the PAN/Na-MMT composite nanofibers show lower mean fiber diameter than the neat PAN nanofibers. Besides, the difference in nanoclay-content has a slight effect on the distribution of fibers diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggest that introduction of clay-nanomaterials improves the thermal characteristics of fibers.     

Kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of ternary system dye removal using a biopolymer

In this paper, dye removal ability of sodium alginate (SA) as a biopolymer from ternary systems was investigated. Physical characteristics of SA were studied using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three textile basic dyes were used as model compounds. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were studied. The effect of SA dosage, initial dye concentration and pH on dye removal was elucidated. It was found that adsorption kinetics of dyes followed with pseudo-second order kinetics. In addition, dyes followed with Langmuir, and extended Langmuir isotherm in single and ternary systems, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the dye adsorption onto SA was a spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption reaction. Based on the data of present investigation, one could conclude that the alginate being a biocompatible, eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent might be a suitable alternative for elimination of dyes from colored aqueous solutions.     

Kinetics of leucine-lysine peptide adsorption and desorption at -CH3 and -COOH terminated alkylthiolate monolayers

The kinetics of adsorption and desorption of two highly asymmetrical model peptides were studied at methyl- and carboxylic acid-terminated alkylthiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces on gold. The model peptides were leucine-lysine (LK), α-helical (LKα14), and β-strand (LKβ15) peptides that have a well-defined secondary structure with the leucines localized on one side and the lysines on the other side. These secondary structures were previously shown to be maintained after adsorption and to control LK peptide orientation on these surfaces. The kinetics of peptide adsorption were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance as a function of peptide solution concentrations at pH 7.4. Peptide desorption was measured by rinsing with a buffer at various times along the adsorption curve. Both peptides had a saturation coverage of approximately 1 ML (monolayer) on the carboxyl SAM. Both peptides exhibited mostly irreversible binding on both surfaces, but the LKα14 peptide showed some limited reversible binding. Reversibly bound peptides could be in the second adlayer interacting only with peptides in the first layer or peptides interacting with a partially covered adsorption site and therefore not able to fully bind to the SAM surface. The near complete lack of reversible binding for LKβ15 is possibly due to strong peptide-peptide hydrogen bonding in β-sheet structures within the adsorbed layer. For a given dose of either peptide, much less peptide adsorbed on the methyl SAMs. The adsorption rate of irreversibly bound LKα14 on carboxylic acid SAMs was first-order with respect to solution concentration. Both peptides showed nucleation-like adsorption kinetics on the carboxylic acid SAM, indicating that peptide-peptide bonding is needed to stabilize the adsorbed layer. Adsorption on the methyl SAM was much lower in quantity for both peptides and seemed to require prior aggregation of the proteins in solution, at least for LKβ15.     

Enzymatic treatment on cotton fibers: degradation kinetics of pectin and influence of shape change on adsorption

Alkaline pectinase was one of the most effective enzymes to treat cotton as alternative agent to replace the conventional alkaline method. Removal of pectin and cutin was considered the explanation for improvement of wettability as well as water adsorption on cotton fiber. However, degradation kinetics of pectin is unclear, and the influence of fiber shape on property changes after enzymatic treatment was ignored. The main objective of this work was to reveal interactions between pectinase and cotton fiber for mechanism study. A heterogeneous catalysis kinetic equation, which is associated with Langmuir adsorption model and enzyme deactivation, was used to describe the heterogeneous catalysis. The enzymatic process conditions were optimized. Raw cotton fibers, pectinase-treated and alkali-treated fibers were characterized by impurities content determination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanism of water adsorption enhancement on treated fibers was discussed. In addition to elimination of the outer impurities, flat fibers with less twist and shape changes of lumen were also obtained to ensure better accessibility and water adsorption after enzymatic treatment.     

Macroporous cellulose-based cryogels with tunable porous structure and surface functional groups

In this work, cellulose-based macroporous cryogels were fabricated by grafting with acrylic acid and acrylamide, which provided the carboxyl and amino functional groups, respectively. The effects of crosslinker, extra water, acrylic acid/ (acrylic acid+acrylamide) feeding ratio on the structure and swelling performance of the resultant cryogels were experimentally investigated. Cellulose-based cryogels with different pore size were prepared by adjusting the reaction parameters. The pore size and functional group contents influenced the swelling behavior of the cryogels. The fabricated cryogels were also investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of toxic methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The interconnected macroporous structure as well as large number of functional groups of the cryogels led to the high adsorption capacity of MB. The maximum adsorption capacity was around 990.1 mg per 1 g dye gel within 60 min. The investigation of the adsorption kinetics revealed that the adsorption process of MB from aqueous solution was well described by pseudosecond order kinetic model. Large-scale preparation of cryogel adsorbents with tunable porous structure and surface functional groups are possible. Therefore, the macroporous cellulose-based cryogels can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of chemical toxic products from aqueous solution.     

Selective removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by acrylic acid/acrylamide comonomer grafted polypropylene fibers

Polypropylene-based chelating fibers grafted with acrylic acid and acrylamide side chains were simply synthesized, and subsequently employed as adsorbents for Pb(II) removal selectively from aqueous solutions. The assynthesized fibers were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and water contact angle. The adsorption results revealed that kinetics data were fitted by a pseudo-second order model (semi-saturation time 6.2 min), thereby suggesting chelating interaction to be the main mechanism during the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well with a Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study revealed the adsorption of Pb(II) as an exothermic spontaneous chemisorptive process. Coexisting Na(I), Mg(II), and Al(III) in solution showed negligible effects in the adsorption process. As confirmed by carboxyl amination, the carboxylate oxygen preferentially chelates coexisting Ca(II) over Pb(II), thereby leading to lower extents of Pb(II)-O chelate interaction. The spent fibers were effectively and repetitively (five cycles) regenerated while maintaining high performance upon treatment with 1 M hydrochloric acid solutions.     

Preparation and BSA Adsorption Behavior of Chitosan-arginine Based Nanofiber Membranes

In this work, an affinity nanofiber membrane was successfully prepared by solution blowing of arginine-modified chitosan (CS-Arg) for bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption. CS-Arg was firstly synthesized by coupling L-arginine onto chitosan backbone. Then, CS-Arg nanofiber membranes (CANFs) were fabricated using solution blowing process with Polylactide (PLA) as assistant polymer. The results showed that CANFs effectively adsorbed BSA, and the adsorption capacities were influenced by the degrees of substitution (DS) of arginine in CS, pH value, contact time, and initial protein concentration. The highest adsorption capacity of 445.19 mg/g was achieved uvnder the following conditions: DS of 43.7 %, pH of 7.14, and initial concentration of 3.0 mg/ml. BSA adsorbed on the CANFs membrane conformed to Langmuir model, and the adsorption rate was consistent with the second-order kinetics model. This work implies that an arginine-modified chitosan nanofiber-based novel biomaterial has a potential application in adsorption of BSA.