70%苄嘧·苯噻酰WP防除水稻移栽田杂草效果研究

试验表明:70%苄嘧·苯噻酰WP是目前防除水稻移栽田中一年生杂草十分优秀的除草剂,施药后45 d,用70%苄嘧·苯噻酰WP 900 g/hm2对一年生杂草的总株防效达86.79%,对一年生杂草的总鲜重防效达91.95%,高于同期用50%苯噻酰草胺WP 900 g/hm2和32%苄嘧磺隆WP 150 g/hm2的总株防效和鲜重防效,差异都达极显著水平。     

免耕直播水稻杂草防除技术研究

在不同地区开展免耕直播杂草防除技术的试验和示范。2005年筛选出免耕直播稻田杂草防除最佳除草剂组合HC2（41％农达AS、38％苄·二氯WP、10％千金EC）;2006年HC2在浙江和湖北的超级稻免耕直播田示范,结果表明,对国稻1号田杂草千金子、异型莎草、鸭舌草和陌上菜的密度防效和植株鲜重防效达到优级水平（≥90％）,对国稻6号田杂草稗草、千金子、异型莎草和陌上菜的密度防效和植株鲜重防效达到极优水平（≥95％）。HC2对国稻1号和国稻6号的生长无不利影响,获得了较高产量。国稻1号在浙江海宁达到9510kg／hm^2,国稻6号实收产量达到6780kg／hm^2。     

苄·二氯泡腾粒剂防除水稻插秧田杂草试验

应用31%苄.二氯泡腾粒剂防除水稻插秧田杂草,试验结果表明,该除草剂能有效防除稗草、狼巴草、野慈菇、三棱草等杂草,株防效为85.7%～98.6%,鲜重防效为87.6%～99.8%。且对水稻安全,最佳推荐用量为1 050～1 200 g/hm2。     

32％金农立富可湿粉防除水稻田杂草示范总结

32％金农立富可湿粉70g／667m^2,兑水30kg，于插秧缓苗后，稗草15-2．0片叶时喷施，对水稻无不良影响，对稗草、扁秆蒸草、萤蔺有较好的防治效果，防效达95％左右，对慈姑、雨久花防效达100％，增产幅度和经济效益略高于38．5％二氯苄，可推广应用。     

50％吡嘧·二氯喹啉酸WP防除水稻田杂草效果研究

50％吡嘧·二氯喹啉酸WP是目前防除移栽水稻田中一年生杂草十分优秀的茎叶除草剂，制剂用600g／hm2，施药后15d它对一年生杂草的株防效可达92．26％，施药后30d它对一年生杂草的株防效可达92．03％，施药后45d它对一年生杂草的株防效可达91．85％，鲜重防效可达93．28％，比同期用10％吡嘧磺隆WP300g/hm2的株防效分别高12．20％、13．00％、12．80％，鲜重防效高12．75％；比同期用50％二氯喹啉酸WP600g/hm2的株防效分别高59．89％、60．68％、61．83％，鲜重防效高57．47％。     

32%金农立富可湿粉防除水稻田杂草示范总结

32%金农立富可湿粉70g/667m2,兑水30kg,于插秧缓苗后,稗草1.5～2.0片叶时喷施,对水稻无不良影响,对稗草、扁秆草、萤蔺有较好的防治效果,防效达95%左右,对慈姑、雨久花防效达100%,增产幅度和经济效益略高于38.5%二氯苄,可推广应用。     

“达效能”对水田杂草防除效果的试验总结

达效能(53%苯噻酰·苄WP)1050～1200g/hm2,于水稻插秧后5～7d,稻稗2叶前药肥法施药,水层3～4cm,保水5～7d,对稻稗、牛毛草、泽泻、鸭舌草、眼子菜、雨久花、矮慈姑等杂草具有很好的防除效果,对水稻安全。对三棱草也有明显的抑制作用。     

30%必宁特防除稻田杂草试验报告

试验结果表明:30%必宁特可湿性粉剂(WP)900～1050g/hm2,于水稻插后7d,采用药肥法施药,水层3～5cm,保水5～7d,对稗草、牛毛草、泽泻、野慈姑防效好,对三棱草有一定防效,对匐茎剪股颖防效差,对水稻安全。     

2种组合药剂对水直播稻田杂草茎叶化除试验

为了达到高效和节本降耗的目的,本试验选择了2组药剂于播后13 d进行茎叶化除试验,一次性地防除水直播稻田内杂草。试验表明:20%二氯喹啉草酮SC 200 m L/667 m2+20%氰氟草酯EC 50 m L/667 m2+75%氯吡嘧磺隆WP 2 g/667 m2作为水直播稻田杂草茎叶处理组合药剂,对水稻安全性好,对稗草、千金子和扁秆藨草的防效较好,可有效防除田间杂草。     

不同除草剂对盘锦地区旱直播田杂草防除效果研究

近年来,随着水稻直播方式在辽宁滨海稻区的推广,为解决新的农田杂草防治问题.本研究通过选用4种除草剂进行田间主要杂草株防除试验.试验结果表明,460 g/L二甲·灭草松SL对除稗草外杂草防治效果最好,50％二氯喹啉酸WP对稗草防效最好,25 g/L五氟磺草胺OD和19％氟酮磺草胺SC杀草范围最广,25 g/L五氟磺草胺O...     

Suppressing weeds in direct-seeded lowland rainfed rice: Effect of cutting dates and timing of fertilizer application

Weeds cause substantive yield losses in rainfed rice, particularly direct-seeded rice (DSR). Two field experiments were conducted in 2005 in north-east Thailand to examine the effects of cutting date and timing of fertilizer application on suppressed weed, growth and yield of DSR. Treatments consisted of two fertilizer applications to the main plots (top-dressing at the date of cutting and 15 days after cutting; DAC) and four cutting dates of the sub-plots. Rice and weed cutting was performed at 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after seeding (DAS), compared with an untreated control. Cutting resulted in a higher growth rate and improved grain yield of rice compared to the untreated control. Weed cutting at 60 DAS resulted in the greatest leaf area index, which contributed to the maximum number of tiller as well as maximum plant dry mass when observed at 30 DAC. Lower densities and dry weights of weeds at 30 DAC were observed when cutting was done 60 DAS, resulting in a higher grain yield than the other cutting dates. Timing of fertilizer application had no significant effect on the density and dry weight of grasses and broad-leaved weeds, but did have a significant affected on, resulting in the lowest density of sedges at 45 DAC was observed with fertilizer applied at cutting date. Rice grain yield was higher with top-dressing of fertilizer at 15 DAC than with fertilizer applied at cutting date. The cutting treatments resulted in higher net incomes than the untreated control. These results indicate that rice and weed cutting at an appropriate growth stage is an alternative method to chemical weed control for DSR in rainfed riceland.     

12种除草剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果

为了筛选出对麦田阔叶杂草防效较高的药剂,选择12种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行大田试验。结果表明,施药后15d,对播娘蒿、荠菜、猪殃殃三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是对杂草致死速度快的唑草酮,40%唑草酮水分散粒剂30g(a.i.)·hm-2(指每公顷有效成分用量为30g,其余类推)处理的株数防效达91.78%;施药后30d对三种杂草总体株数防效最好的是55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂412.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理,株数防效为96.53%,鲜重防效为98.79%;总体株数防效和鲜重防效仅次于55%苯·唑·2甲钠可湿性粉剂处理的分别是58g·L-1双氟·唑嘧胺悬浮剂11.8g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(株数防效为93.59%)、37%炔·苄·唑草酮可湿性粉剂222g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效为98.76%);总体鲜重防效最低的是30%二氯吡啶酸水剂202.5g(a.i.)·hm-2处理(鲜重防效仅为35.29%)。三种杂草对同种药剂的敏感性存在差异。12种除草剂对小麦的安全性有一定差异,唑草酮及其混剂处理后小麦产生的触杀型药害斑及啶磺草胺处理的小麦叶片黄化均可恢复,对小麦的产量无不良影响,其他处理均对小麦安全。     

Shade reduces growth and seed production of Echinochloa colona,Echinochloa crus-galli,and Echinochloa glabrescens

Echinochloa species are problematic weed species in direct-seeded rice systems in Asia. Because of concern about the continuous use of single herbicides, cultural weed management strategies need to be developed to maintain the sustainability of direct-seeded rice systems. However, the design of such strategies requires an understanding of the differential responses of weeds to shade caused by crop interference. The effects of shade on growth and seed production of Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Echinochloa glabrescens were determined. Weeds of three Echinochloa species were grown continuously in full sunlight or in 50% or 25% of full sunlight, or started in full sunlight and transferred to 50% or 25% of full sunlight at 21 days after sowing. The results suggested that changes in shade regime did not affect the plant height of E. colona and E. glabrescens; however, shade reduced the height of E. crus-galli. Compared with the plants grown in full sunlight, 75% of continuous shade reduced E. crus-galli height by 22%. Shade reduced leaf, total shoot, and root biomass and seed production in all the weed species, if occurred during the early growth of the weeds. The weeds responded with increased leaf biomass ratio when grown in shade. Compared with full sunlight, continuous shade of 75% increased leaf biomass ratio by 90% in E. colona and this value was 25% in the other two species. The results of this study show that shade can reduce weed growth and seed production of Echinochloa species but it should not be considered as a stand-alone strategy to manage these weeds in rice. This highlights the need for the integration of other weed management strategies to achieve complete control of these species.     

水稻机插秧“插喷同步”封闭除草技术及配套除草剂防效对比

采用机插秧“插喷同步”技术,于2019年开展大田试验,分别施用4种除草剂（33%嗪吡嘧磺隆、19%氟酮磺草胺、25%双环磺草酮、300 g/L丙草胺+10%苄嘧磺隆）进行除草,对比各除草剂处理对水稻的安全性及对稻田杂草的防治效果。结果表明,药后水稻均未发生可见药害,参试除草剂安全性好;药后35 d供试除草剂对试验田总草防效达95.0%以上;与施用除草剂处理相比,未施药对照水稻产量损失严重,减幅12.5%~42.7%。可见,“插喷同步”技术是一种高效除草技术,供试4种除草剂均能有效防治杂草,降低除草成本,提高种稻效益。     

Interaction of genotype × management on vegetative growth and weed suppression of aerobic rice

Water shortage in drought-prone rice-growing areas of the world is threatening conventional irrigated rice production systems, in which rice is transplanted into fields where standing water is maintained until harvest. Aerobic rice production systems, in which rice is grown as a direct-seeded upland crop without flooding, require less water than conventional systems, but the transition to aerobic rice systems is impeded by severe weed infestation. An environmentally friendly and less labor-intensive weed control method needs to be introduced to aerobic rice farmers. A study was conducted at the International Rice Research Institute in the 2003 wet season and 2004 dry season to evaluate the effects of genotype, seeding rate, seed priming and their interactions on vegetative growth, yield and weed suppression. Three contrasting aerobic rice genotypes differing in yield and weed-suppressive ability (WSA) were grown at three seeding rates (100, 300 and 500 viable seeds m⁻²) with or without seed priming under two weed management treatments (weed-free and weedy) in a split-plot design. In 2004, the overall weed pressure was higher than in 2003, and consequently treatment effects in this year were more distinct than in 2003. No significant interactions among the experimental factors were found for crop yield, weed biomass, leaf area index, tiller number and vegetative crop biomass. Raising seeding rate from 100 to 300 viable seeds m⁻² resulted in a significant increase in yield and a decrease in weed biomass, whereas a further increase from 300 to 500 viable seeds m⁻² did not result in a further improvement in yield and weed suppression. The stronger WSA of genotype Apo than that of genotypes IR60080-46A and IRAT 216 related to a stronger competitive ability of individual plants and a faster canopy closure (0.5–6 days earlier). The WSA of weakly competitive genotypes was partially compensated for by a higher seeding rate. Seed priming, which was only evaluated in 2003, accelerated emergence by 2 days and slightly enhanced early crop growth, but had no significant effect on yield and weed suppression. The present study suggests that combining a weed-suppressive genotype with an optimum seeding rate can serve as a tool to manage weeds.     

Use of propanil and quinclorac tank mixtures for broadleaf weed control on rice (Oryza sativa) levees

Broadleaf weed control on rice levees is an emerging problem faced by growers and consultants in Arkansas, USA. Field experiments were conducted at Lonoke and Stuttgart, Arkansas, in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the effectiveness of various postemergence herbicides applied alone or in tank mixture with propanil or quinclorac for large-sized broadleaf weed control on rice levees. Rice injury was minimal (≤5%) from all herbicides at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT), and no injury was observed at 4 WAT. Sida spinosa (prickly sida) and Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) were the most difficult-to-control weeds on levees. Of the herbicides applied alone, 2,4-D generally supplied the highest and most consistent weed control across the six species evaluated. Quinclorac was generally a better tank-mix partner than propanil for control of the weed spectrum evaluated. Propanil at 4.48 kg/ha lowered the activity of several systemic herbicides on S. spinosa, Polygonum pensylvanicum (Pennsylvania smartweed), and Ipomoea wrightii (palmleaf morningglory). Quinclorac plus 2,4-D was the most consistent tank mixture, providing more than 80% control of all weeds at 2 and 4 WAT, except A. palmeri.     

植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果

蔗田杂草对甘蔗产量有重要影响,为了探讨植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果,用植保无人机(3WWDZ-10A)喷施900 g/L乙草胺乳油进行苗前封闭除草,喷施15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂与38%莠去津悬浮剂混配液进行苗后除草,调查杂草防除效果。结果表明,应用植保无人机飞喷乙草胺对单子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为88.46%、96.68%,双子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为90.16%、97.99%,总杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为89.66%、97.85%;飞喷硝磺草酮与莠去津混配液对单子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为89.29%、86.31%,对双子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为99.23%、97.03%,对总杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为96.84%、96.25%,防除效率49.95 min/hm^2。说明植保无人机进行蔗田杂草防除具有防除效果好、对甘蔗安全和作业效率高的优势。     

4种除草剂对甘蔗新品种产量及构成因素的影响

以桂糖29号、桂糖02 -1156、桂糖05 -3084、新台糖22号4个甘蔗品种为材料,用56％二甲四氯钠盐、48％蔗草灭、38％莠去津、99.9％乙草胺4种除草剂做防除杂草的田间试验.结果表明:甘蔗产量最高的为38％莠去津胶悬剂处理,但各处理间差异不显著;产量构成因素中,茎径差异显著,株高、有效茎数、分蘖率差异不显著.这4种除草剂对甘蔗安全性好,可做土壤封闭和芽后(3～5叶)处理.其中56％二甲四氯钠粉剂对单子叶杂草防效差,99.9％乙草胺乳油对3叶以上的杂草防效差,38％莠去津胶悬剂防效最佳,田间剂量以3 748 g/hm2为宜.     

黑龙江省水直播田杂草药剂系统防控技术

本文应用“二封一补”的策略完成黑龙江省水直播田杂草的药剂系统防控试验,结果表明,在16个有效处理中,处理5（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+30%氰氟草酯OD）防控效果最好,对总杂草的株数相对防效和鲜质量相对防效均为100%,产量也最高,达到7.77 t/hm²;处理6（25%噁草酮EC+25%丙炔噁草酮OD+10%吡嘧磺隆WP,50%丙草胺EC+33%嗪吡嘧磺隆WG,5%五氟磺草胺OD+48%灭草松AS）防控效果次之,对总杂草的株相对防效和鲜质量相对防效分别为99.92%和99.74%,产量也较高,达到7.65 t/hm²。此外,从首次出苗率、分蘖动态、株高动态、千粒重和结实率等指标来看,各处理间差别很小,无药害问题。     

不同耕作模式对玉米田杂草发生规律的影响

在免耕、旋耕和翻耕玉米田试验区调查杂草种类和出苗数量,并在玉米生长中后期调查杂草种类、株数和鲜重。结果表明,不同耕作模式玉米田杂草发生规律有明显差异。免耕、旋耕和翻耕玉米田禾本科杂草高峰期都在播种后5周发生;阔叶杂草发生高峰期不同,免耕田为播种后1周,旋耕和翻耕田均在播种后2周。杂草种类不同,玉米生长中后期,免耕田有8种杂草,旋耕田有10种,翻耕田有12种;杂草发生总量不同,免耕田杂草总量最多,旋耕田居中,翻耕田最少;杂草单株鲜重不同,免耕田杂草单株鲜重最低,旋耕田居中,翻耕田最高。