我国杂交棉生产概况与发展展望

我国杂交棉生产发展经历了缓慢发展、快速增长和稳定发展3个阶段,制种质量和制种方式是杂交棉发展的主要限制因素,发展产业化经营是促进杂交棉生产的主要途径。     

黑龙江省亚麻产业发展问题和对策

本文简要介绍了黑龙江省亚麻产业发展历史、栽培制度演变、产业发展现状、主要技术概况及今后发展展望。指出黑龙江省亚麻产业在全国和我省国民经济发展及人民生活中所占的位置,论述我省发展亚麻产业的重要意义,分析我省亚麻产业发展中存在主要问题和解决措施,提出黑龙江省亚麻产业的具体对策和重点发展方向。     

高质量发展视域下茶产业与数字经济融合发展的研究——以安庆市为例

数字经济与茶产业的融合发展已经成为提升产业现代化发展水平，实现高质量全面发展的基本方式。茶产业与数字经济的融合发展对于茶产业促进自身产业结构优化，实现新旧动能转换，把握产业发展制高点等具有重要意义。文章首先在理论层面进行了茶产业与数字经济融合发展的背景和内在机制的分析，之后结合安庆茶产业发展的困境和影响数字经济融合发展的因素，分析得出了应在建设标准化体系、完善管理服务系统和顺应数字经济新业态三方面促进茶产业和数字经济融合发展的对策。以期为提高安庆茶产业发展质量效益提供一定的理论探索，也为其他地区茶产业高质量发展提供相关的参考和借鉴。     

东成镇农业发展现状及对策

介绍了海南省儋州市东成镇农业发展情况和发展特点，分析东成镇农业发展中存在的各种问题，并针对问题提出了东成镇农业发展的对策和建议。     

粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展现状调研分析

简要分析粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业发展现状和存在问题,针对存在问题及其今后的发展重点,提出粤西地区甘蔗、香蕉产业发展重点及对策,以促进粤西地区甘蔗和香蕉产业稳健发展。     

茶旅游发展与茶企业能力的关系分析

近年来,伴随社会经济的进步和旅游产业的发展,茶产业地区的旅游业发展迅速。在我国加入世贸组织情况下,我国茶产业的经营活动受到国内外市场的限制和影响,这一现象的发生也取决于我国茶产业发展的自身优势和弊端。本文研究和分析我国产茶旅游发展的实际意义,探索茶旅游业与茶企业能力的发展关系,并构建合理的茶旅游发展体系,以达到茶旅游产业的实际价值和顺利发展的目的。     

云南发展亚麻产业的思路及对策

本文从分析云南亚麻产业发展的可能性和必要性及产业发展现状和存在问题入手，提出产业发展思路及对策，为云南省纤维亚麻的发展提供依据。     

山区茶业与旅游业协同发展研究——以秭归县九畹溪镇为例

山区主导产业一般是以当地的区位条件和资源状况为基础发展起来的,茶业与旅游业便是这种内源性生长的典型。这些产业在促进当地经济快速发展的同时,其自身也存在分头单向发展的问题,不利于当地资源效益和比较优势的充分发挥,需要包容协作、共享资源,以实现产业优势互补、协同发展。文章以秭归县九畹溪镇为例,分析了山区茶业和旅游业发展的现状及协同发展的基础,提出了茶业和旅游业协同发展的三大基本策略,即价值认同、战略规划和路径选择。     

云南发展亚麻产业的思路及对策

本文从分析云南亚麻产业发展的可能性和必要性及产业发展现状和存在问题入手,提出产业发展思路及对策,为云南省纤维亚麻的发展提供依据。     

山东花生五十年回顾与展望

新中国成立后，特别是党的十一届三中全会以来，山东花生发展迅速，成就辉煌。经历了恢复和发展、徘徊、大发展和持续发展四个时期。山东花生迅速发展的根本原因，一靠政策，调动农民种花生的积极性；二靠科技，提高花生生产技术水平；三靠投入，改善生产条件。２０００～２０１０ 年，山东花生前景广阔，仍将保持生产的优势地位和持续稳定的发展势态     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

Implications of rising costs of registering agrochemicals

The increased number and complexity of the requirements for registration of agrochemicals are causing a steep rise in the costs of research and development and therefore in the price of agrochemicals. It now takes about 8–9 years for an agrochemical to be developed and marketed, at a probable cost of 10–20 million US dollars, and each of the individual tests required may cost up to US$ 500 000. A continuation of these trends would have serious consequences for industry, farmers, consumers and the developing countries. So far, the agrochemical industry has been able to continue to produce the new and improved materials necessary to combat changing pest attack: whether it can continue to do so may depend upon whether or not registration requirements are increased. Unnecessary requirements must be identified and eliminated, and any new demands must be fully justified in terms of the cost involved and of the ensuing benefits. However, if the search for greater safety were to be pushed to even greater lengths, so that costs exceed what the market will bear, the extra costs would have to be borne by the authorities and, ultimately, by the taxpayer.     

东北三省玉米气候适宜度变化分析

利用东北三省25个农业气象观测站平均资料及176个气象站1961～2007年的逐日气象资料,对玉米全生育期及各主要玉米生育阶段的气候因子及综合气候适宜度进行计算分析。结果表明,自1961年以来,玉米各发育期对气候因子适宜程度不同,播种期-出苗期、出苗期-开花期、开花期-成熟期温度适宜度呈上升趋势,日照适宜度呈下降趋势;播种期-出苗期降水呈上升趋势,其余各生育期降水均为下降趋势。玉米全生育期降水、日照适宜度呈下降趋势,温度适宜度呈上升趋势,综合气候适宜度东北三省均呈下降趋势。各气候因子组合效果较好,玉米产量与各生育阶段的不同气候因子的适宜度相关性差异较大。     

水稻抗旱性的研究进展

随着全球水资源的日益匮乏和旱灾的日趋严重,水资源短缺正成为制约我国农业发展的重要因素。培育抗旱栽培稻品种并实现水稻旱种,不但可较大程度地节约水资源,且有利于稳产增产、节约能源和减少环境污染,故栽培稻的抗旱性研究作为稻作科学研究的重要课题显得愈来愈重要。本文从水稻抗旱性鉴定形态指标、生理指标和分子标记研究三方面分别概述,并对今后水稻抗旱性方向进行了探讨。     

云南干旱地区芒果园生草栽培对土壤肥力的影响

为提高云南干旱地区芒果园管理技术和水平,通过田间试验研究不同豆科植物行间间作后土壤养分的变化。结果表明：生草间作两年后,0～60 cm土壤有机质降低;20～60 cm土壤全氮和全磷增加,0～60 cm土壤全钾增加;新诺顿豆和大翼豆将20～60 cm土壤pH从酸性提高至中性;饭豆＋绿肥提高了0～60 cm土壤碱解氮和速效磷,饭豆＋绿肥、饭豆以及田箐提高了0～60 cm土壤速效钾。试验所选生草可以增加20～60 cm土壤全氮、全磷和全钾的积累,饭豆＋绿肥轮作可以有效提高0～60 cm土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾     

Analysis of acoustic characteristics of fabrics in terms of mechanical properties

The purpose of this study was to classify various fabrics into some meaningful groups and to predict the fabrics’ acoustic characteristics using their mechanical properties. Two hundred seventeen fabrics, fifty one knitted fabrics, fifty nine woven fabrics and one hundred and seven vapor permeable water repellent fabrics, were used as test specimen. Fabric frictional sounds of the specimen were measured with a MAFN(Measuring Apparatus for Fabric Noise, Patent: No, 2001-73360). Sound Pressure Level(SPL), psychoacoustic parameters such as Loudness(z) and Sharpness(z) of the specimen were obtained by the sound quality system. KES-FB system was used for mechanical property measurements. Cluster analysis was used to classify the specimen and discriminant analysis was used to predict the clusters. Linear regression analysis was used to suggest the equations to predict the acoustic properties using mechanical properties.     

茶叶对神经系统作用及健康伦理视域下茶之健康功能的实现

随着茶及茶文化的发展及人们对健康概念的关注,茶的潜在健康功效及机制逐渐成为研究的热点。茶的潜在健康功效归因于茶叶中所具有的“特征性成分”——茶多酚、咖啡碱、茶氨酸及其它酚类等物质。正是在这些化学成分的作用下,茶叶对神经保护方面具有一定作用。本文对茶叶在神经系统方面的作用进行了阐述,并从健康伦理角度探讨了如何实现茶之健康功能。     

Comparison of methods for measuring dormancy of potatoes

Comparisons were made of different methods of measuring length of the dormant period of Russet Burbank potato tubers as affected by time of planting and harvest. The study resulted in the following conclusions: 1) when measured from planting or tuber initiation to sprouting, the dormant period of tubers harvested on the same date was longer from an early planted crop than from a late planted crop. 2) When measured from harvest to sprouting, the dormant period was shorter for tubers from an early compared to a late planting. 3) With the same planting date and different harvest dates, when measured from planting or tuber initiation to sprouting, the dormant period was shorter for tubers from an early compared to a late harvest. 4) On the other hand, with the same planting date, when measured from time of harvest to sprouting, the dormant period was longer for tubers from an early compared to a late harvest. Planting date to sprouting was considered the best practical field measure of dormancy since it closely correlated with tuber initiation to sprouting, a method which was more accurate but difficult to determine. Both methods were much better than harvest date to sprouting which is commonly used. In addition, larger tubers from earlier planting had shorter dormancy than smaller tubers regardless of method of measurement due to a probable earlier set. From later plantings, tuber size had no relationship to length of dormancy. Moisture stress significantly reduced dormancy of Lemhi, Russet Burbank, and Nooksack but the Butte cultivar was only slightly affected.     

小苍兰花瓣花黄色素组成和含量分析

以6个不同花色的小苍兰品种为实验材料,在量化小苍兰花色表型和初步确定花瓣色素类型的基础上,利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术鉴定花瓣中的花黄色素组成并比较分析各组分含量。结果表明：在小苍兰花瓣中鉴定到13种黄酮及黄酮醇物质,分别为槲皮素、山萘酚、异鼠李素、柚皮素、黄芩素及其糖苷;槲皮素及其糖苷是小苍兰花瓣中重要的黄酮醇物质;随着小苍兰的花朵开放,花黄色素含量多呈下降趋势;在不同小苍兰品种中,花黄色素含量存在明显差异,其中,红、紫色系品种含量显著高于黄、白色系品种,尤其是‘上农红台阁’‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’,其含量在各发育阶段均表现为较高水平的积累。此外,花色表型为复色的‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’中上部与基部花瓣的花黄色素含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,各花黄色素组分的积累与小苍兰花色明度均呈极显著负相关;槲皮素、异鼠李素及其糖苷含量与花色红度呈极显著正相关,柚皮素、山萘酚及其糖苷与花色红度呈显著正相关;山萘酚及其糖苷含量与花色鲜艳程度呈显著正相关。可见,花黄色素影响小苍兰的花色呈现。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。