高温胁迫下镁对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响

为了解施镁对小麦后期高温胁迫的缓解效应,采用盆栽试验方法,以自然条件为对照(昼夜温度分别为26和16 ℃),研究了灌浆期花后14~20 d 和花后21~27 d高温胁迫（昼夜温度分别为32和22 ℃）下,施镁（20 kg·hm^-2）对小麦产量和旗叶光合特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫显著降低了小麦产量,且以花后21~27 d高温胁迫影响最大;施镁能显著增加穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量。高温胁迫降低了旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、光化学效率（F_v/F_m）和实际光量子产量（Φ_PSⅡ）,各指标均以花后21~27 d高温处理降幅最大,而胞间二氧化碳浓度（C_i）则表现出相反趋势;相同温度处理下,施镁则显著提高了旗叶叶绿素含量、P_n、G_s、T_r、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ,表明镁素施用能有效缓解花后高温对叶片光合能力的伤害,有助于光合产物的积累和产量的形成。     

花后高温和干旱对冬小麦光合、抗氧化特性及粒重的影响

为了解花后高温和干旱双重胁迫对小麦的效应,以石麦15为材料,于花后15 d到21 d进行高温（34~36 ℃）和干旱（土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%~45%）处理,研究了高温和干旱胁迫对小麦旗叶光合性能、旗叶丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗氧化酶活性、籽粒淀粉含量和千粒重的影响。结果表明,胁迫第7 d（花后21 d）时,干旱和高温-干旱双重胁迫显著降低了小麦旗叶净光合速率（P_n）和叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),胁迫解除后P_n降幅缩小,高温胁迫下P_n和SPAD值与对照的差异不显著。高温-干旱双重胁迫显著降低了旗叶F_v/F_m值,且胁迫解除后恢复程度较小。胁迫期间,旗叶MDA含量和过氧化物酶（POD）活性持续升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先升后降趋势,SOD和CAT活性对干旱、高温-干旱双重胁迫更敏感,胁迫第7天时高温-干旱双重胁迫下降幅度最大。旗叶P_n和SPAD的变化趋势与籽粒淀粉积累量和千粒重变化趋势基本一致,说明灌浆期高温、干旱胁迫下小麦籽粒淀粉积累量和粒重的降低与质膜过氧化、叶绿素的降解和旗叶早衰导致的光合性能下降密切相关,在双重胁迫下光合性能受抑加剧。     

秋季耕作方式对旱地麦-玉二熟区小麦产量形成的影响

为明确秋季耕作方式对旱地麦-玉二熟体系小麦籽粒产量形成的影响,于2019年6月至2021年6月,在豫西典型旱作麦-玉二熟区的洛阳市孟津区小浪底镇明达村,选择前茬夏玉米免耕的田块,设置秋深松、秋免耕和秋旋耕3种耕作方式,分析了不同秋季耕作方式下两个试验年度的小麦籽粒产量及其构成因素和穗部性状以及2020-2021年度的小麦群体茎蘖数、孕穗后的旗叶净光合速率（P_n）和干物质积累转运特性。结果表明,秋季耕作方式对小麦产量、穗部性状、旗叶P_n和干物质积累转运特性均有显著的调节作用。与秋旋耕相比,秋深松的小麦茎蘖数除返青期外均显著增加,穗数增加5.74%~16.06%;秋深松虽然对小麦旗叶P_n无显著影响,但提高灌浆中后期的旗叶SPAD值,显著改善了干物质积累转运特性,从而使千粒重增加,其中2019-2020年度使穗长和小穗数分别提高7.50%和9.42%,最终使籽粒产量提高9.77%~19.09%。秋免耕后,小麦孕穗和抽穗期的叶片P_n、返青至开花期的干物质积累量、花前干物质转运量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率也较秋旋耕均显著降低,而花后干物质对籽粒产量贡献率提高7.35个百分点,从而保证了籽粒产量无显著下降。与秋免耕相比,秋深松下不同生育时期的茎蘖数均显著增加,孕穗至灌浆中后期的叶片P_n,灌浆中后期的旗叶SPAD值,返青-成熟期的干物质积累量,花前干物质转运量、转运效率及其对籽粒产量的贡献率分别提高7.16%~18.41%、10.27%、12.25%~19.97%、42.19%、4.02个百分点和11.95个百分点,其中2019-2020年度穗长和小穗数分别增加7.50%和8.41%,穗数和籽粒产量分别提高16.74%~17.63%和10.31%~23.63%。综上,秋深松不仅可增加小麦穗数,而且可改善旗叶光合及干物质积累转运特性,进而提高籽粒产量,是旱地麦-玉二熟区实现小麦高产的耕作方式。     

生物炭还田方式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响

为探明生物炭不同还田方式对冬小麦产量形成的影响,选用扬麦13为材料,研究了旋耕生物炭不还田（CK）、生物炭旋耕还田（XG）、常规翻耕还田（FG）和深翻还田（SFG）对冬小麦产量、干物质转运和籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,XG、FG和SFG处理显著增加冬小麦开花期、成熟期地上干物质积累量,促进花后干物质向籽粒转运,其中XG处理花后干物质对籽粒产量的贡献率比CK提高4.97%,二者间差异显著,而FG、SFG处理与CK间无显著差异;XG、FG和SFG处理对冬小麦强、弱势粒灌浆起始势和灌浆活跃期无显著影响,但可提高冬小麦强、弱势粒快增期灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率（V_max）,缩短到达最大灌浆速率的时间（T_max）,以XG处理效果最明显,其强、弱势粒V_max分别比CK提高16.41%、6.49%, T_max减少6.69%、12.97%,差异均显著;XG、FG和SFG处理能优化产量构成,其中XG处理有效穗数、千粒重、穗粒数、产量最高,分别比CK提高3.63%、8.19%、17.01%、14.27%,差异均显著。因此,在小麦-玉米轮作雨养无灌溉条件下,玉米秸秆生物炭旋耕还田可促进小麦干物质积累及花后干物质向籽粒的转运,提高强、弱势粒灌浆速率,增加冬小麦产量。     

外源褪黑素对铬（Cr6+）胁迫下小麦幼苗光合特性和养分吸收的影响

为明确褪黑素对铬（Cr⁶⁺）胁迫下小麦幼苗光合和养分吸收的调节作用,在水培条件下以豫麦51（铬敏感型）和扬麦16（耐铬型）为材料,分析了Cr⁶⁺胁迫下外源褪黑素预处理（100 μmmol·L_-1）后小麦幼苗光合和荧光参数及养分含量的变化。结果表明,Cr⁶⁺胁迫显著降低了小麦叶片叶绿素含量、气孔导度（G_s）和光系统 Ⅱ（PS Ⅱ）活性,导致光合速率（P_n）显著降低;Cr⁶⁺胁迫也显著减弱了根系对营养元素（N、P、K、Mg、Fe和Mn）的吸收和转运。外源褪黑素处理显著提高了Cr⁶⁺胁迫下小麦幼苗的P_n、G_s、叶绿素（a和b）含量、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、光化学淬灭（qL）和电子传递能力（ETR）,增加了根系和叶片营养元素的含量。综合来看,外源褪黑素会促进Cr⁶⁺胁迫下小麦幼苗对养分的吸收与转运、气孔开放、CO₂传导、光能吸收和电子传递,从而缓解Cr⁶⁺对于小麦幼苗光合的抑制作用。     

追氮对弱筋小麦干物质、氮素积累及产量的影响

为探究弱筋小麦干物质和氮素积累对追氮时期和比例的响应、提高弱筋小麦优质高产技术,在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行田间试验,供试品种为扬麦15和扬麦24,拔节期和挑旗期追氮设置5个不同比例为100∶0(N₁)、75∶25(N₂)、50∶50(N₃)、25∶75(N₄)、0∶100(N₅),分析不同处理下小麦干物质和氮素的积累与分配、产量及品质指标。结果表明,对扬麦15和扬麦24花后干物质积累量,N₁处理较其他处理分别增加8.4%~44.7%和14.6%~43.6%;对花后干物质积累量对籽粒产量的贡献率,N₁处理较其他处理分别提高3.8%~13.5%和3.9%~11.6%;N₁处理花后氮素积累量较N₅处理分别降低25.4%和21.5%,花后氮素积累对籽粒氮素的贡献率分别降低50.7%和37.4%;N₁处理显著提高籽粒总淀粉含量,降低籽粒蛋白质含量;仅拔节期追施氮肥通过提高穗数和穗粒数实现产量提升,对扬麦15和扬麦24籽粒产量,N₁处理较其他处理分别提高2.2%~16.7%和2.5%~11.3%。因此,仅拔节期追施氮肥能较好地协调弱筋小麦产量和品质之间的关系。     

ALA叶面肥对春小麦光合特性和灌浆速率的影响

为了解含5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)的叶面肥对春小麦光合特性、灌浆特性及产量的影响,以宁春15号春小麦为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验,研究了拔节期喷施稀释2 000倍（T1）、1 500倍（T2）、1 000倍（T3）、500倍（T4）的ALA叶面肥和清水（CK）5个处理对春小麦灌浆期光合特性、灌浆特性和产量的影响。结果表明,拔节期喷施一定浓度的ALA叶面肥能提高小麦灌浆期叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和胞间CO₂浓度(C_i),但以T2处理增幅最大。ALA叶面肥能够提高春小麦灌浆中前期的灌浆速率,以T2处理的效果最佳;可不同程度提高小麦产量及其构成因素,以T3处理成穗数、产量最高,与CK差异显著,较CK增产10.74%。综上所述,一定浓度ALA叶面肥能够改善春小麦的叶片光合特性,提高小麦籽粒产量,以稀释1 000~1 500倍施用效果较佳。     

外源海藻糖对高温胁迫小麦干物质积累和籽粒灌浆的影响

为明确海藻糖喷施时期及浓度对高温胁迫小麦产量形成的影响,于2020—2021年度以扬麦18、烟农19为供试品种,设置三个海藻糖浓度5 mmol·L^-1（C1）、10 mmol·L^-1（C2）、15 mmol·L^-1（C3）,分别在抽穗期（T1）、开花期（T2）、花后10 d（T3）喷施海藻糖,以喷施等量清水为对照,花后15~19 d进行高温胁迫,分析不同处理对小麦干物质积累、分配和产量的影响。结果表明,T1时期喷施海藻糖较T3和T2时期产量增加了0.64%和2.54%。C3浓度处理较C2和C1浓度处理产量提升了2.35%和10.30%;T1时期喷施C3浓度海藻糖小麦产量最高,与对照相比烟农19产量增加了15.87%,扬麦18产量增加了17.75%。T1处理下籽粒干物质分配比例较T2、T3处理分别高0.24%和0.15%,C3处理较C1、C2处理分别增加了3.07%和0.82%;海藻糖处理较对照提高了营养器官中干物质向籽粒的转运量,提升了高温胁迫下小麦干物质积累速率、小麦籽粒平均灌浆速率、有效灌浆时长、最大灌浆速率,延缓了最大灌浆速率出现时间。这说明海藻糖处理能够提高小麦的耐高温性,海藻糖喷施浓度比喷施时期对小麦产量的影响更大。本试验条件下,T1时期喷施C3浓度海藻糖产量最高。     

花后渍水对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响

为给小麦抗逆调优栽培提供依据,在池栽条件下,以豫麦34和扬麦9号为材料,研究了花后渍水对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明,花后渍水条件下,小麦旗叶光合速率和叶绿素含量均下降,且花后渍水对豫麦34的影响大于对扬麦9号的影响;叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fo上升,Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP均呈下降趋势.由此说明渍水逆境下,小麦叶片光合机构受损,光合功能期缩短,从而加速植株衰老,导致小麦干物质积累量和产量显著下降.     

外源MeJA对花后干旱胁迫下小麦光合特性的影响

为给外源茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)在小麦抗旱栽培中的合理利用提供依据,以大面积推广的小麦品种周麦18为试验材料,用盆栽控水的方法模拟干旱胁迫,研究了外源MeJA对花后干旱胁迫下小麦光合特性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低了小麦旗叶叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶黄素含量及气孔导度和蒸腾速率,提高了PSⅡ初始荧光(F_o)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)及叶黄素循环组分(V+A+Z)含量和(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)值,导致光合速率（P_n）及PSⅡ潜在活性（F_v/F_o）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）受到显著抑制,最终表现为叶片瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)和光能利用率(LUE)显著降低。干旱胁迫下喷施MeJA显著增加了叶黄素、β-胡萝卜素、(V+A+Z)含量及(A+Z)/(V+A+Z)值,从而使F_o和NPQ显著增大,缓解了干旱胁迫下强光对叶绿素产生的氧化破坏,而较低的叶绿素a/b也增强了小麦对弱光的利用效率。喷施MeJA能诱导叶片气孔适当关闭,减少了水分的散失,因而显著提高了灌浆中后期叶片P_n、F_v/F_o、F_v/F_m、Φ_PSⅡ,最终表现为WUE和LUE显著提高。这表明外源MeJA能增强小麦叶片光合系统在干旱胁迫下的稳定性,改善小麦光合作用。     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

海南百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定及其发生危害

百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。     

白砂糖干燥与冷却机理及影响

砂糖的含水量、装包温度和仓储条件对其贮存保质具有重要影响。本文从白砂糖的含水分特性、干燥机理和生产过程环节等对白砂糖干燥与冷却的影响进行深入分析。由于结晶过程的包裹现象,砂糖含水分可分为表面和内部水分,白砂糖干燥过程只能去除前者。生产过程中煮糖、分蜜操作对内部水分含量有影响。贮存过程的内部水分的扩散是砂糖降质的根本原因,而装包温度和贮存条件是影响内部水分扩散的外在条件。     

Interactive Effects of Sodium and Potassium on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Spinach and Komatsuna

Abstract

Two cultivars of spinach and one cultivar of komatsuna were sand cultured using a nutrient solution with Na and K in various combinations. The growth (fresh weight of shoot) of spinach cv. Atlas was significantly increased when 1.4 mM KC1 of the 7 m M KO was replaced with 1.4 mM NaCl, although the growth was reduced when more KC1 was replaced with NaCl. In another spinach cv. All Right, however, NaCl substituting for 20% of KC1 showed no significant effects. In komatsuna, Na used in place of K at any ratio reduced the growth. The growth of spinach cv. Atlas was increased by applying 20 mM NaCl, irrespective of K dose (480 - 2400 mg K₂O per 1/2000 a Wagner pot). The growth of spinach cv. All Right was also increased by 20 mM NaCl when K was at a deficient level (480 - 960 mg K20 per pot), but was not when K was at: an excessive level (1920 - 2400 mg K₂O per pot). In komatsuna, 20 mM NaCl reduced the growth. In spinach, Na prevented the decrease of the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance caused by K deficiency.     

苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在水稻中的残留消解动态及残留分析

本文建立了气质联用仪测定稻田环境中苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯的残留分析方法,对苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在水稻、土壤和田水中的消解动态和残留规律进行了研究。苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在糙米、稻壳、植株、土壤和田水中的最低检测浓度均为0.20 mg/kg,最小检出量为0.2 ng,在不同样品中的平均加标回收率为80.8%~109.5%,相对标准偏差在1.7%~19.7%之间。田间试验结果表明,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解动态规律均符合一级动力学反应模型,苯醚甲环唑在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解半衰期分别为6.3~11.6 d和1.4~11.6 d;嘧菌酯在水稻植株和田水中的残留消解半衰期分别为3.6~8.7 d和2.9~23.1 d。以推荐剂量600 g/hm2和1.5倍推荐剂量900 g/hm2,最多施药3次,距最后一次施药15 d时,苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯在糙米中的最高残留量分别为0.461 mg/kg和0.634 mg/kg,低于我国国家标准《食品中农药最大残留限量》(GB2763-2014)中规定的糙米中苯醚甲环唑最大残留限量0.5 mg/kg和欧盟、美国规定的糙米中嘧菌酯最大残留限量5.0 mg/kg。     

Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N₂ fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N₂ and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the N_min-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N₂ fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent.