海南百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定及其发生危害

百香果是海南省的新兴产业,也是我国多个省区扶贫攻坚的重要产业。病虫害是影响百香果产业的重要因素,随着海南百香果种植面积越来越大,病虫害对百香果产业的不利影响越来越凸显。由于缺乏百香果病虫害种类调查鉴定的基础性研究,许多种植户对田间发生的病虫害种类识别不足,从而影响了百香果病虫害的防控效果。为了摸清海南百香果种植区的病虫害种类,于2019—2021年对海南省儋州市、乐东县、屯昌县、文昌市、三亚市、东方市、保亭县、白沙县、海口市等百香果种植区的病虫害进行了系统调查与鉴定,并对其发生危害特点进行了研究。鉴定发现海南百香果种植区的病害有11种,分别是病毒病、茎基腐病、炭疽病、疮痂病、疫病、灰霉病、果腐病、褐斑病、烟煤病、藻斑病和缺镁。重要病害为病毒病和茎基腐病,危害程度分别为4级和3级,炭疽病和疮痂病危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他病害危害较轻。害虫有28种,分别是黄胸蓟马、茶黄蓟马、红带蓟马、美洲棘蓟马、普通大蓟马、咖啡木蠹蛾、美洲斑潜蝇、橘小实蝇、斜纹夜蛾、双线盗毒蛾、绿丽刺蛾、白带锯蛱蝶、烟粉虱、温室白粉虱、柑橘粉蚧、木槿曼粉蚧、藤壶蜡蚧、茶角盲蝽、樟颈曼盲蝽、稻绿蝽、中稻缘蝽、茶小绿叶蝉、丽球瓢蜡蝉、绿鳞象甲、眼斑芫菁、白条豆芫菁、甘薯梳龟甲和朱砂叶螨。重要害虫为黄胸蓟马和咖啡木蠹蛾,危害程度均为3级,茶黄蓟马和美洲斑潜蝇的危害也较重,危害程度均为2级,其他害虫危害较轻。软体动物3种,分别是灰巴蜗牛、同型巴蜗牛和一种尚未鉴定的蛞蝓。本研究明确了海南百香果种植区病虫害具体种类,新发现百香果病害1种和害虫24种,为海南百香果病虫害的精准防控提供技术支撑。     

蟋蟀对棉花的危害及其防治

蟋蟀是中国东北地区、华北地区、长江下游和华南地区的重要农业害虫,它们破坏各种作物的根、茎、叶、果实和种子,对幼苗的损害特别严重。在南方,受蟋蟀为害的花生幼苗达11%～30%,另外它们也危害玉米、黄麻、烟草、棉花、大豆和木薯,     

五彩米及其鉴别方法

一、五彩米的特点五彩米是以陕西洋县特产名贵黑米为主 ,辅以红米、绿米、紫香米 ,优质白香米按营养科学组配而成。具有纯天然 ,无污染 ,不含任何防腐剂、添加剂、增色剂 ,色奇味香 ,营养保健 ,特别是滋阴补肾 ,明目活血等特点 ,是中老年人、孕产妇、儿童的新一代功能保健食品。据祖国医学药食同源基本理论 ,天然食物的颜色与功能密切相关 ,白色润肺 ,黄色益脾 ,红色补心 ,青色养肝 ,黑色补肾。尤其是黑米 ,是大自然赐予人类的一个营养库 ,民间称之为“贡米”、“珍米”、“补血米”、“药米”、“长寿米”等。《本草纲目》载 ,黑米有滋阴、…     

新发展会员

正浙江华顶茶业有限公司浙江华顶茶业有限公司初创于1992年,已从一家名不见经传的小商号,发展成为集种植、研发、生产、销售、服务于一体的综合性企业。公司有自己的千亩有机茶园、省级示范性茶叶专业合作社、标准化茶叶加工厂和3家直营旗舰店。已通过QS、有机等质量安全认证,拥有种植、研发、生产、销售、服务各个环节的专业队伍,技术成熟,管理严格。     

天香国色话佳茗——中国茶诗中的璀璨华章

中国茶诗,源远流长,为世界文明的重要组成部分。自唐代以来,众多著名诗人、文学家、学者,如李白、杜甫、白居易、卢仝、皮日休、陆龟蒙、杜牧、欧阳修、苏轼、梅尧臣、黄庭坚、杨万里、陆游、黄宗羲、郑板桥等,都创作了许多脍炙人口的茶诗。就连唐代的唐玄     

茶園間作对茶樹生長的影响

一前言茶叶,是我国最大的特产之一,栽培面积遍及云南、四川、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、广西、贵州、江苏、河南、陕西等15省。在这些省内,不论那一省,也不论是高山与丘林茶区或平地茶区,都有间作习惯。有的是与     

余杭区茶叶加工业的发展与展望

余杭区是杭州市茶叶的主产区,现有茶园面积6万亩,主要分布在径山、余杭、黄湖、瓶窑、中泰、闲林、鸬鸟、百丈。过去,余杭区茶叶生产分散落后,茶叶产量低,品质差。经过20多年的努力和发展,茶叶产量、品质有了大幅度的提升。2011年,径山茶(统称)总产量达9800余吨,总产值5.2亿元。其中,径山毛峰茶1200余吨,径山蒸青茶7500余吨,径山龙井茶1100余吨,分别占总产量的12.2%、76.5%、11.2%,占总产值的60%、25%、15%。径山毛峰和龙井茶主要是内销,少量间接出口,蒸青茶95%为外销,出口量占杭州地区的85%,占全国的40%。     

番茄花萼形态多样性、相关性分析及因子模型构建

番茄花萼一直伴随果实的生长、发育及成熟,是花和果实的重要组成部分,包被在花的最外层,对花蕾有重要的保护作用。本试验以29份不同品种、不同果型的番茄为材料,对其花萼的发育过程、形态指标、相关性及主成分进行研究。结果表明:萼片形态发育过程为闭合、微展、张开、收合、变形、定形,在番茄果实红熟期,萼片形态基本稳定,主要出现平展、上翘、直立、微合、完合、内卷6种,不同品种的番茄萼片数也有所差异,大多数番茄萼片数为27片;番茄红熟期萼片形态特征分析结果表明,萼片的变异系数大小顺序为:SESA（37.07%）>SET（23.81%）>SEUD（22.96%）>SEW（21.07%）>SEL（20.25%）>SESC（19.58%）>SEC（1.29%）;Pearson偏相关性分析结果表明,番茄果实红熟期萼片的形状主要由SEW决定,而与SEL、SET、SESA没有显著相关关系;萼片的卷曲度与上翘度呈极显著负相关（R=-0.402）,而与其它5个性状都无相关关系,说明SEUD、SEC与SEL、SEW、SET、SESA、SESC性状是相对独立的遗传性状;R型因子分析结果表明,萼片形状贡献率大小依次为:SEL>SEW>SET>SESA>SESC>SEUD>SEC;由旋转后的因子载荷矩阵和建立的因子数学模型可知,F1、F2、F3分别为第一、第二、第三主因子,说明萼片的性状与萼片长、萼片宽、萼片厚和萼片面积有较为紧密的联系。     

海南岛荔枝、龙眼害虫种类名录

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法对海南岛儋州、白沙、乐东、五指山、琼海、保亭、陵水、澄迈、海口等地的荔枝龙眼树害虫种类进行了系统调查,调查结果显示,海南岛共有荔枝龙眼害虫(螨)100种,分属于昆虫纲的蜚蠊目、等翅目、直翅目、同翅目、缨翅目、半翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目及蛛形纲的真螨目共2个纲、10个目,47个科。     

田间条件下不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律的研究

本文通过分析大田条件下1、2、3、5和10龄龙井43茶园头年秋天整株茶树、第二年采摘新稍、修剪物和落叶的生物量以及氮、磷、钾养分量,研究不同园龄茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求规律。1龄茶园到5龄茶园,茶树地上部生物量、氮、磷、钾养分量分别增加约32倍、21倍、25倍、29倍,到10龄茶园,与5龄茶园相比,仅分别增加约71%、17%、13%、14%。从1龄到2龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为90.01、5.71、31.11kg/hm2,从2龄到3龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为122.74、9.63、45.14kg/hm2,从3龄到4龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别为144.03、10.33、47.99kg/hm2。幼龄茶树经过定型修剪后,吸收的养分有一部分通过修剪物和落叶回归土壤,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的养分量占总量的43.9%、48.7%、61.3%左右。进入青年期,如5龄茶园,茶树氮、磷、钾的年养分需求量分别约为164.4、12.68、71.29kg/hm2。进入采摘后,茶树所需的养分主要用于新稍生长,一部分分配到修剪物和落叶之中,因茶树生长(不包括修剪物和落叶等)并留存在茶树上的氮、磷、钾养分量比较稳定且只占较少份额(氮、磷、钾养分量分别仅约为7.54、0.53、5.44kg/hm2)。本试验对田间条件下不同生育期的茶树氮、磷、钾养分需求量的研究建立了试验分析方法,为进一步研究茶树养分需求规律提供了一条新的思路。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。