陕西茶树种质资源研究现状及展望

茶树种质资源是茶树育种、遗传研究及生产利用的重要物质基础,是茶产业可持续发展的动力。本文综述了近几年来国内学者对陕西茶树种质资源分类、生化成分、DNA分子鉴定等方面的研究现状,并对陕西茶树种质资源保护利用进行了展望,为科学保护与合理利用陕西茶树种质资源提供参考依据。     

我国李杏种质资源利用和产业开发

对我国李杏种质资源新品种选育和商品性开发、加工和利用的现状及进展进行了综述,并对用于园林绿化的李杏资源现状和应用价值给予肯定,为推动李杏资源的利用和发展奠定了基础。     

吉林省玉米种质资源保存利用现状及研究对策

通过对吉林省玉米种质资源的保存利用现状的阐述,说明了玉米种质资源创新利用的重要性,提出了加强对玉米种质资源研究和利用的对策。     

黄麻、红麻优异种质资源鉴定、创新与利用

本文介绍了种质资源的鉴定评价方法,总结了种质创新利用技术,并详细阐述了黄麻、红麻在优异种质资源鉴定评价与创新利用等方面的研究现状,分析了黄麻、红麻种质资源研究领域当前存在的主要问题,提出了相应的建议,对黄麻、红麻种质资源的发展前景进行了展望。     

我国茶树种质资源研究40年

茶树种质资源是品种遗传改良重要的物质基础,是其育种核心竞争力的体现。本文综述了改革开放40年来我国在茶树种质资源收集、保存、分类、描述编目、遗传多样性、核心种质库、优异茶树资源的筛选与创新利用方面重要的研究进展,并对茶树资源的收集保护、精细深入的鉴定评价、特异资源的挖掘利用、共享平台和机制的建立进行了展望。     

中国苎麻种质资源利用研究进展

简要总结了中国苎麻种质资源(栽培种和野生种)收集、整理、保存、鉴定、评价与利用等方面的研究进展,分析了中国苎麻种质资源利用研究的特点、分歧与问题,明确提出了中国苎麻种质资源的研究方向、重点任务及加强苎麻种质资源研究和利用的保障措施.     

浙江省玉米种质资的保存与利用

综述了浙江省玉米种质资源收集、整理及甜、糯玉米种质资源的利用现状,提出了今后在种质资源保护与利用方面的重点发展方向。     

福建稻种资源收集、保存、鉴定评价与利用研究

主要介绍了福建水稻种质资源收集、保存和利用情况,并对稻种资源中的福建地方稻种、台湾稻种、国际稻品种和漳浦野生稻进行鉴定评价,提出了稻种资源今后的研究方向。     

分子标记研究野生大豆遗传多样性进展

野生大豆是栽培大豆的近缘野生种,是大豆遗传改良的重要基因源。野生大豆的遗传多样性研究对野生大豆资源的收集、保存、保护和利用具有重要意义。本文从种质库资源的多样性,不同国家野生大豆资源的多样性,野生大豆种群的多样性和野生大豆种群间的遗传分化几个方面,总结了利用RAPD、AFLP和SSR等DNA分子标记技术对野生大豆资源和种群进行遗传多样性研究的进展。     

麻类优异种质的创新与利用研究

作物种质资源是育种和生产重要的物质基础,种质创新是种质资源研究的核心.通过多年的系统研究,我国麻类种质资源研究已跃居世界先进水平,成为世界麻类资源大国.但是,麻类种质创新落后、育种材料遗传基础狭窄、可利用资源贫乏的矛盾还十分突出,种质资源研究与育种和生产还有较大的差距.本文报告了麻类种质创新的方法和技术,麻类优异基因源的发掘和利用,"十五"苎麻、红麻、亚麻、黄麻优异种质创新和利用的成果,对今后的麻类种质创新工作提出了一些设想和建设性建议.     

Rutin from different parts of Capparis spinosa growing wild in Khuzestan/Iran

A qualitative and quantitative analysis of rutin from leaves, fruits and flowers of Capparis spinosa growing wild in Khuzestan was achieved. After soxhelet extraction of fats in diethyl ether, rutin was extracted by maceration using 50% EtOH. The ethanol extracts of these parts were separated by preparative TLC on silica gel precoated plate with a mixture of butanol: acetic acid (4:1, by volume) as the developing solvent. The spots were visualized under ultraviolet light (254 nm). Rutin was qualified by comparison of its R(f) value with that of standard. UV/Vis spectrum of separated rutin was also compared with those of standards and showed characteristic wavelengths at 260 and 360 nm. Purified rutin was quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometric determination at 360 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.156-2.5 microg mL(-1) with detection limit of 0.0731 microg mL(-1). The purity of extracted rutin from leave, flower and fruit determined by high performance liquid chromatography were 90.41, 87.25 and 64.56%, respectively. The amounts of rutin in leaves, fruits and flowers were 61.09, 6.03 and 43.72 mg per 100 g of dried powder, respectively. By analyzing the spiked samples of leave, flower and fruit the recovery of the UV/Vis method was in the range of 102-107.6%.     

Bioactive compounds from Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris

Aim of this study was to determine the content of bioactive phytochemicals in Capparis spinosa subsp. rupestris (syn. C. orientalis), a less investigated species of caper and compare the chemical profile of this species with that of other studied Capparis sp. and especially with the related cultigen C. spinosa subsp. spinosa. Chemical composition of seed oil and glucosinolates, as well as of glucosinolates and flavonoids from the aerial parts of the plant have been determined and data reported here. Oil from the plant seeds is rich in unsaturated and rare lipids such as cis-vaccenic acid; the main glucosinolate is glucocapperin. The aerial parts are characterized by rutin as the dominant flavonoid. The overall phytochemical data obtained from the analysis of C. spinosa subsp. rupestris indicate that this species represents a very rich source of bioactive compounds of nutraceutical relevance although the compositional profile does not differentiate this subspecies from C. spinosa subsp. spinosa.     

多杀菌素生产菌株的选育

对多杀菌素产生菌n-23-107的孢子采用逐步诱变的方式,先进行超声波处理,再用紫外线、氮离子注入、Co-Y射线等进行物理诱变,分别以不同诱变处理的正变菌株作出发菌株,获得了高产菌株C121,其发酵效价达到 460 ug加L,是出发菌株效价的171%。     

Toxicity and residual activity of spinetoram to neonate larvae of Grapholita molesta (Busck) and Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Semi-field and laboratory trials

Spinetoram is a fermentation insecticide, derived from the actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa. It works by disrupting the GABA-gated chloride channels and by causing persistent activation of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of spinetoram for control of neonate larvae of both oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta (Busck) and codling moth (CM) Cydia pomonella (L.) in semi-field and laboratory trials. OFM and CM neonate larvae responded similarly to spinetoram, which showed high efficacy on both species. In semi-field experiments, regression analysis of the percentage of damaged fruits as a function of days after treatment showed a better performance of the highest spinetoram dose (10 g a.i./hl) in comparison with the maximum recommended field dose of the reference product emamectin benzoate (2.85 g a.i./hl). Surface-treated diet assays revealed LC₅₀ values of 6.59 and 8.44 ng a.i./cm² for neonate larvae of OFM and CM larvae, respectively. High percentages of mortality were recorded on both species after 24-h exposure to treated diet. For these reasons spinetoram could be considered a valuable tool in IPM strategies for OFM and CM control.     

酸枣仁总黄酮成分的提取工艺及其含量分析

目的优化酸枣仁中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法利用分光光度计通过测定吸光度测定酸枣仁中总黄酮的含量,采用正交试验,优选酸枣仁中总黄酮最佳提取工艺。结果最佳提取工艺为加10倍量,70%的乙醇,提取1次,每次1h。结论建立的酸枣仁总黄酮含量的测定方法,该方法简单、快捷,重现性好,可用于酸枣仁的质量控制和定量分析。优选的方法可靠,重现性好,可用于提取酸枣仁中总黄酮。     

云南蒙自枇杷根腐病植株根际土壤真菌多样性研究

摸清蒙自枇杷根腐病病株根际土壤真菌区系分布,为有效可持续防控枇杷根腐病提供理论依据。采用五点取样法采集土壤样品,稀释平板法在PDA培养基上分离纯化,获得114株枇杷根腐病病株根际土壤真菌,经显微镜形态鉴定。109株真菌鉴定为以下24种：Absidia corymbifera、Absidia cylindrospora、Absidia spinosa、Acremonium cerealis、Acremonium murorum、Aspergillus niger、Cladosporium cladosporioides、Colletotrichum dematium、Fusarium flocciferum、Mucor circinelloides f. janssenii、Mucor circinelloides f. wsitanicus、Penicillium atrovenetum、Penicillium canescens、 Penicillium chrysogenum、Penicillium corylophilum、Penicillium daleae、Penicillium digitatum、Penicillium nigricans、Penicillium oxalicum、Penicillium saceulum、Penicillium variabile、Pythium intermedium、Trichoderma strigosum、Verticillium fungicola,分属于11个属,其中青霉属(Penicillium)是优势属,另外5株真菌属于担子菌。     

Phenolic Compounds and Vitamin Antioxidants of Caper (Capparis spinosa)

Capparis spinosa shows strong resistance to the adverse Mediterranean conditions and it has nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contents of total phenolic compounds, rutin, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin C in leaves and flower buds of C. spinosa from different locations in Tunisia. Results showed the richness of caper with these compounds, especially phenolic compounds. Interestingly, it was also found the presence of both α- and γ-tocopherol in buds. Moreover, C. spinosa contained an appreciable level of vitamin C. The significant amounts of these antioxidants confirm the nutritional and medicinal value of caper.     

Effect of feeding some plant foods as source of dietary fibre on biological utilisation of diet in rats

Isoproteinous diets containing 1% cholesterol and 10% fibre derived from plant foods namely,peepalbanti (Ficus religiosa),barbanti (Ficus bengalensis),gullar (Ficus glomerata),teent (Capparis decidua) andkhejri beans (Prsopsis cineria) or pure cellulose, were fed to rats for 40 days. Effect of incorporation of these whole plant parts on feed intake, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio (FER), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and true protein digestibility (TPD) in weanling rats was studied. Their inclusion did not affect the weight gain significantly whereas all other parameters were influenced to a varying extent. Foods rich in lignin had relatively lower FER, DMD and TPD whereas cellulose and pectin rich foods had higher DMD and TPD.     

Extractability and nutritional value of leaf protein from tropical aquatic plants

In a study conducted on the extraction of protein from the leaves of 30 freshwater aquatic plants, the highest standing crop fresh yield was found inTypha latifolia (2650g/m²). The Bio-Medical Data Processing (BMDP)K-means clustering program withK=2 showed that 11 of the 30 plants had a high protein nitrogen extractability as well as a high nitrogen content of the extracted protein. Among these, leaf protein fromAllmania nodiflora had the highest content of crude protein (62.7%) and β-carotene (782.4 μg/g). Leaf protein prepared fromHygrophila spinosa, Ottelia alismoides andPolygonum barbatum had low in-vitro digestibility. The levels of alkaloids and polyphenols were lower in the extracted protein compared to that present in the original leaf sample.     

Nutritional value of some non-conventional plant foods of India

Thirteen non-conventional foods including fruits, leaves and grains consumed in various parts of the Indian subcontinent were analysed for their nutritional value. Khejri beans (Prsopsis cineria), Pinju (Capparis decidua) and Kachri (Cucumis species) contained considerable amounts of protein (15–18%). Kachri was rich in fat (13%). Bhakri (Tribulus terristris), Gullar (Ficus glomerata) and Peehl (Salvadora oleoides) were found to be rich sources of calcium; Gullar contained about 15 times the amount of calcium present in wheat. Phosphorus content of Santhi (Boernavia diffusa), Khejri beans, Bhakri, Pinju and Lehsora (Cordia dichotoma) were noticeable. Zinc was present in high amounts in Peepalbanti (Ficus religiosa) and Gullar; as was iron in Santhi and Bhakri and manganese in Santhi. Besides iron, zinc and calcium, Pinju contained appreciable amounts of -carotene and vitamin C. However, Santhi contained high amounts of oxalic acid.