柠檬花粉特性研究

以不同柠檬种质的花粉为材料,研究其花粉量,新鲜花粉活性,并采用离体培养法,研究其在25℃恒温、4℃和-20℃环境下,随着贮藏时间的延长干燥花粉生活力的变化。结果表明:不同的柠檬种质单花药花粉量差异大,新鲜花粉生活力差异明显。柠檬干燥花粉在25℃恒温、4℃和-20℃中贮藏相同时间,温度越低,花粉生活力相对保存越好。三个贮藏温度中,10份柠檬种质均以-20℃为最佳贮藏温度。在同等贮藏条件下,泰国中果花粉耐贮性明显高于其它柠檬种质,红花柠檬、越南青柠檬,耐贮性最差。     

大葱种子加工贮藏技术探讨

介绍了大葱种子清选、合理干燥、正确包装的加工贮藏技术要点,重点阐述了大葱超干贮藏、超低温贮藏技术。     

辣木全生粉末素片工艺研究初报

初步研究了辣木全生粉末素片工艺,探索以素片合格率为指标的最佳工艺条件。对粉末粒度、混合时间、干燥温度、干粒粒度和干粒含水量等5个主要影响因子的单因子分析和正交试验结果：粉末粒度100目、混合时间15min、干燥温度70℃、干粒粒度12目、干粒含水量3％为生产辣木全生粉末素片合格率最高的工艺参数组合。     

番木瓜片的微波真空干燥特性与动力学模型

研究了番木瓜片在不同微波功率、相对压力、切片厚度和装载量等干燥参数条件下的微波真空干燥特性,并建立微波真空干燥数学模型。结果表明:番木瓜片微波真空干燥过程可分为加速、恒速和降速过程;番木瓜片的干燥主要集中于恒速干燥阶段;番木瓜片的微波真空干燥过程同时受到微波功率、相对压力、切片厚度和装载量的影响;Page方程关于番木瓜片干基含水量和水分比的预测值与试验值均拟合较好,能较准确地反映番木瓜片微波真空干燥过程中的水分变化规律。     

原料茶干燥工艺对绿茶饮料品质的影响

为探明饮料用原料茶的适宜干燥工艺,将不同干燥方式、干燥程度绿茶原料加工成茶饮料,研究其浸出特性及品质稳定性。结果表明:(1)低温浸提时,茶多酚浸出量以炒干最高,高温时以烘炒焙、烘炒烘处理最高。氨基酸的浸出量则均以烘干、烘焙处理最高。(2)烘干、烘焙样品在灭菌前后及贮藏期间的L值显著为高,平均值较其余处理高2.035~3.905;抗色变能力同样以烘干较强,低温贮藏时的-a/b值较炒干处理样高19.5%。(3)感官风味比较显示,大多数处理茶汤在灭菌后均呈现出绿黄或黄绿色,香气带熟,但烘干处理仍能保持绿明亮,且滋味、香气未显熟味;贮藏期间的风味稳定性也以烘干样为最佳。综合分析,饮料用原料茶的干燥工序宜采用烘干工艺,且烘干程度以5%~6%为佳。     

芝麻种子超干贮藏研究

选用豫芝四号种子为材料，将不同含水量的种子分别密封在室温（20－25℃）和低温（5℃）下贮藏12个月，在室内水分平衡后测定种子的生活力和活力，结果表明，室温下适当干燥能使芝麻种子保持较高活力水平，种子含水量存在一个超干水平临界值，室温贮藏时为3．78％，低温贮藏时为6．01％。     

红茶贮藏的考察

引言斯里兰卡茶运到世界各个销售中心时要贮藏3—9个月,在此期间茶叶通常收敛性大大减少,致使品质不好,育时甚至卖不出去。考察最近的一些试验研究,其目的是在于认别茶叶在贮藏期间变质的起因和寻求防止茶叶变质的补救办法。成茶制造红茶的最后阶段是干燥过程,它使发酵叶变为稳定的产品。在干燥期间,起“发酵”作用的酶已钝化。而在干茶中进一步产生变化的是由于缓慢的氧化反应。可是在一些研究工作中,     

花生种子实用超干贮藏技术研究Ⅰ.烘箱法干燥花生种子的探索

试验采用烘箱干燥不同类型花生种子,测定了在不同干燥温度及时间条件下,花生种子含水量及生活力变化情况.试验结果表明花生种子是比较耐高温的,一般均能够承受60℃的干燥温度,并保持了70%(干燥24h)以上的发芽率,水分含量最低可干燥到2%(24～48h)左右,已经达到了种子超干燥水平.烘箱干燥效果受大气湿度的影响,干燥、大气湿度低的天气比阴雨、大气湿度高的天气干燥效果一般相差1%左右.种子活力高时比种子活力低时更能耐受高温干燥.采用烘箱干燥花生种子可以作为超干贮藏的水分干燥手段.     

菠萝的采收与贮藏技术

菠萝果实的贮藏性与采收成熟度关系很大，成熟度越高，耐藏性越差。一般八成熟左右的菠萝最适于贮藏和远途运输。菠萝成熟不一，但80％集中在5-7月成熟。果实以晴天清晨露水干后采收，切忌阴雨天采收，果柄应保留2cm长，避免损伤。采后随即移至阴凉通风处，经预冷散热并稍干燥后再分级包装。     

优质绿茶生产的理论与实践 IV湖南绿茶品质特点和关键加工技术

湖南绿茶品质特点表现为EGCG含量高、滋味浓,品质缺陷为颜色容易发黄。绿茶的干茶色泽、汤色和叶底的绿色分别与茶叶品质存在正相关。湖南优质绿茶加工保绿的关键技术在于适当摊青、充分杀青、快速摊凉、适度揉捻、及时干燥和低温贮藏。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。