连作大豆松沟倒垄耕作及机械化种,管,收技术

连作大豆松沟倒垄耕作及机械化种、管、收技术五九一六部队生产处高如先连作大豆松沟倒垄耕作，是在原垄作基础上，垄沟深松搅土，垄台破茬分土，在原垄沟部位起新垄的耕作方法。松沟倒垄、垄上精播、多位施肥、苗带喷洒、深松中耕、挠型收割，配套构成连作大豆耕、种、管...     

大豆机械化配套高产栽培技术

自６０年代以来，黑龙江省垦区大豆种植方式几经变革，不断发展。６０－７０年代，垦区是以平播后起垄为主的种植方式。８０年代中期开始试验与推广垄作深松、分层深施肥和垄上双条精量点播栽培技术（简称“三垄”法），使垦区大豆由单条平播普遍改为垄作技术。至９０年代...     

黑龙江省大豆“八字”高产栽培模式──良种、精播、深施、细管

黑龙江省大豆“八字”高产栽培模式──良种、精播、深施、细管东北农业大学杨庆凯黑龙江省农科院大豆所胡立成黑龙江省大豆栽培技术在６０年代主要推广了适期早播、合理密植。７０年代推广了“早、晚、密”栽培法、垄上双条播、深层施肥、垄沟（底）深松等许多典型单项增...     

垄体垄沟带状深松技术对重茬大豆根腐病及大豆生育的影响

1995－1997年在大豆重茬条件下，进行了垄体垄沟带状深松技术对大豆根腐病及大豆生育影响的研究。结果表明，带状垄体垄沟深松技术能减轻大豆根腐病的发生，并且使大豆株高、茎粗、根数明显增加，干物质积累量增加。     

大豆“暗垄密”高产栽培技术研制试验成功

由黑龙江八一农垦大学研制试验的大豆“暗垄密”机械化配套高产栽培技术,十二月十日通过了由国内外著名的大豆专家王金陵教授等组成的技术鉴定委员会技术成果鉴定。大豆“暗垄密”高产栽培技术,实质内容就是平播、窄行、密植配套整体技术。它是在总结国内先进的“垄三”栽...     

大豆综合高产栽培技术

大豆垄三栽培技术是以深松、深施肥和精量播种三项技术为核心的大豆综合高产栽培技术,正常情况均可增产15%～20%。深松的深度以打破犁底层、加深耕作层为标准,一般深松深度以25～30厘米为宜。全方位土壤深     

大豆合农60号窄行密植不同种植方式的比较研究

通过不同窄行密植种植方式及密度的比较研究,结果表明：窄行密植种植方式下密度对合农60号产量影响显著,同密度下30cm行距平播产量高于45cm小垄窄行密植,大豆合农60号窄行密植高产栽培适宜方式为30cm行距平播,密度为45万株/hm2。     

大豆大垄高台密植栽培技术

大垄高台密植栽培技术是在“深窄密”模式的基础上,增加了土壤库容,而发展起来的一项垄平结合、宽窄结合、旱涝综防的大豆栽培模式。主要介绍该技术独特的技术优势和严格的操作标准。     

大豆"小垄窄行密植"栽培技术

大豆“小垄窄行密植”栽培技术是引进吸收美国R．L．Cooper教授等人的半矮杆密植模式基础上，经过几年的试验、改造、嫁接、创新而形成的适于黑龙江省北部大豆产区应用的一种“垄窄密”栽培法，它比一般垄作增产17．2％。小垄窄行密植，更是一种新型的栽培技术。     

垄底垄沟超深松对土壤含水量及大豆产量影响的研究

通过对垄底垄沟深松技术进行研究,结果表明,垄底垄沟深松技术能提高三江平原水利用率,活化土壤、增加土壤速效养分,缓解旱涝程度,增强抗旱、抗涝能力,增产显著.     

东北春玉米区不同耕作方式对玉米钾素积累分配的影响

以先玉335为试验材料，在大田条件下设苗带紧行间松（MJ）、苗带松行间紧（MS）、全紧（QJ）和全松（QS）4种耕作方式处理，研究耕作方式对春玉米子粒重量及各器官钾含量、钾素吸收、积累和利用的影响。结果表明，苗带紧行间松型耕作方式下玉米单株粒重显著高于其他3种耕作方式，苗带松行间紧、全松和全紧型耕作方式的玉米子粒重量差异不显著。开花期，苗带紧行间松型耕作方式下玉米茎秆的钾素积累量最高，钾素含量与其他处理差异不显著；成熟期，苗带紧行间松型耕作方式下玉米叶片和子粒的钾素积累量最高，叶片的钾素含量最高，根系和茎秆的钾素含量最低。苗带紧行间松型耕作方式的钾素偏生产力和钾素吸收效率最高。对单株粒重与钾效率各参数的相关分析表明，单株粒重与钾素子粒生产效率、钾素吸收效率、单株干物重和钾素收获指数呈显著正相关，与钾素偏生产力呈极显著正相关。综合考虑钾素吸收、积累和子粒产量，苗带紧行间松型耕作方式为最佳耕作方式。     

东北春玉米区不同耕作方式对玉米磷素积累分配的影响

以先玉335为试验材料,在大田条件下设置4种耕作方式处理,研究耕作方式对春玉米产量及各器官磷含量、磷素吸收、积累和利用的影响。结果表明,苗带紧、行间松型耕作方式下玉米的产量最高,苗带松、行间紧型耕作方式次之,苗带、行间全松型耕作方式产量最低。开花期,苗带紧、行间松型耕作方式下根系磷含量和磷积累量均最高;成熟期,苗带紧、行间松型耕作方式下根系、茎秆和子粒的磷含量及磷积累量显著高于其他处理。苗带紧、行间松型耕作方式下玉米的磷素吸收效率、磷素偏生产力、磷素贡献率和磷素转移效率显著高于其他处理,磷素干物质生产效率和磷素子粒生产效率显著低于苗带、行间全松和苗带、行间全紧处理。相关分析表明,粒重与磷素子粒生产效率、磷素吸收效率、整株干物重、磷素收获指数显著正相关,与磷素偏生产力、磷贡献率极显著正相关。     

东北春玉米耕地合理耕层构造研究

通过对不同耕法所形成的耕层剖面研究,分析了不同耕法形成的耕层结构特点。根据对不同耕层构造模式的生态功能试验分析,提出了苗带紧行间松、松紧兼备型耕层模式的构建,该构造对土壤水、气调节具有良好效果,能充分满足春玉米生长对耕层土壤的生态需求。采用此种耕层构造,对于促进玉米的生长发育、产量的提高具有明显效果。     

吉林半干旱区不同灌溉方式对土壤水分变化及玉米产量的影响

通过对常规垄灌溉、固定隔沟灌溉和交替隔沟灌溉的试验对比,交替隔沟灌溉水量仅为常规沟灌的1/2,有一半左右的地表面处于相对干燥状态,水分渗入率较大,提高了土壤对灌溉水和自然降雨的储存与利用,有利于对有限的水资源进行合理分配和充分利用。运用交替隔沟灌溉技术能提高作物对垄两侧土壤中养料、水分等的利用效率,作物根系进行干湿交替锻炼后,刺激根系生长,提高根系活力,一定程度增强植株抵御干旱的能力,更利于作物健康生长,交替隔沟灌溉是具有较强实用性的大田节水灌溉方法。     

垄膜沟种技术对辽西旱地春玉米土壤水分及产量的影响

在辽西风沙半干旱雨养农业区采用垄膜沟种技术,可有效提高自然降水利用率,达到保水增墒、减少无效蒸发,提高玉米产量的作用。试验结果表明,垄膜沟种技术种植的春玉米全生育期内在同等降雨条件下土壤含水量比常规地膜覆盖增加0.75个百分点,比裸地增加3.32个百分点。春玉米单株总叶面积比常规地膜覆盖和裸地种植分别增加了881.70 cm²和714.39 cm²,为春玉米增产提供了物质保障。垄膜沟种技术可提高玉米经济性状指标,增加产量,试验单产达11 847.39 kg/hm²,较裸地种植增加了2 681.62 kg/hm²,增产29.14%;比常规地膜覆盖种植增加了484.37 kg/hm²,增产4.25%。     

寒旱区不同覆膜栽培模式对马铃薯产量的影响

以马铃薯品种陇薯3号为试材,研究了全膜起垄侧播（地膜全覆盖种在垄的两侧,双行）、半膜起垄顶播（覆盖垄,不覆盖垄沟,种在陇上,单行）、全膜起垄沟播（全部覆盖,种在垄沟,单行）和露地起垄顶播（CK）（起垄,种在陇上）4种栽培模式对其产量的影响效果。结果表明：与对照相比较,3种覆膜栽培模式均可提高土壤含水量和土壤温度,促进马...     

玉米大垄行间覆膜栽培技术的研究初报

研究比较了垄上覆膜、行间覆膜、大垄直播、小垄直播4种栽培方式。结果表明:大垄行间覆膜比直播能显著提高玉米子粒重,提高产量,提高土壤温度,保持土壤湿度,生育期提前,减少土壤容重,增大土壤孔隙度,提高产量构成因素,使产量提高13.58%。     

Soil quality responses to alfalfa watered with a field micro-catchment technique in the Loess Plateau of China

This paper explores the soil responses to alfalfa that is established using a field micro-catchment technique to harvest water under semiarid conditions. The field micro-catchment technique involved setting up ridges and furrows alternately on the flat land. The ridges served as the rainfall harvesting zone and the furrows as the planting zone. Five treatments were set up in this study: (1) conventional cultivation in a flat plot without mulch (CK), (2) plastic mulched ridge with 30 cm width of ridge and furrow (M30), (3) plastic mulched ridge with 60 cm width of ridge and furrow (M60), (4) bare ridge with 30 cm width of ridge and furrow (B30), (5) bare ridge with 60 cm width of ridge and furrow (B60). The mulching treatments increased the productivity of seeded alfalfa and significantly (p < 0.05) increased water use efficiency, causing the soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN) and C/N ratio to increase. We also found that the alfalfa root system was very good at breaking up the plowing pan created by many years of tillage. In the M30 and M60 treatments, the total forage yield during the 3 years was higher than in CK by 10.7% and 40.3% respectively, whereas the total forage yield over the 3 years in the B30 and B60 treatments were lower than in the CK treatment by 14.2% and 28.3%, respectively. The water use efficiency in the mulching treatment was significantly higher than in the other treatments. After 3 years (2001–2003), the SOC content in ridge and furrow treatments (M30, M60, B30 and B60) was increased by 7.4%, 14.2%, 4.5% and 1.8%, respectively, contrasting with a decrease of 3.5% in the CK treatment. The increase in SOC positively correlated (R² = 0.6257) with the forage yield of alfalfa in the ridge and furrow treatments. The TSN for CK, M30, M60, B30 and B60 increased by 0.35%, 1.70%, 2.30%, 0.75% and 0.64%, respectively by the end of the 3 years. However, we found that the available phosphorus (P) in the mulch treatments during the 3-year period decreased rapidly indicating that it is necessary to apply P fertilizer to alfalfa-cultivated land under these management conditions. In conclusion, the ridge and furrow with mulch treatments, especially M60 treatments, proved to be a better pattern for alfalfa establishment, soil quality and nutrient cycling under semiarid conditions.     

Responses of rainwater conservation, precipitation-use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize to a furrow-planting and straw-mulching system in northern China

In the rain-fed areas of northern China, maize (Zea mays L.) is a main field crop, as it is well adapted to high temperatures and bright sunshine. However, low and variable rainfall and high evapotranspiration rates are common in water-limited environments during the growing season, and often mismatched rainfall events with the critical growth stages, making yield unstable. In this study, the performance of a furrow-planting and straw-mulching system was compared with the conventional flat-planting system in a double-crop culture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize for two consecutive years (2005-2006 and 2006-2007). The four tested treatments were: conventional flat planting (F), furrow planting between ridges (B), flat planting with wheat straw-mulching (FS), and furrow planting between ridges with wheat-straw mulch (BS). Soil water content and leaf area index (LAI) were measured throughout the growing season each year, and grain yield and precipitation-use efficiency (PUE_Y) were determined.On average, ridge tillage combined with furrow planting increased maize yield by 430 kg ha⁻¹ (7.3%) and PUE_Y by 10.7% (1.5 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹), compared with the conventional flat planting; furrow planting coupled with straw mulching increased yield by an additional 16.9% and PUE_Y by 19.4%, respectively. From jointing to maturity, LAI values of BS were significantly higher than those of F-system (55.6% vs. 26.1% in 2006 and 81.4% vs. 21.7% in 2007). Our data suggest that maize production adopted by furrow planting with straw-covered ridges performed best under seasonal average rainfall below 480 mm, which was associated with better synchronization of seasonal soil water supply and crop needs, leading to improved maize yield and PUE_Y.