芸薹属植物未成熟小孢子培养技术的研究和应用

从供体植株状态、取样、分离和培养方法、胚状体发生和小植株形成、再生植株性状表现等方面研究芸薹属植物未成熟小孢子培养技术。这一技术与诱变、基因转化、原生质体融合、性状遗传研究、育种方法结合，广泛应用于遗传和育种实践中。     

大豆抗虫基因工程研究进展

本文概述了大豆抗虫基因及其修饰、载体的构建、遗传转化的方法、转基因植株后代抗性表现等方面的研究进展。     

大豆抗虫基因工程研究进展

本文概述了大豆抗虫基因及其修饰，载体的构建，遗传转化的方法，转基因植株后代抗性表现等方面的研究进展。     

大麦小孢子培养研究进展

大麦小孢子培养技术不但可用来生产单倍体植株和加倍单倍体植株,而且可望成为转基因的理想受体系统。国际上正在朝着把转基因技术、分子杂交技术与小孢子培养系统有机结合的方向努力。从小孢子的预处理方法及机理、胚性发生诱导培养基、培养过程中小孢子内源激素变化以及培养方法等方面综述了大麦小孢子培养的研究进展。     

大麦小孢子培养研究进展

大麦小孢子培养技术不但可用来生产单倍体植株和加倍单倍体植株,而且可望成为转基因的理想受体系统。国际上正朝着把转基因技术、分子杂交技术与小孢子培养系统有机结合的方向努力。从小孢子的预处理方法及机理、胚性发生诱导培养基、培养过程中小孢子内源激素变化以及培养方法等方面综述了大麦小孢子培养的研究进展。     

棉花组织培养再生植株的表型变异

棉花组织培养再生植株的表型变异郭腾龙（山东省菏泽地区农科所荷泽２７４０００）在棉花组织培养植株再生过程中存在着广泛的变异，对这些变异加以筛选有可能供育种利用①。但是由于棉花获得再生植株较晚，故这方面的研究报道较少①。近年来我们对棉花再生植株后代进行了...     

夏芝麻促控栽培技术

1985年,分析了大面积生产调查和高产试验示范结果,发现夏芝麻单位面积经济产量同生物学产量相关程度较低。许多田块芝麻植株虽然高大,但是始蒴部位太高,植株果轴短,蒴果稀,蒴果少,经济产量低。尤其夏播芝麻,生育季节短,前中期因高温高湿,植株生长发育快,后期又易受低温阴雨影响,植株中上部蒴果质量差,产量低。因此,1985—1986年,我们从播期、密度、施肥量、施肥方法、防病保叶和植物生长调节剂等方面研究芝麻群体的调控方法和效果,形成了配套的芝麻促控栽培技术。1987—1988年在试验示范的基础上,又进行芝麻库源关系的研究,进一步明确了促控能培条件下芝麻的形态指标及生理参数。     

小麦×玉米产生单倍体及双单倍体研究进展

小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体是一种新的单倍体产生途径,近年来研究进展很快。本文就影响单倍体胚产生频率的因素、幼胚离体培养及双单倍体植株产生三个方面论述了小麦×玉米方法的最新研究进展。     

大豆再生植株抗草铵膦的筛选方法研究

为解决农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化试验中草铵膦筛选所得转基因后代假阳性高的问题,采用浸种法、根吸法、叶片涂抹法、叶片喷洒法4种筛选方法和多种筛选浓度对大豆再生植株及其后代抗性进行筛选.结果采用1∶ 200 草铵膦浓度的叶片喷洒法效果最佳.叶片喷洒法筛选6802株转化植株,获得了9株抗性植株,其后代的分子检测表明均为阳性植株.因此,采用叶片喷洒法对大豆抗草铵膦植株进行筛选的方法简便可行.     

棉花再生植株嫁接移栽技术研究

目前 ,棉花组培再生植株已经很多 ,且经组培方法转基因应用也较广。但其再生植株一般采用直接移栽到土或蛭石中 ,通过再生植株得到的棉花小植株一般根系生长不太好 ,直接移栽不易成活 ,成活率较低 ,一般仅有 2 0 %左右 ,而且再生植株在根系还未发育良好时容易由于未知的原因猝死 ,极大地影响了棉花转基因技术的利用。基于此 ,借鉴果树、花卉嫁接的方法 ,将再生小植株嫁接到较强壮的棉花实生苗上 ,效果很好。可将再生植株在三角瓶内切成段 ,快速繁殖 ,生长到 2 .5 cm以上即可 ,无需长根即可嫁接成苗 ,大大的加快了转基因棉花的育种速度。为此…     

UV-B辐射增强对3种湿地植物叶片紫外吸收物质含量的影响

以香蒲、芦苇、鸢尾3种湿地植物为材料,采用模拟人工湿地的方法,研究植物叶片紫外吸收物质含量对3个UV-B辐射强度的响应。结果表明:3种植物叶片类黄酮含量变化趋势为高辐射处理下先增加后降低,低辐射处理条件下持续增加,高辐射处理显著大于低辐射处理、低辐射处理显著大于对照,增强UV-B处理下叶片类黄酮含量平均增幅为鸢尾(21.88%)>芦苇(14.23%)>香蒲(6.16%)。增强UV-B辐射条件下,香蒲和鸢尾叶片类胡萝卜素(Car)含量显著(p<0.05)低于对照,且高辐射处理低于低辐射处理;芦苇叶片Car含量则表现为低辐射处理大于对照、对照大于高辐射处理,两个辐射剂量之间差异显著(p<0.05)。增强UV-B处理下叶片Car含量平均降幅为香蒲(51.00%)>芦苇(26.63%)>鸢尾(17.95%)。说明3种湿地植物对增强UV-B辐射的防御能力为:鸢尾>芦苇>香蒲。     

Longwave radiation environment of an irrigation reservoir surrounded by mountains

In areas where irrigation facilities are not available or in mountainous areas, reservoirs are used for paddy rice culture in Japan. Water temperature must be adequately maintained because it affects water quality and has a significant impact on the growth and yield of the rice crop. Stratification of water in a reservoir occurs due to heat storage on the water surface by solar radiation, and destratification results from vertical mixing by wind-induced flow and heat convection. This study used a simple topography model to estimate numerically the spatial distribution of longwave radiation on the water surface of an agriculture reservoir surrounded by mountains. A radiation thermometer was used to estimate global longwave radiation. The spatial and temporal variations of longwave radiation on the water surface were calculated using view factors of objects surrounding the reservoir. The simulation showed that longwave radiation absorbed by the water surface increased with distance from the center of the reservoir. The proposed procedure can be used to estimate the longwave radiation environment and heat balance on a water body such as a reservoir and a stream.     

母体效应对大麦辐射M_1代生理损伤的影响

对二套组合各16个家系的分析表明，母体效应对大麦辐射风代生理损伤有极显著的影响。在由辐射敏感性差异较大的品种组成的组合Ⅰ中，其母体加性效应和母体显性效应均表现为极显著的正向作用，F1代正交组合的辐射损伤极显著低于反交组合，在回交世代中，由F1代作母本的反交组合的辐射损伤极显著低于正交组合。在由辐射敏感性差异较小的品种组成的组合Ⅱ中，母体效应主要表现为极显著的母体显性作用。     

Night temperature and intercepted solar radiation additively contribute to oleic acid percentage in sunflower oil

Oil fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) closely depends on the environmental conditions during grain filling. Temperature and solar radiation are main environmental factors driving oil chemical composition, as revealed by experiments in which the effects of these variables were investigated separately. The present work aims at investigating whether both temperature and irradiance act independently or they interact in exerting their effects on oleic acid percentage of sunflower oil. With this purpose, minimum night temperature (MNT) and intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant were together modified during the grain filling period of the traditional sunflower hybrid ACA 885. Two experimental approaches were performed: (a) radiation was modified in three locations at different latitudes (location × radiation experiments), (b) radiation and temperature were modified in a factorial design within one location by using field shelters (in situ temperature × radiation experiments). Regardless location or year effect, oleic acid percentage increased with ISR per plant up to a maximum value, which depended on MNT. In situ temperature × radiation experiments showed that plant heating increased oleic acid percentage under any radiation condition assayed, while plant shading produced a drop in oleic acid that was independent of MNT. Statistically significant interaction between MNT and ISR per plant was not detected. A mathematical relationship that considered that MNT and ISR per plant additively contribute to oleic acid percentage was established and verified using data from location × radiation experiments. This equation predicted well independent experimental data from in situ temperature × radiation experiments.     

Analysis and Simulation of Plant Type on Canopy Structure and Radiation Transmission in Rice

Three typical hybrid rice cultivars,together with three artificially modified plant types by the application of N fertilizer during the elongation of the two uppermost leaves were used to analyze how the plant type affected the layered leaf area and radiation transmission.Plant type factors,layered leaf area and radiation distribution were measured at the full heading,10 d and 25 d after full heading stages,respectively.A model for calculating the layered leaf area from plant type factors was established and validated to determine the effects of plant type factors on the layered leaf area for the three hybrids.Furthermore,the relationship between layered leaf area and radiation transmission was established by using the radiation transmission model.The effects of the plant type factors on the radiation transmission for the three hybrids were evaluated by using this model.Finally,a method was established to describe the canopy structure,such as the layered leaf area index and the radiation distribution in the rice canopy.     

60Co-γ射线辐射对寒地粳稻种子活力的影响

为探索⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射对寒地粳稻种子活力的影响,采用3个剂量（220 Gy、250 Gy、280 Gy）对6个粳稻品种（V1~V6）进行辐射处理,分析不同品种种子活力的变化。结果表明,在0~280 Gy剂量条件下,辐射对种子发芽率、芽长和根活力指数有抑制作用;发芽势因品种不同而表现不同;供试品种间的种子活力辐射敏感性存在显著差异。种子芽长受辐射剂量主效应影响最大,V3芽长最长, V4、V2、V5的芽长受辐射抑制作用较大;其次是辐射剂量对根活力指数效应影响,V3根活力指数最大, V4、V5根活力指数受辐射抑制较大;第三是品种对发芽势效应影响,V3、V4发芽势较大,V6发芽势最小;第四是品种×剂量互作对发芽势的影响,辐射对V2、V3发芽势有显著抑制作用,对 V1、V5、V4发芽势有显著促进作用。V6的发芽率、芽长、根活力指数均最小,可能是品种本身特性和辐射抑制共同作用的结果。本研究结果可为寒地水稻辐射诱变育种研究提供技术参考。     

Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on crop structure,growth and yield components of spring wheat under field conditions

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) was grown in the field for two consecutive seasons under ambient and supplemental levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) radiation to determine the potential for alterations in community structure, developmental stages, growth and yield components. The supplemental UV-B radiation simulated depletions of 12, 20, or 25% stratospheric ozone. Spring wheat is a potentially UV-B sensitive species, showing the greatest sensitivity to UV-B radiation at 5.31 kJ m⁻². Delays in development and decrease in plant height were observed at early tillering stage under UV-B treatment, and slowly exacerbated during further development. UV-B radiation changed crop structure, by decreasing the total number of tillers produced and increasing dead shoot number, resulted in fewer head-bearing shoots at ripening stage, and decreased biomass and yield. UV-B radiation decreased the area of the last leaf and leaf area index, but increased specific leaf weight. UV-B radiation inhibited biomass accumulation and altered the patterns of biomass partitioning; these effects might be correlated with yield. Decreases in yield were the result of significant reductions in spike number, grain number per spike and thousand grain weight under UV-B. Generally, the effects of UV-B radiation on developmental stages and crop structure were the most important, they might change the other characteristics of spring wheat crop. The responses of spring wheat crop to enhanced UV-B radiation were assessed, decreases in some crop characteristics caused by a 10 or 20% global ozone depletion were predicted. Ozone depletion had the greatest decrease in yield and the least reduction in plant height.     

Impact of UV-B radiation on aspects of germination and epidemiological components of three major physiological races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Global climate change is increasingly being recognized as an uncertainty of plant diseases. In particular, the increased solar UV-B (280–315 nm) radiation reaching the earth's surface has stimulated considerable studies on plant diseases in recent decades. The effects of UV-B radiation on the urediospore germination of three physiological races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), namely, CYR31, CYR32 and CYR33, and on epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust caused by Pst were investigated in this study. In the germination experiments, seven UV-B intensity treatments including 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 μw/cm², were set. Under each UV-B intensity, Pst urediospores were irradiated for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The results showed that the germinability of Pst urediospores was reduced with an enhancement of the radiation intensity and an increase in the radiation time and that CYR31 was more sensitive to UV-B radiation than CYR32 and CYR33. To investigate the effects of UV-B on the epidemiological components of wheat stripe rust, three treatments with different UV-B radiation doses were set. The results indicated that an enhancement in UV-B radiation could reduce the infection efficiency, lesion expansion rate, sporulation quantity and AUDPC and could prolong the incubation period. The results demonstrated that CYR33 was the most stable and exhibited the strongest tolerance and that CYR31 was the most vulnerable under different UV-B radiation levels. This finding indicated that CYR33 may have more advantages to survive under enhanced UV-B radiation.     

关于高能重离子束辐射诱变北方粳稻育种方法的思考

高能重离子束(80 MeV/u)辐射作为一种新的诱变育种技术，已在小麦、甜高粱等作物育种上得到了应用，但在北方粳稻育种领域研发及应用还不多。2013年中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所利用国家大型重离子加速器装置，开展了高能重离子束(¹²C⁶⁺)辐射北方粳稻的诱变育种工作。经过10年的研发，创建了高能重离子束辐射北方粳稻“少而精”诱变育种技术体系。本文对辐射亲本选择、辐射参数确立、后代材料的种植和选择及新品种培育等方面进行了归纳总结，并对辐射亲本的敏感性、M1代材料的天然杂交、高世代材料的“疯狂分离”等方面的问题进行了探讨和思考，期望为今后水稻高能重离子束辐射诱变育种工作提供参考。     

Allocation of photoassimilates to biomass,resin and carbohydrates in Grindelia chiloensis as affected by light intensity

Grindelia chiloensis (Asteraceae) is a shrub native to Patagonia, Argentina, and can accumulate as much as 25% resin (on a dry weight basis) in leaves. The resin can be used in applications similar to those of pine resins. Reductions in available radiation are thought to decrease both the plant C:N ratio and resin production. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of light availability on the allocation of photoassimilates to biomass, resin (terpenes) and carbohydrates in G. chiloensis. To examine this, three radiation treatments were applied to field grown plants: (i) 100% radiation (full-sun), (ii) 50% radiation and (iii) 25% photon flux density radiation. Changes in available radiation resulted in significant changes in above ground biomass accumulation, carbon based secondary metabolites (resin), non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) content, and relative growth rate (RGR). At low radiation levels, above ground biomass accumulation, RGR, resin, TNC content and CO₂ assimilation rate were highly reduced (from 150 to 80 g per plant, from 16 to 7%, and from 30.2 to 8.6 g per plant, for biomass, resin content, and resin production, respectively). The responses to low radiation found in G. chiloensis would limit productivity and the distribution of this species when grown under cultivation.