不同施肥对槟榔产量效应研究

槟榔田间肥效试验表明,与常规施肥(N∶P∶K＝2∶2∶2)相比,增施氮肥(N∶P∶K＝3∶2∶2)和增施钾肥(N∶P∶K＝2∶2∶3)表现较好的增产效应,增产效应依次为钾＞氮＞磷。经济效益以增施钾肥(N∶P∶K＝2∶2∶3)效果最佳,净利润达到123 222.9元/hm2,增施氮肥(N∶P∶K＝3∶2∶2)净利润为115 349.6元/hm2,比常规施肥净利润(109 956.3元/hm2)也高。说明当前槟榔施肥可以进行更为合理的调整。     

湖北省油菜钾肥效应及推荐用量研究

通过22个田间试验研究湖北省油菜主产区钾肥效应和适宜用量。结果表明适量施用钾肥对油菜具有明显的增产增收效果,21个试验施钾比不施钾对照增收油菜籽70~1091kg/hm2,平均增产337kg/hm2,增产幅度在2.5%~68.6%之间,平均增产率为18.6%;纯利润平均为871元/hm2,产投比平均达3.91;钾肥偏生产力和农学利用率平均分别为34.8kg/kg K2O和4.2kg/kg K2O。根据肥料效应方程,在当前生产条件下,油菜生产的钾肥最佳经济用量平均为82.7kg K2O/hm2,推荐幅度为0~150.2kg K2O/hm2。土壤速效钾含量与油菜钾肥最佳推荐用量呈极显著负相关性（r﹦﹣0.7896**,n﹦20）,根据土壤速效钾含量（x,单位为mg/kg）水平,湖北省目前油菜生产适宜用钾量（y,单位为kg/hm2）可通过公式y﹦366.28﹣62.646Ln(x)求得。     

湖北省油菜钾肥效应及推荐用量研究

通过22个田间试验研究湖北省油菜主产区钾肥效应和适宜用量。结果表明,适量施用钾肥对油菜具有明显的增产增收效果,21个试验施钾比不施钾对照增收油菜籽70~1 091kg/hm2,平均增产337kg/hm2,增产幅度在2.5%~68.6%之间,平均增产率为18.6%;纯利润平均为871元/hm2,产投比平均达3.91;钾肥偏生产力和农学利用率平均分别为34.8kg/kg K2O和4.2kg/kg K2O。根据肥料效应方程,在当前生产条件下,油菜生产的钾肥最佳经济用量平均为82.7kg K2O/hm2,推荐幅度为0~150.2kg K2O/hm2。土壤速效钾含量与油菜钾肥最佳推荐用量呈极显著负相关(r(-0.789 6**,n(20),根据土壤速效钾含量(x,单位为mg/kg)水平,湖北省目前油菜生产适宜用钾量(y,单位为kg/hm2)可通过公式y(366.28-62.646Ln(x)求得。     

61472;

通过22个田间试验研究湖北省油菜主产区钾肥效应和适宜用量。结果表明适量施用钾肥对油菜具有明显的增产增收效果,21个试验施钾比不施钾对照增收油菜籽70~1091kg/hm2,平均增产337kg/hm2,增产幅度在2.5%~68.6%之间,平均增产率为18.6%;纯利润平均为871元/hm2,产投比平均达3.91;钾肥偏生产力和农学利用率平均分别为34.8kg/kg K2O和4.2kg/kg K2O。根据肥料效应方程,在当前生产条件下,油菜生产的钾肥最佳经济用量平均为82.7kg K2O/hm2,推荐幅度为0~150.2kg K2O/hm2。土壤速效钾含量与油菜钾肥最佳推荐用量呈极显著负相关性（r﹦﹣0.7896**,n﹦20）,根据土壤速效钾含量（x,单位为mg/kg）水平,湖北省目前油菜生产适宜用钾量（y,单位为kg/hm2）可通过公式y﹦366.28﹣62.646Ln(x)求得。     

如东县水稻主体品种精确施氮技术研究与推广应用

试验结果表明,如东县水稻所确定的氮肥施肥量比目前如东县生产上所需的纯氮用量每hm2偏低15~30kg,磷、钾肥用量比较合理。目标产量9 750 kg/hm2也符合目前如东县水稻生产实际。在大面积推广过程中必须增施适量的有机肥,加强田间管理,提高氮肥利用率,充分挖掘中低产田的增产潜力,才能实现水稻的高产优质高效目标。     

黑龙江省玉米施肥现状调查分析

2017年和2018年对黑龙江省大部分地区农户进行施肥现状问卷调查,结果表明,2017年和2018年黑龙江省玉米单位面积产量分别为6 415 kg/hm2和6 216 kg/hm2。两年农户平均施氮量分别为208 kg/hm2和197 kg/hm2,氮肥偏生产力分别为30.8 kg/kg和31.6 kg/kg,两年农户施氮量偏高和过高比例总和分别为57.1%和45.4%,黑龙江地区玉米施氮过量。2017年和2018年磷肥平均施用量分别为78 kg/hm2和81 kg/hm2,磷肥偏生产力分别为82.3 kg/kg和76.7 kg/kg,施磷量适宜农户比例分别为61.3%和65.8%,农户在施磷量方面表现较好。2017年和2018年钾肥平均用量为52 kg/hm2和55 kg/hm2,钾肥偏生产力分别为123.4 kg/kg和113.1 kg/kg,两年钾肥施用过低的农户比例分别为58.1%和50.7%,黑龙江对于钾肥施用量需要提高。通过优化施肥估算,黑龙江省每年可减少氮肥施用量80万～100万t,每年可减少磷肥施用量27万～40万t。     

高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响

以金山27为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,玉米植株体内的氮含量总体上随施氮水平的提高而增加,氮的累积量随施氮水平的提高先升后降。在300 kg/hm2施氮水平下,生物产量、子粒产量和子粒中氮的分配比例均最大。氮生理效率以增氮(390 kg/hm2施氮处理)最低,氮素利用效率以减氮(210 kg/hm2施氮处理)最高,氮收获指数以300 kg/hm2施氮处理最大。与300 kg/hm2施氮处理相比,390 kg/hm2施氮处理导致氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率下降;210 kg/hm2施氮处理的氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率升高。氮肥利用率以施氮300 kg/hm2处理最高,增氮(390 kg/hm2处理)和农户传统高产施氮(270 kg/hm2施氮处理)均相对较低。在研究地区,高产玉米栽培适宜的施氮量为300 kg/hm2,其种肥、拔节肥、大喇叭口肥的比例为1∶3∶6。     

安徽沿江地区机插单季稻高产高效肥料运筹研究

根据机插水稻的生育特点,在安徽沿江地区开展了机插单季稻高产高效肥料运筹试验。结果表明,控氮减磷增钾配方施肥技术适合机插水稻,其措施主要包括:氮肥基施量应控制在108 kg/hm~2以内,氮肥基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥比例为4∶4∶2;磷肥基肥、穗肥比例为8.5∶1.5;钾肥基肥、穗肥比例为7∶3或4.6∶5.4。当目标产量为9 000~9 750kg/hm~2时,机插一季稻配方施肥推荐用量为:每hm~2施N 195~210 kg、P2O572 kg、K2O 120 kg。穗肥氮、磷、钾肥分别占其总量的20%、15%、54%时,机插稻群体和产量构成较合理,有利于高产高效。机插一季稻群体生长量大、生育期较长、耗钾量多,穗期补施钾肥是一项有效的增产措施。     

高海拔地区马铃薯高产中的钾肥效应研究

在贵州高海拔地区织金县采用马铃薯高产栽培技术和平衡施肥技术 ,马铃薯产量为14 91t/hm2 ,超过当地平均产量 1 5倍 ,钾肥配施可增产马铃薯 1 0～ 2 5t/hm2 ,增幅 8 0 6 %～2 0 6 3% ,施钾产投比可达 2 0～ 3 5。施钾肥后马铃薯薯块重量增加 19 2 % ,增产以增加薯块为主 ,马铃薯品质有较大改善 ,试验认为 ,高产高效施肥的N∶K2 O比为 10 0∶95～ 14 0为宜 ,即施氮 (N)10 5kg/hm2 ,施钾 (K2 O) 10 0～ 15 0kg/hm2 为宜。施磷量应根据土壤中缺肥情况进行调整。     

海南岛芒果园施肥现状调查及土壤养分状况分析

本文主要通过了解海南岛芒果园施肥现状及对应的土壤养分状况,综合分析施肥管理现状,为芒果种植科学施肥提供理论基础。研究结果表明,海南岛芒果主产区肥料投入平均水平为 N 334.01 kg/hm2、P2O5 177.10 hm2、K2O 184.21 hm2,其中 N∶P2O5∶K2O 为 1∶0.53∶0.55,芒果化肥消耗系数为 0.059 01 kg/kg,纯氮消耗系数为 0.020 7 kg/kg,施用有机肥农户比例为 76.92%,有机肥平均施用量低于 333.33 kg/hm2。海南岛芒果主产区土壤有机质含量偏低,范围为11.16~17.22 g/kg;碱解氮含量偏高,范围为 278.86~859.10 mg/kg;速效磷含量差异较大,为21.74~81.73 mg/kg;速效钾含量在 96.56~97.19 mg/kg。综上所述,海南岛芒果园氮磷钾肥料投入比例不科学,钾肥投入量偏低,建议增施钾肥;有机肥投入严重不足,建议提高施用有机肥农户比例,增大有机肥施用量。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.