海南岛芒果园施肥现状调查及土壤养分状况分析

本文主要通过了解海南岛芒果园施肥现状及对应的土壤养分状况，综合分析施肥管理现状，为芒果种植科学施肥提供理论基础。研究结果表明，海南岛芒果主产区肥料投入平均水平为 N 334.01 kg/hm2、P2O5 177.10 hm2、K2O 184.21 hm2，其中 N∶P2O5∶K2O 为 1∶0.53∶0.55，芒果化肥消耗系数为 0.059 01 kg/kg，纯氮消耗系数为 0.020 7 kg/kg，施用有机肥农户比例为 76.92%，有机肥平均施用量低于 333.33 kg/hm2。海南岛芒果主产区土壤有机质含量偏低，范围为11.16~17.22 g/kg；碱解氮含量偏高，范围为 278.86~859.10 mg/kg；速效磷含量差异较大，为21.74~81.73 mg/kg；速效钾含量在 96.56~97.19 mg/kg。综上所述，海南岛芒果园氮磷钾肥料投入比例不科学，钾肥投入量偏低，建议增施钾肥；有机肥投入严重不足，建议提高施用有机肥农户比例，增大有机肥施用量。

Investigation of Current Situation of Fertilization and Analysis of Soil Nutrients of Mango Orchard in Hainan Island

The objective of this study is to know the current condition of fertilization and soil nutrients status, and toprovide a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in mango planting in Hainan Island. The results indicated that the average fertilizer input in the main mango areas in Hainan Island was N 334.01 kg/hm2, P2O5 177.10 kg/hm2, K2O184.21 kg/hm2, and N∶P2O5∶K2O was 1∶0.53∶0.55. Thefertilizer consumption coefficient was 0.059 01 kg/kg and pure nitrogen consumption coefficient was 0.020 7 kg/kg. The proportion of organic fertilizer was 76.92%, and the average organic fertilizer application rate was below 333.33 kg/hm2. The content of soil organic matter in the main mango areas of Hainan Island was low, ranging from 11.16 g/kg to 17.22 g/kg. The content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was high and ranged from 278.86 mg/kg to 859.10 mg/kg. The content of available phosphorus varied greatly, ranged from21.74 mg/kg to 81.73 mg/kg, and that of available potassium was between 96.56–97.19 mg/kg. The content of soil organic matter was low, and the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was high. It means the application of N, P, K fertilizer is not scientific in mango production in Hainan, and more potassium and organic fertilizers should be applied.