平衡施肥对木薯产量及品质的影响初报

采用"3414"完全随机区组设计,开展木薯平衡施肥田间试验,研究施肥对木薯产量及品质的影响.其结果表明:(1)施肥对木薯产量有极显著的增产效应,氮、磷、钾肥增产的主次顺序为K>N>P.(2)木薯最高产量的氮、礴、钾优化施肥组合为N:150.00 kg/hm2,P2O5:36.75 kg/hm2,K2O:150.00 kg/hm2,此时最高产量为36.04t/hm2,其最佳施肥配比为N:P2O5:K2O=4:1:4;木薯最佳施肥利润的氮、磷、钾优化施肥组合为N:150 kg/hm2、P2O5:29.50 kg/hm2、K2O:150 kg/hm2,其最佳施肥利润达10 780.11元/hm2,此时产量为36.00 t/hm2,其最佳施肥利润配比为N:P2O5:K20=5:1:5.(3)施肥对木薯淀粉含量有极显著的影响,氮、磷、钾肥对木薯淀粉含量影响的主次顺序为:N>K>P.     

兴凯湖农场水稻肥料效应试验研究

采用"3414"肥料试验设计田间小区试验,通过田间试验结果建立水稻的肥料效应函数,研究不同施肥量对兴凯湖农场水稻产量的影响。结果表明,氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为氮112.516 kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)59.984 kg/hm2、钾(K2O)51.72 kg/hm2,此时水稻产量最高为8 360.85 kg/hm2。     

民乐县马铃薯氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量及配比试验

试验以马铃薯品种大西洋和尿素、过磷酸钙以及硫酸钾镁肥料为供试材料,采用"3414"田间试验设计,研究氮、磷、钾肥对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明:氮、磷、钾不同施肥量对马铃薯的经济性状影响不大,对马铃薯产量影响较大,每公顷施N 300 kg、P2O5 150 kg、K2O 150 kg马铃薯的产量最高,产量为51 669 kg/hm2,并根据试验结果得出马铃薯肥料效应方程,计算出马铃薯最佳施肥量和最大施肥量。     

棉花“3414”肥料效应田间试验研究

[目的]研究安徽省地区棉花的最佳施肥量。[方法]通过"3414"回归最优设计原理设置棉花肥效试验,探索肥料效应函数方程,由此得到理论氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量。[结果]根据肥料效应函数方程,理论氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量N 264.75 kg/hm2,P2O590.45 kg/hm2,K2O359.55 kg/hm2,最佳产量4013.40 kg/hm2。综合分析不同的施肥量,当地中等肥力田氮、磷、钾推荐量分别为N 301.65 kg/hm2、P2O589.55 kg/hm2、K2O 391.65 kg/hm2。[结论]研究结果为科学指导棉花施肥提供了参考依据。     

油菜经济施肥量与施肥比例探讨

2006-2007年,在张家界市永定区溪河沿岸潴育性水稻土上开展了油菜氮、磷、钾三因素四水平的回归设计试验,以探讨不同肥料施用量与施肥比例对油菜经济性状、产量的影响,并根据目标产量确定油菜的最高产量施肥量及最佳经济施肥量。结果：油菜的最高产量施肥量为N159．15kg／hm2,P2O5 81．75kg／hm2,K2O 54．3kg／hm2,其产量为2170．5kg／hm2;油菜的最佳经济施肥量为N118．95kg／hm2,P2O5 61．5kg／hm2,K2O41．4kg／hm2,其产量为2121．15kg／hm2。     

“3414”试验对山地玉米产量影响及推荐施肥探索

应用“3414”试验对云南山地玉米进行养分试验,研究配施不同N、P、K养分对其产量的影响。结果表明：氮、磷、钾施用量对玉米产量的影响大小顺序为磷＞氮、钾,养分农学效率为K1＞K2＞P2＞P1＞ P3＞K3＞N1＞N2＞N3;试验区域玉米最优推荐施用量为N 75 kg/hm2;P2O5 150 kg/hm2;K2O 42.90 kg/hm2。     

不同施氮量对超级杂交早稻陆两优996抗瘟性和产量的影响

以超级杂交早稻陆两优996为材料,研究不同施氮量对其稻瘟病抗性和产量的影响。结果表明:随着施N量的增加,病穗率和病情指数并无明显的变化规律,但5级瘟穗率逐渐升高,当施N量过大时(270 kg/hm2)病穗率和病情指数都最高;施N量在0~180 kg/hm2范围内产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,施N量超过180 kg/hm2后产量随着施氮量的增加反而下降;综合考虑稻穗病发病情况、产量和经济效益,陆两优996以施N量90~135 kg/hm2为好。     

鄂杂棉23肥效及施肥量的研究

在江汉平原地区对抗虫杂交棉鄂杂棉23进行效应函数法配方施肥试验,结果表明:氮磷钾配合施用后有利于促进该品种的个体发育,建立良好的群体关系;氮和钾是控制该品种产量的首要因子,磷次之.在江汉平原,该品种最高产量的施肥量为氮277.6kg/hm2、磷71.7kg/hm2、钾225kg/hm2,最经济施肥量为氮208.5kg/hm2、磷66.2kg/hm2、钾152.6kg/hm2.     

玉米优化施肥参数探讨

通过玉米3414试验,建立玉米产量与氮、磷、钾肥三因子的数学统计模型;并建立氮、磷、钾单因子的施肥数学模型;对模型进行非线性求解极大值,可得到玉米产量最高的最佳施肥方案为施氮252.5 kg/hm2、磷132.2 kg/hm2、钾40.3kg/hm2,此时产量为17 800.9 kg/hm2。     

杂交中稻广两优香5的营养特性与施肥效应研究

采用田间试验的方法,研究了杂交中稻广两优香5的营养特性与施肥效应。结果表明,在生育前期广两优香5对氮、磷需求量大,中后期钾素吸收增加;养分对其产量构成因子的影响上表现为氮钾磷;结合模拟的最佳施肥量和经济施肥量,推荐了江汉平原地区中等肥力条件下的施肥量为氮170~200 kg/hm2、磷70~100 kg/hm2、钾105~135 kg/hm2。     

Nitrogen fertilization value of compost and dried dung in soils with contrasting synthetic nitrogen fertilization histories

If the production of forage for dairy cattle is to become less reliant on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers, there is need to better understand and account for the N contributed by on-farm and imported organic amendments. A 254-day aerobic soil incubation study (typical length of a growing season in many temperate dairying regions) quantified the inorganic (mineral) N supply from a commercial compost and dried bovine dung (i.e., on-farm effluent solids). Amendments were incubated in soils with contrasting synthetic N fertilization histories (i.e., 70–100 vs. 350–400 kg N/ha per year) to evaluate if higher synthetic N fertilization histories would reduce the lag time that often exists between organic amendment application and significant release of inorganic N for plant uptake. This proposition was based on previous research, which showed greater soil inorganic N availability accelerating organic amendment decomposition. Our experiment did find that the release of inorganic N from evaluated organic amendments was greater in soils with higher synthetic N fertilization histories, but that this effect was not apparent until after the first 6-months of this 9-month experiment. Despite this finding, soils with contrasting synthetic N fertilization histories were not found to differ in their initial inorganic N content, nor microbial activity or other physiochemical properties known to affect N mineralization. Our study highlighted the long-term vision needed when transitioning from synthetic N fertilizers to organic amendments, with most of the N present in the compost and dried dung remaining unavailable for forage production (i.e., remained bound in organic carbon-based molecules).     

Nitrogen fertilization effects on lesquerella production

Progress has been made towards the commercialization of Lesquerella fendleri (Gray) Wats. as a fall-planted oilseed crop for the southwestern United States. Research to develop suitable cultural practices for commercial production of lesquerella has been underway since the late 1980s; however, information is limited on the plant’s nitrogen (N) requirement. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons to determine the optimum amount and timing of N applications for lesquerella production. Yield results indicate that lesquerella grown on desert soils is strongly influenced by N fertilization. Nitrogen rates as high as 180 kg N ha⁻¹ increased seed yield. Seed oil content decreased as the N rate was increased. The increase in seed yield at the higher N rates generally offsets the decrease in oil content, but oil yields appeared to be near maximum at 180 kg N ha⁻¹. Split-applications of N in the Spring increased seed and oil yields in one of two seasons. Nitrogen had no influence on 1000-seed weight or lesquerolic acid content of the oil. No Spring leaf blade total N level was identified as being related to maximum seed yield. A suggested N management program for lesquerella production is to apply a small portion of N at planting time and the major portion of N in several applications during the period from onset of bloom through full bloom (February–April).     

甘蔗冲施肥肥效初报

介绍了用甘蔗冲施肥3kg/667m2,在甘蔗分蘖前的苗期和拔节期施用,经南宁九曲弯农场和四塘里罗煤矿两块蔗地的使用,两块地施用后分别进行两次对甘蔗的株高、直径、叶长、叶宽的测量,结果株高增长10～30cm、叶片增长3～7cm、增宽0.2～0.6cm、直径增粗0.2cm,有较好的农艺性状.     

克山县大豆施肥技术研究

本试验针对克山县大豆盲目施肥严重的现象,研究不同施肥量配比对大豆产量和效益的影响。结果表明：配方施肥对克山县黑土大豆生长发育和产量有明显的促进作用,与习惯施肥相比较,配方施肥（OPT）增产14．1％;不施氮肥减产14．2％;不施磷肥减产8．8％;不施肥（CK0）减产11．8％。     

超级稻协优9308营养特性与施肥技术

与普通水稻不同 ,超级稻协优９３０８生长量大 ,对氮、磷、钾的吸收量大 ,且穗大粒多 ,花后物质生长量大 ,要求叶片有较好的光合作用功能。这对超级稻高产提出了新的施肥要求。施肥是水稻生长和产量形成的重要调控手段之一。施肥不足往往造成水稻生长量小、穗型小、产量不高。而施肥过量和不当也造成群体过大 ,植株上部叶片过大、过长 ,引起倒伏 ,导致减产。同样施肥过量也会造成肥料流失 ,导致肥料利用率低 ,引起环境污染。合理施肥是高产高效的重要措施 ,也是农业可持续生产的重要手段。为此 ,我们对超级稻协优９３０８进行了施肥试验。一…     

茶园施肥现状与无公害茶园高效施肥技术

施肥在茶叶生产中具有十分重要的作用。据联合国粮农组织对世界主要产茶国中国、印度、斯里兰卡和肯尼亚四国的调查表明，在1970-1992年间，肥料投入对茶叶增产的贡献率高达41％，超过土地(25％)和劳动力(8％)的贡献率。由于肥料在提高茶叶产量和品质中的特殊地位，施肥已成为茶园管理最重要的常规技术之一。为此，调查我国茶园施肥现状及存在问题，根据我国茶叶生产的发展方向，提出无公害茶园高效施肥技术，对于提高茶园施肥技术水平，促进我国茶叶生产的发展具有一定的意义。……