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微波辐射凝固天然橡胶的工艺与性能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用透射电镜(TEM)对微波辐射凝固天然橡胶的凝固过程进行观察,并对微波凝固天然橡胶的凝固条件进行研究。将微波凝固天然橡胶(m-NR)与酸凝固天然橡胶(a-NR)和热凝固天然橡胶(t-NR)的理化性能、机械性能、动态力学性能进行对比研究。结果表明,氨含量对m-NR的凝固效果有很大影响;与a-NR和t-NR相比,m-NR的机械性能较好;理化性能中,m-NR各项指标都能达到5#NR的标准;通过橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)温度扫描NR的混炼胶表明,m-NR的弹性模量(G′)最大,损耗因子(tanδ)最小。 相似文献
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采用MgCl2与胶清中的氨原位生成Mg(OH)2辅以微波辐射凝固胶清橡胶,通过扫描电镜观察Mg(OH)2在橡胶中的分布情况并研究不同Mg(OH)2含量对胶清橡胶硫化性能、物理机械性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明:原位生成Mg(OH)2的同时能较好地凝固胶清橡胶,Mg(OH)2对橡胶的硫化有较明显的影响,随Mg(OH)2含量增大,胶清橡胶的力学性能呈下降趋势,但热稳定性略有增加。当Mg(OH)2含量不高于5%时,Mg(OH)2的粒径在20 nm左右,在橡胶基体中分散比较均匀;当Mg(OH)2含量大于10%时,Mg(OH)2粒径变大,团聚情况变严重,在橡胶中的分散不均匀。 相似文献
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采用化学浸泡的方法,研究草酸及其不同用量对胶清橡胶6项指标、颜色、分子量及力学性能的影响。结果表明,与对照样相比,经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶,随着草酸用量的增加,其杂质含量变化不大,挥发物逐渐减小,灰分含量增大,塑性初值(P_0)及塑性保持率(PRI)提高;经过草酸处理后的胶清橡胶的颜色得到了明显改善;胶清橡胶的数均分子量(M_n)与重均分子量(M_w)逐渐减小,多分散系数(M_w/M_n)值增大;经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶的力学性能都有所提高,当草酸用量为2%时,其拉伸强度达到最高值27.08 MPa,且经过草酸处理的胶清橡胶耐老化性能均得到提高。 相似文献
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胶乳的凝固和干燥是天然生胶生产的重要环节。在不同凝固方式(酸凝固、微波凝固、自然凝固、微生物凝固)、不同干燥方式(自然风干、热风干燥)等不同工艺下研究了天然橡胶(NR)的理化性能及其臭氧老化前后物理机械性能,发现微生物凝固胶在相同臭氧老化条件下其拉伸强度最高,且变化率最低。采用臭氧老化研究的结果表明:微生物凝固胶(m-NR)硫化胶在静态拉伸状态下臭氧龟裂达到16 h。热重分析探讨了不同工艺NR硫化胶热老化过程,并采用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)技术初步探讨了臭氧对微生物凝固胶的老化作用。 相似文献
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天然橡胶(NR)的性能与制胶工艺密切相关,其中凝固是制胶工艺的重要环节。本文采用真空辅助酸凝固天然橡胶,对比自然凝固天然橡胶和酸凝固天然橡胶,探讨了真空辅助酸凝固对天然橡胶门尼粘度、理化性能、物理机械性能以及加工性能的影响。研究表明,不同凝固方法得到的NR理化性能有一定的差异,自然凝固NR的氮含量>真空辅助酸凝固NR的氮含量>酸凝固NR的氮含量,真空辅助酸凝固NR的塑性初值(P0)和塑性保持率(PRI)比自然凝固和酸凝固NR的P0和PRI都高,其中真空辅助酸凝固NR的PRI为85%,而酸凝固NR的PRI为75.7%。真空辅助酸凝固NR的交联密度高于自然凝固NR和酸凝固NR。真空辅助酸凝固NR的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率均高于自然凝固NR和酸凝固NR的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率,3种NR的拉伸强度分别为21.06、19.35、17.60 MPa。RPA测试表明,真空辅助酸凝固NR的弹性模量(G')<自然凝固NR的G'<酸凝固NR的G',损耗因子(tanδ)变化趋势恰好相反,即真空辅助酸凝固得到的胶样的加工性能最好,自然凝固胶样次之,酸凝固胶样最差。 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Aimee J. Guerrero Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Fumiaki Nakamura Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
The review of the 2016–2017 marine pharmacology literature was prepared in a manner similar as the 10 prior reviews of this series. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2016–2017 assessed 313 marine compounds with novel pharmacology reported by a growing number of investigators from 54 countries. The peer-reviewed literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities for 123 marine natural products, 111 marine compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as affecting the immune and nervous system, while in contrast 79 marine compounds displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action which upon further investigation may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Therefore, in 2016–2017, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline generated both novel pharmacology as well as potentially new lead compounds for the growing clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus sustained with its contributions the global research for novel and effective therapeutic strategies for multiple disease categories. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):55-98
SUMMARY Vitamin A, iodine, and iron deficiencies affect large numbers of people worldwide. A deficiency of one or more of these micronutrients adversely affects the physical and mental abilities of humans. South Asia contains a high percentage of these individuals, not just because of its large population, but also the prevalence of deficiency is higher there than in many other parts of the world. The reasons for the high rates of deficiency in South Asia are many, but they include inadequate availability of micronutrient-rich foods, sub-optimal dietary habits, and high rates of infection. Across the region, national plans vary from (a) increasing availability of appropriate foods, (b) introducing new dietary behaviors, (c) improving health status, and (d) directly addressing deficiency through intervention programs. The extent to which each of the countries is making progress toward the goals of these plans can help in understanding the priorities for future efforts to address micronutrient malnutrition. This article discusses the adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies in humans with special reference to South Asia. 相似文献
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Plains rough fescue ( F estuca hallii) is an important forage grass species in western Canada. Seed for use in pastures and ecological restoration is in high demand but supply is limited because F. hallii is an erratic seed producer. Seed producers require an understanding of the factors that influence flowering and seed set in this species. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the flowering and growth of F. hallii in a native rough fescue prairie in Alberta, Canada. Irrigation had a strong positive effect on seedhead density, whereas fertilization had limited effects on growth and reproduction of F. hallii. These results demonstrate that under field conditions, available moisture is likely to be a key factor driving flowering and seed production in F. hallii. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):87-131
Summary Within the last three decades, the rice-wheat cropping system has triggered, and with time, aggravated soil micronutrient deficiencies in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). This has largely been due to the shift from an earlier rice and wheat monoculture with low yielding, long duration indigenous varieties, to an intensive rice-wheat rotation cropping system with short duration modern high yielding varieties on the same piece of land. The problems related to micronutrient deficiency in the IGP are more due to the size of its available pools in the soil rather than its total contents and are greatly influenced by crop management, or rather its mismanagement. Deficiency of zinc is widespread in the IGP, but with the extensive use of zinc sulfate, zinc deficiency has reduced in some areas of the region. Meanwhile, the deficiency of Fe, Mn and B has increased in the IGP. Deficiency of Cu and Mo is location specific and can limit rice and wheat yields. The adoption and spread of the rice-wheat system in permeable coarse textured soils, particularly in the western IGP, not only caused iron deficiency in rice but also resulted in the emergence of manganese deficiency in wheat. In highly calcareous and acidic soils, boron is the next limiting micronutrient in crop production after zinc. Bumper rice and wheat harvests in the past decade, the declining use of organic manures in the region and except for the widespread use of zinc sulfate, a general lack of awareness amongst farmers on micronutrient deficiency problems has contributed to micronutrients limiting rice and wheat yields in the IGP. Approaches to alleviating micronutrient deficiencies include matching the crop removals of the micronutrients with its replenishments through their respective external carriers, supplementation through organic sources and mobilization/utilization through cultivation of micronutrient efficient crop cultivars. Identification of efficient micronutrient carriers and finding the optimum rate, mode and time of its application is important in ameliorating the micronutrient deficiencies. This article reviews the extent of micronutrient deficiency and discusses various management options available to reduce micronutrient deficiency induced crop yield reduction for rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. 相似文献
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Marine biomass diversity is a tremendous source of potential anticancer compounds. Several natural marine products have been described to restore tumor cell sensitivity to TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. TRAIL is involved during tumor immune surveillance. Its selectivity for cancer cells has attracted much attention in oncology. This review aims at discussing the main mechanisms by which TRAIL signaling is regulated and presenting how marine bioactive compounds have been found, so far, to overcome TRAIL resistance in tumor cells. 相似文献
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Summary Morphological and biochemical parameters that could be involved in resistance to late blight were studied in non-infected
and in infected potato hybrids resulting from a cross betweenSolanum phureja, resistant toPhytophthora infestans, and a susceptibleSolanum tuberosum.
Some morphological differences between resistant and susceptible hybrids, indicating a positive correlation between stem diameter
and phloem thickness in the stem and resistance toP. infestans, were observed. The lignin content in the leaves of the resistant hybrid rose upon infection byP. infestans. In the leaves of the susceptible hybrid, a diminution of the lignin content could be observed upon infection byP. infestans. In the same context, peroxidasic activity raised upon infection byP. infestans in both resistant and susceptible hybrids. Further characterization of the hybrid clones based on the polymorphism of peroxidases
was attempted using isoelectric focusing. 相似文献
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Applied Biotechnology to Combat Late Blight in Potato Caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora Infestans</Emphasis> 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Potato is an important crop, grown worldwide. It suffers from many pests and diseases among which late blight, caused by the
oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the worst. The disease is still causing major damage in many potato production areas and control is only possible by
applying fungicides frequently. The knowledge on the molecular biology and genetics of the interaction between the plant and
the oomycete is developing rapidly. These are relevant fields of study, currently dominated by the discovery of many resistance
genes and numerous effector proteins and the analysis of their specific mode of action. These studies may yield essential
information needed for the development of durable resistance. The long-term and worldwide effort to breed for resistance so
far has had little effect. A novel breeding approach may change this. It is based on cisgenic modification (CM) consisting
of marker-free pyramiding of several resistance genes and their spatial and temporal deployment yielding dynamic varieties
that contain potato genes only. It is envisioned that this CM approach with potato’s own genes will not only prove societally
acceptable but may also result in simplifications in the legislation on use of the CM approach. Various parties in the potato
research arena intend to cooperate in this novel approach in a number of developing countries where potato substantially contributes
to food security. The use of resources such as land, water and energy improves when the effect of late blight is markedly
reduced. 相似文献
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In an experimental breeding scheme to improve late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and white potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida) resistance of tetraploid potato over three generations of crossing and selection, 15 clones survived the final selection,
and these were derived from 15 great-grandparents. There was no direct selection for resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY), but 14 out of the 15 great-grandparents were resistant to PVY and three had extreme resistance. Thirteen of the 15
descendants had PVY resistance and one extreme resistance. This was within the range expected for a random (unselected) sample
from the genotypes of the great-grandparents. Hence, we found no evidence for any positive or negative association between
PVY resistance and the attributes selected. The conclusion is that laborious selection is not required in every generation
when many parents have PVY resistance, including some with more than one copy of a PVY resistance gene or resistance at more
than one locus. However, in the future, determining the major virus resistance genes present in potential parents in each
generation using diagnostic molecular markers would prevent susceptible × susceptible crosses being made and maximise the
number of resistant × resistant ones. 相似文献