二倍体马铃薯群体青枯病抗性鉴定及遗传分析

将含有青枯病抗性基因的马铃薯二倍体ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｐｈｕｒｅｊａ和ｓ．ｖｅｒｎｅｉ的原始材料Ｅ与另外两种材料Ｃ、Ｄ杂交获得Ｆ１和ＢＣ１两个群体。对其中１４０个基因型做温室苗期人工接种鉴定，结果表明，马铃薯青枯病的群体抗性分离变异范围较大，抗病性表现复杂，主要表现为阻止病苗入侵，推迟始发病时间，延长潜伏期，减缓发病速度和降低死亡率等５个方面。对抗病性相关参数分析表明，马铃薯青枯病抗性是受隐性多基因控     

一个与马铃薯青枯病抗性连锁的SRAP标记筛选

以两个马铃薯二倍体分离群体ED和CE共105个基因型为材料,利用群分法(BulkedSegregantAnalysis,BSA)筛选与马铃薯青枯病抗性基因连锁的分子标记。在8个正向引物和11个反向引物组成的88对SRAP引物组合中,筛选获得了一个与马铃薯青枯病抗性紧密连锁的SRAP标记M32,遗传连锁分析表明,该标记在ED群体和CE群体中与抗性位点之间的遗传距离分别为10.2cM和17.3cM。     

马铃薯体细胞杂种后代青枯病抗性鉴定及分子标记检测

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)青枯病是由茄科雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)引起的一种毁灭性的细菌性土传病害。马铃薯青枯病抗性资源主要存在于一些野生种中,体细胞杂交是创制马铃薯青枯病抗性资源的一种有效途径。本研究以具有对青枯病抗性的体细胞杂种与栽培种杂交产生的100个后代为材料,对其进行青枯病抗性评价,旨在筛选可供育种利用的青枯病抗性资源。青枯病抗性鉴定结果表明,在试管苗组培鉴定中100个杂交后代共有6个基因型表型抗青枯病,温室钵栽接种鉴定有8个基因型表现为抗病,在两种接种鉴定中均表现为抗病的有3个基因型(07SF.3-79、07SF.6-8和07SF.6-5)。选用本实验室前期筛选的与青枯病抗性相关的4对SSR标记引物(STI0051、STI0054、STI0056、STI0057),对100个基因型进行分子标记检测,结果显示,有3个标记(STI0051.180、STI0054.180、STI0056.205)可以明确鉴定抗感基因型,它们表现为抗病稳定的3个基因型的标记位点与抗病对照的带型一致,而在感病对照中缺失,与表型鉴定结果吻合,表明筛选的SSR标记可以用于具有S.chacoense遗传背景材料的青枯病抗性辅助选择。     

墨西哥野生马铃薯Solanum pinnatisectum抗晚疫病及抗马铃薯甲虫新基因的遗传分析与分子标记(英文)

马铃薯晚疫病(Phytophthora infestans)和科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫(CPB)是马铃薯生产中最为严重的病虫害。培育高抗晚疫病和甲虫的马铃薯品种是加拿大马铃薯育种工作的重要组成部分。目前,我们实验室在二倍体1EBN墨西哥野生种中已鉴定出抗马铃薯晚疫病和甲虫的新基因,并利用原生质体融合技术成功的将其转移到栽培品种中。但是,培育出抗晚疫病和抗甲虫的马铃薯新品种仍然是一项艰难而繁杂的工作。为了加快分离抗性基因,建立与抗性基因紧密关联的DNA分子标记至关重要。本研究以感病的二倍体马铃薯品种S.cardiophyllum作为父本,与带有抗性基因的墨西哥野生种S.pinnatisectum杂交。用叶片离体鉴定的方法测试F1和BC1代群体的抗病性,从而筛选抗晚疫病和抗甲虫的植株。US-8/A2交配型病菌测试显示所有的F1代植株都表现出抗晚疫病,而在BC1群体中抗病与感病植株的比例为1:1。这个结果证明,在墨西哥野生种S.pinnatisectum中存在一个抗晚疫病的单显性基因Rpi1。马铃薯甲虫抗性检测中,BC1群体的抗虫性分离比例为1:3.这表明其对甲虫的抗性是由多基因遗传控制的。在F1和BC1群体中利用分子标记结合集团分离分析法(BSA)对S.pinnatisectum中的晚疫病抗性基因Rpi1进行精细作图。根据马铃薯第7条染色体上RFLP标记TG20A和CP56之间的EST和STS标记的序列信息,合成了27对特异性PCR引物。获得一些与抗晚疫病基因Rpi1相关联的新的DNA标记。对BC1群体中大量的个体植株进行的分析表明,在马铃薯第7条染色体上位于抗晚疫病基因Rpi1两侧的两个标记S1c9和GP127-300,它们与Rpi1基因的遗传距离分别为1.17cM和3.89cM。这些标记被用来筛选两个细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库,并分离出与晚疫病抗性相关的90-125kb的BAC克隆,这些克隆将在后续的工作中通过图位克隆的方法而用于分离晚疫病抗性基因。同时分离与甲虫抗性紧密相关的分子标记的工作正在进行中。     

普通小麦和华山新麦草衍生系H9021对全蚀病抗性的遗传分析

为了解普通小麦和华山新麦草(Psathyrostachys huashanica,2n=14,NN)衍生系H9021对全蚀病抗性的遗传特点,利用IECM算法对H9021×96(15) F2分离群体的抗病性进行了估算[96(15)为感病材料].结果表明,H9021对全蚀病抗性的遗传模型为B-1,即抗性由两对主基因+多基因控制,主基因表现为加性-显性-上位性模型,两个重复中F2群体控制抗性的主基因遗传率分别为96.7%和94.6%.     

利用重组近交系群体检测花生青枯病抗性SSR标记

用抗青枯病花生品种远杂9102与感病品种Chico杂交，从F2起用单粒传法构建了花生重组近交系群体（RIL）F6和F7。采用354对SSR引物对重组近交系F6群体的基因组DNA鉴定，获得多态性标记45个。结合重组近交系群体F6和F7青枯病抗性鉴定结果，应用相关软件统计分析，构建了栽培种花生部分遗传连锁图。图谱总长度为603.9cM，含29个标记（28个SSR标记和1个表型标记）的8个连锁群，还有17个独立的SSR标记；获得了与青枯病抗性相关的SSR标记2个（7G02和PM137），位于该图谱的第1连锁群上，与青枯病抗性基因间的遗传距离为10.9cM和13.8cM，并且位于抗性基因的两侧，两标记间的距离为23.7cM。     

花生抗青枯病抗性遗传的初步研究

近几年来,随着抗病育种的大力开展,对病害抗性的遗传研究也愈来愈被人们所重视。人们在抗性遗传研究中应用了水平抗性和垂直抗性,并认为水平抗性的遗传一般是多基因控制的。有人还认为,水平抗性在多数情况下是由几个基因控制的。强度通常是数量特征。Smith等曾推断美国烟草品种青枯病抗性遗传由多个隐性基因控制;Segneira等曾证明马铃薯青枯病抗性遗传有十个主基因之多。花生青枯病为腐生性较强的细菌性病害,寄     

马铃薯病毒外壳蛋白融合基因转化马铃薯及其抗病性分析

将多种病毒的有效核酸片断拼接成融合基因转入马铃薯可获得多抗马铃薯材料。针对马铃薯生产中分布广泛、危害严重并经常混合感染的马铃薯X病毒(PVX)、马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)和马铃薯S病毒(PVS),开展了利用基因工程方法获得兼抗4种马铃薯病毒转基因马铃薯材料的研究。试验在前期获得含4种马铃薯病毒外壳蛋白基因片段的质粒pART27-XSYV-rh的基础上,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导转化马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种‘陇薯3号’,PCR扩增和PCR-Southern杂交证明,4价融合基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中。qRT-PCR分析表明,该融合基因在转基因植株中能正常表达。3株转基因植株的抗病性鉴定结果表明,2株对4种病毒同时具有抗性;1株对PLRV侵染表现阳性,对另外3种病毒同时具有抗性。     

马铃薯抗晚疫病和病毒病转基因研究现状与展望

从Harpin蛋白基因表达诱导抗性、Osmotin蛋白诱导抗性、病原诱导葡萄糖氧化酶(GO)基因表达生成H2O2获得抗性途径对抗马铃薯晚疫病抗性转基因研究现状进行了综述;从病毒外壳蛋白(CP)基因介导抗病性、复制酶基因介导抗病性、用核酶切割介导抗病性、病毒基因调控序列介导抗性途径对马铃薯病毒病抗性转基因研究现状进行了综述。     

花生抗青枯病种质对黄曲霉菌产毒的抗性反应

通过人工接种和毒素测定,对抗、感青枯病的花生种质进行了黄曲霉菌产毒抗性评价.结果表明:1)抗青枯病花生种质之间存在着黄曲霉产毒抗性的显著差异,品种间毒素含量高低相差近10倍,鉴定出抗黄曲霉产毒种质6个;2)2种抗病性无相关性;3)获得具有直接生产利用价值的兼抗青枯病和抗黄曲霉产毒的花生材料1个.     

Assessment of latent infection frequency in progeny tubers of advanced potatoclones resistant to bacterial wilt: A new selection criterion

Summary This paper reports results of a 3-year evaluation of CIP advanced potato clones in a bacterial wilt-infested field (race 3) in Peru. Clones resistant or moderately resistant to wilt were selected and all tubers harvested from each clone were tested for latent infection byRalstonia solanacearum using a sensitive serological technique developed at CIP. A sampling strategy to estimate accurately the frequency of infected tubers in the clones has been evaluated. This method will allow consideration of tuber latent infection as a new selection criterion in breeding for resistance to bacterial wilt. Thirteen clones were found resistant to wilt in all three evaluations (i.e.≤6% wilt), from which five had no wilt in all trials. However, all clones harboured latent infection in tubers averaging 30%. Analysing 30 tubers/clone provides an accurate estimation of the proportion of infected tubers with a high precision level.     

Bacterial wilt resistance in the progenies of the fusion hybrids between haploid of potato andSolanum commersonii

Bacterial wilt of potatoes, which used to be a widespread disease in tropics and subtropics, has become a threat to potato production in temperate region. The diploid species Solanum commersonii has several desirable characteristics including cold tolerance and resistance to several diseases. Selected somatic hybrids between S. tuberosum dihaploid and bacterial-wilt-resistant S. commersonii clones were cross pollinated with S. tuberosum cultivars for further selection of bacterial wilt resistance. The chromosome numbers of the fusion parents were confirmed as 24, and the three fusion hybrids crossed were all tetraploids. The chromosome number of 11 backcross 1 progenies (BC1) was 48 and that of the other six was close to the tetraploid number. Backcross 2 progenies (BC2) were obtained from only three of the 44 BC1 clones crossed. The S. commersonii parent clone, LZ3.2, was the most resistant to bacterial wilt among wild species clones tested. The first sexual progenies segregated for resistance, with one clone highly susceptible and four clones highly resistant. Three highly resistant BC1 clones, CT02-4, CT08-4, and CT10b-4, were backcrossed to cultivars. Two cross combinations produced mostly susceptible BC2 progenies; however seven clones were resistant or highly resistant for both race 1 and race 3. The highly resistant three clones, CT204-3, CT206-9 and CT206-10, were selected for the further testing as cultivars or breeding materials.     

EDS1正调控茄子抗青枯病反应

EDS1(Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1)在植物抗病过程中起着关键的作用。为进一步研究其在调控茄子抗青枯病中的作用,根据茄子基因组序列设计引物克隆了EDS1,将其命名为SmEDS1。生物信息学分析表明SmEDS1最大开放阅读框包含1 809 bp,编码602个氨基酸残基。其包含该基因家族典型的LP结构域和EP结构域。为了进一步验证其功能,通过VIGS技术沉默茄子抗青枯病材料SmEDS1后接种青枯病病原菌,7 d后植株枯萎,结果表明EDS1正调控茄子抗青枯病。半定量结果表明,SmEDS1沉默后对其他信号基因的表达量有着显著影响,其中MAPK6、RAR1的表达量上调,而MAPK3、SIPK、PAD4、SGT1、TGA、EDR1、NPR1、ICS1、GLUA、EIL1和HSP90等基因的表达量下调,EBF2和ACO5的表达量不受SmEDS1的调控。此结果表明EDS1在调控茄子抗青枯病中起着重要的作用。     

茄子抗青枯病研究现状与展望

茄子青枯病是茄子的主要病害,对茄子的质量和产量造成严重影响。国内外学者已从多个方面对茄子青枯病进行研究,并取得一定的进展。本文对其研究进展进行综述,包括茄子青枯病抗性的遗传规律、抗性品种的筛选和选育、茄子青枯病的综合防治,同时对茄子抗青枯病研究中存在的问题进行了归纳与讨论,并提出一些可行性建议,为以后的研究提供参考。     

广东花生抗青枯病育种研究进展

广东70％～80％的花生种植在轮作周期较短的瘦瘠旱坡地上,青枯病危害较重,严重威胁花生生产。在调查品种与发病关系中,发现花生抗青枯病力在类型间和品种间有明显差异,因此,应以品种抗病性鉴定和选育作为研究的主攻方向。利用国内外花生品种资源鉴定筛选出抗原材料并通过各种育种途径,选育出高产抗青枯病的花生品种投入生产,减轻青枯病危害,提高花生单产和总产。     

我国花生青枯病研究进展

花生青枯病是一种世界性病害,在全球20多个国家均有发生,严重影响花生产量及品质。本文查阅相关文献,对我国有关花生青枯病的研究报道进行总结,描述了花生青枯病的发生与分布、病原菌种及其危害症状以及传播流行规律等,对花生青枯病的防治方法及抗性育种研究进展进行综述,并对花生青枯病的研究方向进行展望,以期为我国花生青枯病的综合防治提供参考。     

花生种质资源的综合评价

对５７００份花生种质资源的植物学性状和经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状进行了鉴定评价,筛选出高抗锈病种质９２份,高抗早斑病种质７７份,高抗晚斑病种质５３份,高抗根结线虫资源３份,高抗青枯病资源１０２份,抗锈病兼抗早斑病资源５８份,抗锈病兼抗晚斑病资源４９份,抗锈病兼抗早、晚斑病资源４５份,抗青枯病兼抗根结线虫资源２份,抗青枯病兼抗锈病资源１份。蛋白质含量达３４％以上的３３份,含油量达５８％以上的２４份,油酸含量达６７％以上的１８份,亚油酸含量达４７％以上的１５份。不同类型不同来源的花生品种的植物学性状、经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状均有显著差异。     

An <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro</Emphasis> Assay Method for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia solanacearum</Emphasis>) in Potato

To develop an in vitro assay method for bacterial wilt resistance in potato, resistant and susceptible standard genotypes were grown in vitro, and different conditions of inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum phylotype I/biovar 4 were examined. The optimal condition was the inoculation of 6–8 leaf stage plants with a bacterial concentration of 10² CFU ml^?1 and an incubation temperature of 28 °C. Evaluation of stem wilting was more reliable than that of leaf wilting. Using this method, nine genotypes with different resistance levels in the field were evaluated. Lower disease indices were obtained for genotypes with high resistance levels in the field, suggesting that this assay is useful for evaluating bacterial wilt resistance in a controlled environment.     

Suppression of spinach wilt disease by biological soil disinfestation incorporated with Brassica juncea plants in association with changes in soil bacterial communities

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) is a method of controlling soil-borne pests and diseases through anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass incorporated in field soil with temporary irrigation and covering with sheets. In this study, effects of BSD on suppression of spinach wilt disease were investigated in two different field experiments using mainly Brassica juncea plants as plant biomass. Soil bacterial community compositions were analyzed with clone library analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences to determine the relationship between the bacterial composition in the treated soil and suppression of the disease. For the BSD-treated soils, oxidation–reduction potential dropped, and acetate was usually detected at high concentrations. Although the control treatment (irrigation and polythene covering without biomass) decreased the wilt disease incidence in spinach plants cultivated in the treated plot as compared with those for the non-treated plot, BSD-treatments suppressed the disease more effectively. The clone library results showed that both non-treated and control soils contained diversified bacterial communities of various phylogenetic groups, while members of the Firmicutes mainly from the class Clostridia dominated in the BSD-treated soils. The clostridial groups detected were diverse and the major clone groups were closely related to strictly anaerobic fermentative bacteria such as Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium cylindrosporum, Clostridium sufflavum, and Clostridium xylanovorans. These clostridial groups were almost eliminated from the soil bacterial community when the BSD-treated soil was treated again with irrigation and covering without biomass before the next cropping, in which the wilt disease was hardly suppressed.     

花生属栽野杂种后代抗青枯病研究

用强致病力青枯病病原菌接种花生栽野杂种后代种子 ,通过测定萎蔫指数和抗病率鉴定青枯病抗性。结果表明 ,花生栽野杂种后代存在抗青枯病新品系 ,2 7个品系的抗病率高于抗病对照协抗青 ,其中 7个高抗品系与抗病对照差异达显著或极显著水平。大部分抗病品系兼抗黑斑病和锈病