功能对等视角下六堡茶外宣资料的翻译

"一带一路"倡议为梧州六堡茶发展创造了机遇,让六堡茶通过"茶船古道"再次远销海外。然而,由于六堡茶对外宣传资料较少,制约着六堡茶的对外贸易。笔者通过分析六堡茶外宣资料翻译中的问题及其成因,并从功能对等理论视角尝试性地提出翻译策略,提高六堡茶外宣资料翻译质量,从而推动六堡茶出口贸易长远发展,促进我国茶文化"走出去"。     

《六堡茶质量技术要求》析疑

通过介绍质检部门开展地理标志产品保护的法规依据和程序,叙述“六堡茶”地理标志产品保护专家审查会上的质询、答辩及会议纪要,以及草拟《六堡茶质量技术要求》的理由、内部讨论、上报初稿、专家审查反馈意见、沟通、协调等实况.《六堡茶质量技术要求》内容是申报、审查专家、执法部门等多方诉求而达成的一个平衡点,符合法规要求和国际惯例.一个内容符合国际惯例的《六堡茶质量技术要求》有助于六堡茶地理标志保护产品获得国际认可,从而促进走出去战略的实施.     

六堡茶工厂化生产的起源及其演变

六堡茶系广西历史名茶,但由于消费者对六堡茶的历史及品质缺乏了解而造成目前市场混乱。本文概述了现代六堡茶产制的历史,并从制作工艺、编号、设备及技术等方面厘清六堡茶工厂化生产的起源及演变,阐述其在传统工艺与改制工艺上制作过程与品质的差异,肯定了三鹤牌六堡茶的悠久历史与优良品质。     

享受陈年六堡茶

从年轻时学茶叶专业知识到现今,认识六堡茶已有50多年了,在这漫长的岁月中,我已深深地爱上了六堡茶,特别是陈年六堡茶。我无论走到那里,都会向别人说起六堡茶,六堡茶已成了我生活中的一部份;我无论是在制六堡茶,还是品六堡茶,藏六堡茶都觉得是一种美好的享受。     

六堡茶感官质量缺陷及其成因分析

分析六堡茶的感官质量缺陷和原因,指导产品质量的提高,让消费者辨别六堡茶感官质量的优劣.方法:通过对六堡茶的初制厂实地调查和分析、对精制厂生产进行长期观察和比较、对进行不同的六堡茶进行感官审评和理化分析、文献调研等方法进行研究和分析.结果:所有感官质量缺陷均有对应的一个或多个原因造成,或者一个原因导致多个质量缺陷.结论:...     

弘扬六堡茶文化做强六堡茶产业

一、六堡茶的历史渊源六堡茶是以地理名称命名的历史名茶,原产于广西梧州市苍梧县六堡乡。六堡茶的产制历史可追溯到一千五百多年前,享有盛名的历史也有二百多年。在六堡河的怀抱中孕育并最终成为著名侨销茶的六堡茶,是自然与人文共同打造的精灵。长期以来,在港、澳及东南亚华侨之中久负盛名,是传统出口商品。六堡茶成品有制成块状、砖状、金钱状的,如     

《地理标志产品六堡茶》标准与《六堡茶》标准的比较

通过对《地理标志产品六堡茶》标准与《六堡茶》标准在编写依据和方法、适用范围、术语和定义、分类、等级、要求、试验方法、检验规则等方面的对比,指出两标准的异同。结果显示,《地理标志产品六堡茶》是在《六堡茶》基础上增加六堡茶地理标志产品保护的内容制定而成,增加的内容主要有产品保护范围、原料种植的立地条件和气候条件、茶树品种、栽培技术、采摘、毛茶感官品质和理化指标等,产品等级从7个等级缩减至5个等级,前者比后者要求更宽广、更严格。《地理标志产品六堡茶》标准对保证六堡茶质量特色、提高质量水平,推动六堡茶产业持续健康发展具有引领作用。     

六堡茶产品标签存在问题及对策

通过分析六堡茶产品标签存在的问题、原因、危害,提出纠正的措施和建议。生产企业只有树立起正确的诚信意识、责任意识、质量意识、守法意识,并掌握六堡茶相关法律、法规、标准要求及了解历史文化的基础上设计标签,六堡茶标签存在问题可以得到纠正。结论:企业是解决标签问题的内因和关键,而社会监督则是外因和次要的。     

梧州市六堡茶产业发展现状与对策

六堡茶是梧州市具有悠久历史的优质名茶,以"红、浓、陈、醇"及独具槟榔香的品质特征长久享誉东南亚,成为我国著名的侨销茶之一。近年来,六堡茶的热销给梧州市发展六堡茶产业带来了千载难逢的机遇,梧州市委、市政府决心把六堡茶产业做大做强。本文通过分析几年来梧州市六堡茶产业的发展现状及存在问题,提出将六堡茶打造成为梧州市农业支柱产业的几点对策。     

论六堡茶的选购——基于认证对茶叶质量安全的保证作用

为了解决选购六堡茶只重视感官指标而忽视卫生、安全的问题,本文介绍一般茶叶标准和六堡茶标准,指出产品标准的规定是不全面的,而认证则是对其不足的必不可少的补充;比较强制性官方认证、自愿性管理体系认证和产品认证对茶叶质量保证作用的差异,分析影响认证有效性的内、外因素,阐述六堡茶保健功效及其质量的鉴别方法等。同时指出,茶叶的感官质量是建立在卫生、安全基础上的,在选购六堡茶时,若只关注感官指标而不重视其卫生、安全,是本末倒置。选购六堡茶要从生产企业的认证情况、购买目的、品鉴水平、经济条件、贮藏条件、策略、技巧等方面综合考虑,才能选购到既卫生、安全,感官指标合适又经济的产品。     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

云南省"双高"甘蔗生产与发展

从自然生产条件、龙头企业状况和产业经济效益3方面论述了云南省“双高”甘蔗发展的优势条件.分析了现阶段“双高”甘蔗发展中存在的主要问题,即甘蔗产业科技落后、蔗园建设投入不足、加工企业规模较小,产品单一.从“双高”甘蔗优势产业带建设,甘蔗种子工程体系,“双高”甘蔗科技、甘蔗产业化经营发展与科技培训等方面提出了“双高”甘蔗发展的建议和措施.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。