脱毒马铃薯试管苗剪尖扦插无土繁殖研究

在防虫网室中无土扦插试管苗继代生产脱毒微型薯。用 4次剪尖和 4次培土办法 ,80d平均单株结薯数达 10 6个 ,110d单株商品粒数 >1g达 8 7个。增加剪尖和培土次数 ,是提高单株结薯数量的一种新技术方法     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗无土栽培高产机理研究：谢庆华

在防虫网室中无土栽培马铃薯脱毒试管苗生产微型薯,用９次剪尖和８次培土的办法,１８０ｄ平均单株结薯达２１２．８个,２１０ｄ商品粒数（≥１ｇ）达１５８．２个;且剪类和培土的次数与匍匐茎数、腋芽枝数和单株结薯个数有正相关关系。后两者均达极显著水平ｒ１＝０．９０２３,ｒ２＝０．９４７０。     

提高雾化栽培马铃薯微型薯结薯能力的初步研究

用 3种处理方法 ,下放植株 ,激素 (CCC) ,剪尖对雾化栽培室内的脱毒苗进行随机区组处理。结果表明 :激素和剪尖对叶面积系数 (LAI)、株高、茎粗等营养器官生长特征影响一致 ,可用剪尖替代激素促进形态建成 ;下放植株可极显著促进根系发育 ,促使腋芽向匍匐茎转化 ,可极显著提高微型小薯的产量 ;同时 ,相关分析表明 ,LAI与单株薯数呈极显著正相关 (r =0 874 8 ) ;根系体积与单株薯数显著相关 (r=0 82 0 1 ) ,与单株匍匐茎数极显著相关 (r =0 8770 )。     

马铃薯库建成动态研究

在马铃薯块茎的形成和增长过程中 ,小薯不断地形成、退化或转化成大中薯 ,其中出苗2 8d以后的 2～ 3周是决定大中薯数的关键期。在不同密度及施肥处理下 ,马铃薯块茎体积及干重的增长均呈S型曲线变化。单株块茎体积随密度增加而减少 ,适量施用氮、磷、钾 ,可增加块茎体积、单株结薯数和大中薯数 ,其中磷钾肥可使结薯时间提前 ,过量氮肥则推迟结薯时间 ;随密度的增加 ,块茎日增重逐渐降低 ,适量增施磷、钾肥可提高库的充实度 ,增加产量。在本试验因素中量 (适量 )组合 ,底西芮品种单株块茎体积最大增长速率为 2 5 7392ml d ,块茎干重的最大增长速率为 10 6 82 6 g d ;种植密度 4 5 0 0株 6 6 7m2 时 ,单株结薯数为 13 5个 ,大中薯数平均为 10个 ,单产可达 30 0 0kg 6 6 7m2 以上     

马铃薯脱毒种薯标准化生产技术研究——Ⅰ.不同密度栽培对块茎大小、单株结薯及产量的影响

试验利用高海拔地区的气候特点和土壤肥沃疏松条件 ,将“鄂马铃薯 3号”脱毒试管苗直接进入田间土床培育 ,在高密植栽培条件下 ,生产标准种薯。经 9个处理的试验结果表明 :随着种植密度的增加 ,单位面积上的块茎数、无效薯增加 ,大薯率降低。3～ 5 0 g结薯率最佳处理是F、H和C ,分别占83 5 0 %、83 81%和 84 5 0 % ;10 ～ 30 g结薯率最佳处理是E和F ,分别占总数的 4 3 96 %和 4 6 86 % ,产量最佳处理是E和F ,分别为 15 0 0kg/ 6 6 7m2 和 15 83kg/ 6 6 7m2 ,各处理间差异达极显著水平。单位面积结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著正相关 ,y =196 6 6 + 0 98x(r=0 98 ) ;单株结薯数与单位面积移栽株数呈极显著负相关 ,y=2 89- 0 0 0 2 2x(r =- 0 81 )。     

脱毒马铃薯试管苗直接移栽结薯研究

在日光温室中 ,以蛭石为无土栽培基质 ,脱毒马铃薯试管苗直接移栽 ,生产微型薯 ,通过炼苗提高成活率 ,调控温湿度促壮苗 ,及时培土提高结薯率 ,水肥适宜促薯块膨大。平均单株结薯率达到 4 2粒 株 ,由于长期生长 ,单薯重增加到 6 8g ,提高了脱毒薯 1～ 2个等级 ,试管苗直接结薯不仅解决了扦插伤口二次污染的问题 ,而且产量提高了 4 9 6 9% ;效益提高了 16 9 15 %。     

马铃薯脱毒试管苗和扦插苗的微型薯生产比较实验

试验研究了在温室条件下 ,使用相同的无土栽培基质 (珍珠岩 :蛭石 =1∶1) ,脱毒试管苗和扦插试管苗生产微型薯的比较实验。实验结果表明 :扦插苗生产的微型薯 ,单粒重达到 4 0 2 g ,试管苗只有 2 95g。而试管苗生产的微型薯 ,单株结薯数、单位面积 ( 1m2 )结薯数分别高于扦插苗58 2 9%、 68 61% ,两者的单位面积 ( 1m2 )产量相近 ,试管苗略高于扦插苗的微型薯产量 ,>1g的微型薯比例扦插苗达 85 58% ,高于试管苗 5 67个百分点。     

青岛地区脱毒马铃薯增产增收试验研究

试验研究了在青岛地区使用脱毒种薯的增产增收效果。在本地区使用脱毒种薯 ,单株产量比对照提高 0 33kg ,达 71 74 % ;单株结薯高于对照 1 5个 ,单薯薯重提高 2 0 g ,每 6 6 7m2 增产12 95 79kg ,增产幅度达 6 3% ;在其他投入相同的条件下 ,脱毒种薯每 6 6 7m2 多投入 10 0元 ,而收入增加 15 37 36元 ,增产增收效果相当明显     

栽培密度对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状及产量的影响

为了探讨不同密度处理对优质鲜食型甘薯农艺性状和产量的影响,选用优质鲜食型甘薯品种广薯87和福薯8号开展研究。结果表明:不同密度水平对2个甘薯品种的蔓长、蔓重、单株结薯数、单株薯重及商品薯率等主要农艺性状均有重要影响,2个品种表现不一;在不同密度水平下福薯8号产量水平部分间达极显著性差异,其中以5.4万株/hm~2的栽培密度时,其产量最高达45 562.50 kg/hm~2,不同栽培密度水平下广薯87无显著性差异。2个甘薯品种需选择适宜的栽培密度进行种植才能达到高产、高效。     

蔗糖浓度及苗龄对马铃薯新品种‘丽薯6号’试管薯诱导的效果

马铃薯试管薯诱导技术因其能有效加快脱毒马铃薯繁殖,缩短种薯生产周期,使种薯工厂化生产成为可能而受到重视。本研究以不同苗龄的高产抗病新品种‘丽薯6号’脱毒苗为试验材料,在马铃薯适宜的8%¹2%蔗糖浓度诱导区间内使用不同浓度的蔗糖诱导试管薯,探求其最适蔗糖浓度并观察苗龄对试管薯形成的影响,旨在花费更少的成本和较短时间内诱导大量的试管薯,以便于建立原原种高效生产体系。综合分析单株结薯数及单株结薯速率,结果表明:‘丽薯6号’诱导试管薯的最适苗龄为80 d,最适蔗糖浓度为10%。在此处理下单株结薯数最多,且结薯最早,生产效率高于其他处理。     

THE EFFECTS ON DAIRY COWS OF GRAZING PASTURE CONTAINING HIGH LEVELS OF NITRATE-NITROGEN

Two paddocks each received a total of 412 kg N/ha (371 lb/ac) between April and July in four equal applications. The paddocks were grazed four times for four days by two groups of 5 Friesian cows starting 14 and 21 days after each N applica tion. The nitrate-N content of the herbage DM reached a peak of 0·76 % in the third grazing 14 days after N application. There was a significant (P < 0·001) correlation (r =0·67) between water soluble carbohydrates and nitrate-N in the herbage DM. No marked changes occurred in eitber the methaemoglobin or packed cell volume of the blood samples from either group. No detrimental effects on animal health or production were recorded during the experiment.     

How Planting Density Affects Number and Yield of Potato Minitubers in a Commercial Glasshouse Production System

Commercial potato minituber production systems aim at high tuber numbers per plant. This study investigated by which mechanisms planting density (25.0, 62.5 and 145.8 plants/m²) of in vitro derived plantlets affected minituber yield and minituber number per plantlet. Lowering planting density resulted in a slower increase in soil cover by the leaves and reduced the accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR). It initially also reduced light use efficiency (LUE) and harvest index, and thus tuber weights per m². At the commercial harvest 10 weeks after planting (WAP), LUE tended to be higher at lower densities. This compensated for the lower AIR and led to only slightly lower tuber yields. Lowering planting density increased tuber numbers per (planted) plantlet in all grades. It improved plantlet survival and increased stem numbers per plant. However, fewer stolons were produced per stem, whereas stolon numbers per plant were not affected. At lower densities, more tubers were initiated per stolon and the balance between initiation and later resorption of tubers was more favourable. Early interplant competition was thought to reduce the number of tubers initiated at higher densities, whereas later-occurring interplant competition resulted in a large fraction of the initiated tubers being resorbed at intermediate planting densities. At low planting densities, the high number of tubers initiated was also retained. Shortening of the production period could be considered at higher planting densities, because tuber number in the commercial grade > 9 mm did not increase any more after 6 WAP.     

马铃薯无性一代植株性状相关及通径分析

本文对马铃薯30个杂交组合无性一代的14个性状与单株产量的相关关系作了估算,其中无效生育期、播后74天和92天冠层覆盖度、平均冠层覆盖度、最高冠层覆盖度、有效生育期、单株块茎数、单块重8个性状与单株产量的相关性达显著或极显著水平。进而对影响单株产量(y)的平均冠层覆盖度(x_1),有效生育期(x_2)、单株块茎数(x_3)、单个块茎重(x_4)进行通径分析。结果表明,该4个性状决定单株产量变异的94.61％,说明这4个性状是影响单株产量的决定因素。     

The effectiveness of using a minituber crop for selection of agronomic characters in potato breeding programmes

Summary Performance of 20 potato genotypes was studied for seven agronomic characters in crops raised from minitubers and normal seed tubers. Correlation coefficients were computed between minituber crop and normal seed crop in order to study the selection efficiency at minituber crop level. The performance of normal seed crop was significantly better than the minituber crop for various characters including tuber yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between minituber and normal seed crop were significant for various characters except number of stems and number of tubers. Highest correlation coefficient (r=0.86) was for tuber yield followed by average tuber weight (r=0.67) and number of nodes (r=0.63). The results suggest that selection for tuber yield can be practised at the minituber crop level in potato breeding programmes     

浓香型烟叶成熟期质体色素的变化特征研究

为探明湖南浓香型烟叶质体色素在生育后期不同阶段和不同叶位间的差异,对云烟87在打顶期、打顶后10 d、打顶后20 d三个时期和上部、中部及下部叶三个叶位间的色素含量变化及叶绿素含量与SPAD值的关系进行了研究。结果表明：同一时期不同叶位叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量都表现为：上部叶〉中部叶〉下部叶,除打顶期上部叶和中部叶差异不显著外,不同叶位差异达极显著水平;同一叶位不同时期叶绿素含量变化为,打顶期后下部叶逐步明显减少,中部叶先明显减少后少量增加,上部叶则先增加后降低。不同叶位类胡萝卜素的含量变化在同一时期都表现为：上部叶〉中部叶〉下部叶,且叶位间存在显著性差异。叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量比值和总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素比值在相同时期都表现为：上部叶〉中部叶〉下部叶,但前者在打顶期后呈逐渐降低趋势,后者则先增加后明显减少。上部叶、中部叶及下部叶的叶绿素含量均与相应SPAD值具有极显著正相关性。     

Influence of Nitrogen Supply of Potato Plantlets on In Vitro Tuberization Pattern under Inductive and Non-inductive Conditions

The effects of nitrogen supply of in vitro plantlets on subsequent in vitro tuberization were examined in three potato varieties. In vitro plantlets were raised on MS media with varying amounts of ammonium nitrate, resulting in 70, 80, 100, 120 and 160% of the standard N content in MS medium and various nitrate : ammonium ratios. Tuberization was induced by adding an 8% sucrose solution to 4-week old plantlets and keeping them 2 weeks under short or long days (8 and 16 h illumination per day, respectively), followed by darkness for 9 weeks. Under long days, a lower nitrogen content in the medium and higher nitrate : ammonium ratio were favourable for the development of large tubers (>6 mm). Under short days, the total number of tubers increased with an increase in nitrogen content of the medium in cultivars Gülbaba and Désirée but not in cultivar Boró, while the number of large tubers was not significantly influenced by nitrogen supply. The tuber weight per plantlet was strongly influenced by genotype. Nitrogen supply of the in vitro plantlets had a prolonged effect on in vitro tuberization. Because the optimum nitrogen treatment is genotype specific, the quantity of large in vitro tubers could be increased by adjusting the nitrogen content of the medium.     

马铃薯试管块茎形成机制的研究──BA对试管块茎形成与膨大的影响

试验以“米拉”脱毒苗为基础材料，研究了在不同光照和蔗糖浓度条件下，不同浓度ＢＡ以及不同时间加入ＢＡ对试管块茎形成与生长的影响．试验结果表明，ＢＡ与光照条件、蔗糖浓度之间在影响块茎形成和生长过程中不存在显著的互作关系，但三者均为块茎形成和膨大的必要条件．短日照有利于匍匐茎的发生，ＢＡ有利于匍匐茎顶端的膨大，蔗糖浓度与块茎大小和数量有密切关系．本文涉及的试验中，每天光照８小时，蔗糖浓度为８％，使用２ｐｐｍＢＡ在转入短日照８～１０天后加入对块茎的形成与膨大效果最好，最后有效单株块茎数达２．２４和２．２６个。     

脱毒马铃薯扩繁技术初探

本试验以早熟品种东农３０３、中熟品种系薯１号和晚熟品种晋薯７号为试验材料，采用Ｌ１２（４×３￣２）正交试验法，分室内和室外两组同时进行试验，结果表明，出芽天数随着温度的上升而减少；大薯块出芽数极显著高于中小薯块；出芽数则随着掰芽次数的增加而减少；系薯１号的出芽数明显高于晋薯７号，与东农３０３差异不显著．产量结果表明，主因素为品种；其次为薯块大小；掰芽次数间差异不显著；母薯则极显著高于掰芽次数．综合结果分析，脱毒马铃薯掰芽扩繁是一项节省种薯，提高繁殖系数的有效措施；以选择适宜当地种植的高产高效和大薯块掰芽为好；三次掰芽扩繁移栽和母薯直播是可行的马铃薯扩繁技术措施．