水稻类钙调磷酸酶B亚基蛋白基因OsCBL8功能的初步研究

 以转正义或反义OsCBL8基因的T3代株系及非转基因对照为材料, 研究了转OsCBL8基因对水稻农艺性状、内源OsCBL8基因表达和幼苗耐盐、耐旱及耐冷性的影响。结果表明, 供试的16个转基因株系的株高、单株分蘖数、单株有效穗数、穗长和百粒重等性状与对照无显著差异, 每穗实粒数和结实率则大都显著或极显著低于对照。部分转基因株系的半定量RT PCR结果表明, 转正义基因显著增强了植株中OsCBL8基因的表达, 而转反义基因则对内源OsCBL8基因的表达具有一定的抑制作用。在盐、干旱和低温等非生物胁迫条件下的生长实验发现, 1个转正义基因株系的耐盐性得到显著增强, 1个转反义基因株系的耐旱性得到显著增强。 讨论了OsCBL8基因在水稻耐非生物逆境方面可能的机理。     

转PAL基因水稻抗稻瘟病性和过氧化物酶活性的研究

 用PAL(苯丙氨酸解氨酶）基因正义和反义转化水稻，获得了70株转基因植株。选择正义转化植株(1s)和反义转化植株(4a)进行稻瘟病菌([i]Magnaporthe grisea[/i])接种，针对病原物侵染，1s的PAL活性上升更快，幅度更大。观察水稻叶片超微结构发现，1s的细胞具有更强的抵抗病原菌入侵的能力，其过氧化物酶活性也比对照和4a要高。     

转几丁质酶-葡聚糖酶基因水稻稻瘟病抗谱分析

用来源于云南各地属于24个稻瘟病菌（[i]Magnaporthe grisea[/i]）生理小种的33个菌株,对受体品种南29及其4个转几丁质酶 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶串联基因水稻T5代品系进行了温室接种鉴定。结果表明,不能侵染受体品种南29 的13个菌株也不能侵染转基因品系,可侵染受体品种南29 的20个菌株一般不能侵染转基因品系,转基因水稻对稻瘟病菌抗性范围较受体对照扩大,证明转几丁质酶 葡聚糖酶基因水稻对稻瘟病具有一定的广谱抗性;诱发条件下,转基因品系大田叶瘟病情指数为0～1级,穗瘟发病率为0.3%～10.23%,抗性较受体对照大幅度提高,表明这些品系在稻瘟病抗病育种中是有应用潜力的。     

Quality characteristics and field performance of selectable marker-free transgenic rice with antisense Wx gene and improved quality derived from the elite parents of hybrid indica rice

In rice grains, high amylose content (AC) is correlated with poor grain quality, particularly in indica hybrid rice. To obtain indica hybrid rice with improved cooking and eating qualities, we introduced the antisense Waxy (Wx) gene into 2 elite parental lines of indica hybrid rice by using co-transformation methods. Subsequently, we selected several elite homozygous transgenic lines that did not contain the selectable marker. The expression of the endogenous Wx gene of the selected transgenic lines was significantly downregulated, resulting in low AC in the mature seeds; moreover, the AC in some lines reduced to the level observed in glutinous rice. With the decrease in AC, the gel consistency of the transgenic rice became softer, and the gelatinization temperature tended to be higher than those of the wild types, especially in the case of the Longtefu-derived transformants. We also analyzed the pasting properties of the selected transgenic low-AC lines, and we noted an improvement in the pasting properties of the transgenic rice lines. The results from a field trial indicated that the grain weights of the transgenic lines with lower AC exhibit remarkable reduction compared with those of the wild types.     

转基因与常规杂交相结合改良水稻耐盐性

通过农杆菌介导法和基因枪法将CMO、BADH、mtlD、gutD和SAMDC基因以单价或双价的形式导入水稻常规品种中,再结合常规杂交育种,选育5价强耐盐性的转基因水稻植株。1~5价9类组合的水稻品系,经PCR分子检测,在转基因后代中多价目的基因聚合,遗传稳定,且分子检测与田间耐盐性的表现一致。转基因植株在盐碱地中能正常生长,拓展了水稻常规品种耐盐性。并已获得耐0.5%~1.0%NaCl的T秀水11——品3、品6和品7等9份优良株系或中间材料。     

根癌农杆菌介导的水稻转化系统的优化及转反义Wx基因植株的获得

以具不同直链淀粉含量的籼粳稻品种为受体材料,试验了适宜于根癌农杆菌介导转化的水稻愈伤组织诱导培养基及其诱导培养的时间。结果表明,一种基于MS基本培养基的商品培养基较适合作为籼粳稻幼胚愈伤组织的诱导培养基;对于籼型杂交稻亲本协青早B,转化前幼胚较适合的愈伤组织诱导培养天数为8 d左右。在此基础上,将反义蜡质（Wx）基因分别导入上述受体亲本中,获得了一批转基因水稻植株。PCR和Southern杂交分析表明反义Wx基因已经整合进了转基因水稻的基因组中。遗传分析表明外源基因在转基因水稻后代中的分离符合3∶1的理论比例。     

Quality characteristics and field performance of selectable marker-free transgenic rice with antisense Wx gene and improved quality derived from the elite parents of hybrid indica rice

In rice grains, high amylose content (AC) is correlated with poor grain quality, particularly in indica hybrid rice. To obtain indica hybrid rice with improved cooking and eating qualities, we introduced the antisense Waxy (Wx) gene into 2 elite parental lines of indica hybrid rice by using co-transformation methods. Subsequently, we selected several elite homozygous transgenic lines that did not contain the selectable marker. The expression of the endogenous Wx gene of the selected transgenic lines was significantly downregulated, resulting in low AC in the mature seeds; moreover, the AC in some lines reduced to the level observed in glutinous rice. With the decrease in AC, the gel consistency of the transgenic rice became softer, and the gelatinization temperature tended to be higher than those of the wild types, especially in the case of the Longtefu-derived transformants. We also analyzed the pasting properties of the selected transgenic low-AC lines, and we noted an improvement in the pasting properties of the transgenic rice lines. The results from a field trial indicated that the grain weights of the transgenic lines with lower AC exhibit remarkable reduction compared with those of the wild types.     

OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻抗盐和抗低温胁迫鉴定

 为评估水稻OsBTF3基因在水稻对非生物逆境胁迫应答中的功能,利用RT Q PCR技术,对经高盐(200 mmol/L NaCl溶液)和低温(4℃)胁迫处理后水稻的OsBTF3基因表达动态进行了测定,并对前期获得的OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻株系进行了抗高盐和抗低温胁迫的鉴定。结果表明,高盐胁迫处理显著抑制了OsBTF3基因的表达,低温胁迫对其表达影响有一定的变化;转基因T2代过量表达株系对高盐和低温胁迫抗性显著增强,而RNAi转基因株系抗性减弱,说明OsBTF3可能在水稻对高盐和低温胁迫反应中起着重要的调控作用。     

水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用

LOX3是主要的水稻种胚脂氧合酶同工酶。为了研究水稻LOX3基因在逆境胁迫中的作用,构建了LOX3基因的反义植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种武运粳7号和Kasalath,获得了转基因植株。PCR和Southern鉴定证实基因已经导入水稻基因组中,种胚LOX3缺失鉴定和半定量RT PCR分析证实反义RNA抑制了LOX3基因的表达。对T2代转基因植株进行了水分胁迫处理及稻瘟病和白叶枯病的接种鉴定。结果显示,与非转基因对照相比,反义LOX3转基因植株对水分胁迫、稻瘟病和白叶枯病都表现敏感,说明水稻种胚LOX3基因在逆境胁迫反应中发挥一定的作用。     

转Cry30Fa1基因抗褐飞虱水稻的获得及鉴定

将编码高效杀褐飞虱蛋白的苏云金芽胞杆菌基因Cry30Fa1密码子改造后,通过农杆菌介导法转入蜀恢818(R818),并最终获得46个转基因植株。通过定量PCR及Western Blot鉴定了Cry30Fa1在转录水平和蛋白水平的表达,并通过分子检测固定稳定表达的抗性基因,并结合传统育种系谱法选择具有优良农艺性状株系。对选育的株系在室内和大田环境下进行了抗虫性鉴定,选育的R818-Cry30Fal株系抗性明显优于亲本材料并达到抗的水平;在单株抗虫试验中,观察到了转基因株系对褐飞虱具有致死作用。说明转入Cry30Fa1基因使水稻产生了对褐飞虱抗性。培育出了具有抗褐飞虱蛋白的新型恢复系R818-Cry30Fal,为三系杂交育种提供了新的抗性材料并丰富了抗褐飞虱水稻种质资源。     

转WYMV-Nib8基因抗黄花叶病小麦的鉴定及优良株系的选育

小麦黄花叶病是我国冬麦区亟待解决的重要病害之一。为了给应用病毒复制酶基因介导的转基因抗病小麦新品种（系）选育提供依据，对利用基因枪法将WYMV-Nib8基因和bar基因共转化扬麦158获得的15个T2代株系进行了黄花叶病抗性鉴定，筛选出4个高抗病株系和1个剔除bar基因的高抗病株系；连续多年抗病性鉴定结果表明，通过转基因技术获得的5个株系不但抗病性优良而且可以稳定遗传。以转基因材料为亲本之一，通过常规杂交、回交获得1个兼抗小麦黄花叶病和白粉病且农艺性状优良的新品系BR1014。     

农杆菌介导的转ICE1基因提高水稻的耐寒性

利用农杆菌介导的转基因技术,成功地将通过RT PCR克隆的拟南芥ICE1基因导入垦鉴稻10号中,经PCR和Southern检测确认目的基因已整合到水稻基因组中。潮霉素抗性测定结果表明,与未转基因水稻相比,T1代表现出对潮霉素较高的抗性和孟德尔式的单位点遗传。抗寒能力检测结果表明,在同等低温胁迫条件下T1代转基因株系的死亡率明显低于未转基因对照。脯氨酸含量增幅明显高于未转基因对照。上述结果表明,转ICE1水稻提高了抗寒能力。     

乔松根特异启动子PmPgPR10驱动Na+/H+逆转运蛋白提高转基因水稻的耐盐性

 为获得抗盐水稻,将小麦液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白基因TaNHX2与乔松(Pinus griffithii)根诱导型特异表达启动子PmPgPR10融合（PmPgPR10∷TaNHX2）并转化水稻,以研究PmPgPR10启动子对TaNHX2基因表达的影响以及转基因植物的耐盐性。PCR、Southern和实时PCR试验结果表明,PmPgPR10∷TaNHX2基因已通过农杆菌介导法整合进水稻基因组,而且外源基因已在受体细胞中正确表达。在盐胁迫处理时,转PmPgPR10基因植株的耐盐性以及外源基因的表达量显著高于对照植株,说明PmPgPR10启动子可以调控TaNHX2基因在根中特异表达。为了进一步分析转基因植株耐盐机理, 比较了日本晴和转基因T3代植株中液泡腺苷三磷酸酶（V ATPase）和液泡焦磷酸酶（V PPase）活性,发现转PmPgPR10∷TaNHX2基因水稻的V ATPase和V PPase酶活性显著高于非转基因对照,说明V ATPase和V PPase活性提高在转TaNHX2基因水稻耐盐性过程中发挥重要作用。在盐胁迫处理时,V ATPase和V PPase活性只能在转基因植株的根中但不能在叶片中被检测到,进一步说明PmPgPR10启动子在根中特异性表达。因此,PmPgPR10具有在根中增强下游TaNHX2基因表达,并显著提高转基因植株耐盐性的能力。     

Grain Quality as Affected by Down-regulation of Expression of Different ALK Alleles in indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

【Objective】Gelatinization temperature (GT) is one of the key physicochemical properties in rice quality, which is mainly regulated by ALK (SSII-3) gene. In general, there are two ALK alleles among indica cultivars. To detect their functional differentiation in indica rice,【Method】Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety carrying ALKc allele) and Longtefu B (a low GT variety carrying ALKb allele), were used as receptors for the generation of transgenic rice with down-regulation of ALK expression by RNA interference (RNAi).【Result】Down-regulation of ALK gene significantly decreased the GT of the transgenic lines. Due to the difference of original GT between the two receptors, the GT of transgenic rice lines derived from Zhenshan 97B (a high GT variety) decreased significantly, but it is slightly decreased in transgenic plants derived from Longtefu B (a low GT variety). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the initial temperature of RNAi transgenic rice was significantly lower than the corresponding control and the transgenic lines were gelatinized in advance. The peak value of GT(Tp) in RNAi rice grains was significantly lower than that of the control under Zhenshan 97B background. However, Tp of RNAi rice grains under Longtefu B background was significantly lower than the control to a lesser extent. Also, down-regulation of ALK expression had a significant effect on rice physical-chemical characteristics. An increase of apparent amylose content in RNAi transgenic plants was detected due to the decreased expression of ALK gene. Besides, the pasting properties showed that down-regulation of ALK gene had obvious effects on peak viscosity and breakdown value, improving the taste of the transgenic rice. The gel consistency was significantly different among Zhenshan 97B RNAi lines and their parents, but no difference was found in Longtefu-derived transgenic lines.【Conclusion】RNA interference to ALK allele expression had a significant effect on rice quality, especially the gelatinization characters. Down-regulated expression level of ALKc allele would cause larger variation of physical-chemical characteristics between transgenic rice and their parent than that of ALKb allele.     

籼稻背景下抑制不同ALK等位基因表达对稻米品质的影响

【目的】稻米糊化温度是影响稻米品质的重要指标，该性状受主效基因ALK/SSII-3调控，ALK基因具有多个复等位基因，本研究旨在通过RNAi技术明确籼稻亚种中两个不同ALK等位基因的效应。【方法】以分别含有ALKc和ALKb等位基因的高糊化温度品种珍汕97B和低糊化温度品种龙特甫B为试验材料，使用RNAi技术构建ALK表达下调的转基因株系，通过对其稻米理化品质的测定来明确不同等位基因表达下调对稻米品质的影响。【结果】对不同转基因水稻目的基因的表达分析显示本研究中转基因株系的ALK基因受到了不同程度的干扰。重点分析了不同RNAi株系稻米的糊化温度，结果表明珍汕97B的RNAi转基因稻米的糊化温度极显著降低，而在低糊化温度品种龙特甫B背景中下调表达ALK基因后对糊化温度的影响较小；转基因株系与未转化亲本相比，米粉的起始糊化温度都显著降低，表现为提前糊化；在珍汕97B背景下干扰系的峰值温度与未转化亲本相比极显著降低，而在龙特甫背景下米粉的峰值温度与未转化对照相比显著降低。对不同转基因系的理化品质分析表明，ALK下调表达植株稻米的表观直链淀粉含量显著增加，下调表达ALK后会引起米粉峰值黏度和崩解值的改变。高糊化温度品种珍汕97B干扰系与未转化对照相比胶稠度呈现极显著性差异，而低糊化温度品种龙特甫干扰系的胶稠度与未转化对照相比没有差异。【结论】下调表达ALK等位基因对稻米理化品质产生显著影响，并且干扰不同等位基因的效应存在明显差异，即籼稻中的两个ALK等位基因的效应存在显著差异。     

过表达一个疣粒野生稻的Ricin_B凝集素基因OmR40c1增强水稻耐盐性

盐胁迫是影响盐/碱稻区水稻产量的主要逆境因素。研究耐盐相关基因,对于培育水稻抗逆品种具有重要意义。OmR40c1是从疣粒野生稻(Oryza meyeriana)中分离获得cDNA序列,与已报道的受脱落酸与盐诱导的OsR40c1的CDS序列完全相同,但在5′端UTR和3′端UTR区域有差别。有关OmR40c1基因功能的研究还未见报道。本研究的主要目的是初步分析OmR40c1在水稻耐盐性中的作用。对栽培稻日本晴(Oryza sativa L.var.Nipponbare)进行脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)和盐胁迫处理,OsR40c1基因均上调表达。构建基因定位载体并注射烟草表皮细胞,其结果表明OmR40c1定位于细胞质膜和细胞核上。构建超表达载体并转染日本晴,PCR及qRT-PCR结果均显示OmR40c1在转基因材料中成功表达。OmR40c1可能参与种子萌发。174mmol/L盐胁迫下,野生型种子的发芽率下调一半左右,转OmR40c1基因水稻种子发芽未受影响;转OmR40c1水稻苗期的株高是未经盐处理转基因水稻株高的一半左右;而野生型的株高是未经盐处理野生型水稻株高的1/6左右。盐胁迫下,水稻叶片、根长等都受到不同程度的影响。盐胁迫下,转OmR40c1基因水稻植株内的Na~+浓度是野生型的1.38倍;K~+浓度是野生型的1.25倍。综上,OmR40c1一定程度提高了水稻的耐盐性,且苗期的耐盐性高于成株期。     

Identification for Heat Tolerance in Backcross Recombinant Lines and Screening of Backcross Introgression Lines with Heat Tolerance at Milky Stage in Rice

The present study aimed at breeding new rice germplasms with similar genome but significantly differed in heat tolerance during the grain filling stage.A total of 791 BC1F8 backcross recombinant lines,derived from the cross of Xieqingzao B /N22 //Xieqingzao B,were used as materials.Each rice line was separated evenly into two groups,and the heat tolerance of all rice lines were evaluated at natural high temperature in fields.The rice lines with heat tolerant index higher than 90% or lower than 40% were sele...     

农杆菌介导的转高赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）水稻T4代分析

通过农杆菌介导的方法用富赖氨酸蛋白基因（sb401）转化粳稻品种日本晴,获得了独立的10个转化株系,对转化株系进行连续自交,通过筛选得到9个纯合的T4代转化株系。 Southern blotting分析发现,整合位点是随机的,并为低拷贝（1~3个）。TAI-PCR扩增得到8个T-DNA侧翼序列,并定位于日本晴的7条染色体上。蛋白质和氨基酸测定分析发现,sb401基因对各株系的蛋白质、赖氨酸和其他氨基酸组分的提高起到了一定的作用。将杂交结果与T-DNA插入位置结合分析发现,在低拷贝的情况下,表达量的差异不明显。     

转基因水稻经花药培养获得纯系的研究

 利用基于苯乙酸的一步成苗法,获得了来源于多个品种转基因水稻当代植株的花培苗上百株。对其中两个含bar基因插入的转基因粳稻当代植株京引119-B3和京引119-B4的花培植株及其后代进行了详细的研究分析。bar基因在所获得的单倍体和二倍体花培植株中均可正常表达出对除草剂Basta的抗性。PCR、Southern分析进一步证明导入的bar基因在绝大多数花培植株中没有发生变化。即使对粳稻京引119-B4这一有多位点插入的转基因植株,花药培养也可达到使外源基因一次纯合、后代不再分离的目的。结果表明对转基因植株进行花药培养可用于快速纯合外源基因以获得纯系。并就这一技术体系的技术要点进行了讨论。