玉米自交系京724和郑58的产量配合力及杂种优势研究

以优良玉米自交系京724和郑58为试材,采用NCII遗传交配设计,以京92、京2416、昌7-2、黄早四、京24、Lx9801等14个黄改群自交系为测验种,杂交组配所得28个杂交组合,调查测定杂交组合和自交系的子粒产量,分析京724和郑58与黄改群自交系的产量配合力及杂交种的杂种优势特性。结果表明,自交系京724子粒产量的一般配合力效应值为7.03,极显著高于郑58;杂交组合京724/京92(京科968)子粒产量的特殊配合力相对效应值在全部组合中最高,达23.71。京724与系列黄改系组配组合的子粒产量均值显著高于郑58所配组合;京724与系列黄改系所配组合的超标优势均值显著高于郑58所配组合;京科968的杂种优势指数与郑单958相当。     

玉米自交系丹黄34的选育与利用

玉米自交系丹黄34由丹东农业科学院育成。配合力高,株型紧凑上冲,抗各种病害。其所配杂交组合表现熟期适中、高产、稳产、高抗、米质较好等优点,适宜在我国北方玉米各主产区种植。     

浅析玉米自交系丹340配合力

1　丹340的选育玉米自交系丹340是周宝林1979年通过栽培玉米白轴旅9与有稃玉米杂交,Ｓ1代经Ｃｏ60γ射线辐射处理后,通过多代自交选育而成的一个优良玉米自交系。丹340自交系生长健壮,株高适中,株型清秀,配合力高,抗多种玉米病害,抗倒伏,适用性广,属中晚熟自交系。2　丹340应用情况丹340自育成以来,很快被广泛应用于生产和育种,成为我国玉米杂交种的骨干自交系之一。而且目前其应用仍处上升阶段,表现出巨大的应用潜势。据不完全统计,国内用丹340自交系组配的杂交组合41个,通过审定的杂交种26个,种植面积在20万ｈｍ2以上的杂交种有10个。其中…     

41份中晚熟欧洲玉米选系的配合力及杂种优势分析

试验以东北农业大学利用17份欧洲玉米种质选育的41份中晚熟优良自交系为材料,以代表瑞德类群的自交系D1798Z和兰卡斯特类群的HCL645为测验种,采用NCII遗传交配设计组配82个杂交组合,分析产量配合力及杂种优势关系。结果表明,41份欧洲选系的单株产量GCA相对效应值为-20.95%~26.72%,20份材料的一般配合力表现为正效应。DNF26-7-1、DNF03-12-2、DNP03-7-1等28份选系偏向于瑞德类群,DNF06-1-1、DNPA4-5-3-2、DN-2-12-1等13份选系偏向于兰卡斯特类群,其杂种优势模式为瑞德×兰卡斯特。18个杂交组合单株产量对照优势为正值,选系DNF14-9-2、DNR11-10-1和DNF26-6-1与HCL645组配的3个组合对照优势表现突出,育种潜力较大。     

欧洲玉米种质BRC选系主要农艺性状的配合力及杂种优势分析

采用NCⅡ遗传交配设计,以分属于5个杂种优势群的自交系昌7-2、DH34、Mo17、郑58和丹988为测验种,与5个欧洲玉米种质BRC选系组配25个杂交组合,分析5个欧洲玉米种质BRC选系的主要农艺性状的配合力及杂种优势。结果表明,自交系BRC-1和BRC-5单株产量及相关性状一般配合力表现较好,在玉米育种中有较大的利用潜力;组合BRC-5×Mo17、BRC-6×DH34和BRC-1×丹988是产量及相关性状特殊配合力综合表现优良的组合;BRC-5×DH34、BRC-1×DH34、BRC-1×丹988、BRC-6×DH34和BRC-1×昌7-2是单株产量总配合力和杂种优势表现突出的组合。BRC种质选系或BRC改良自交系可与旅大红骨、塘四平头、PN78599类群的玉米自交系杂交组配出强优势玉米杂交种。     

Lancaster群体改良自交系株型性状的配合力分析

采用不完全双列杂交,分析8个含有Lancaster血缘的自交系与4大类群代表系中5个自交系的一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)。结果表明：株高、穗位高、茎直径、雄穗长、雄穗分枝的GCA和SCA方差均达极显著水平;一般配合力及小区产量较高的自交系有N305、N575、N583、吉853、丹340、丹988;N575×丹340的总配合力效应值最高,是最好的杂交组合。在供试的8个自交系中,N575、N583、N305与各父本所配杂交组合产量较高,是比较理想的自交系。株型性状间的相关分析表明,株高与穗位高、雄穗长度有较大的正相关,穗位高与茎直径相关性较大。     

高产优质抗病玉米新品种强盛9号选育报告

强盛9号是利用玉米自交系G688作母本,玉米自交系P83作父本杂交组配而成。该品种属中晚熟品种,抗倒伏,抗病,配合力高,子粒大、黄色、马齿型,高抗玉米大、小斑病。平均产量为10912.5kg/hm2,最高产量为15720kg/hm2。     

粳稻新恢复系C4115的选育与应用

C4115是北方杂交粳稻技术工程中心选育的中晚熟粳型新恢复系,具有高配合力、高恢复力、抗性强、高制种产量等优点。所配组合辽优3015高产,米质较优,抗病性强,2003年相继通过辽宁省和国家品种审定。     

不同密度条件下玉米杂种优势及配合力研究

以7个Reid、Lancaster类群自交系为母本,6个旅大红骨、塘四平头和PN类群自交系为父本,按不完全双列杂交组配42个杂交组合,设3种不同密度条件下对单株产量的杂种优势和配合力进行研究。结果表明,在6.0万、7.5万、9.0万株/hm2密度条件下玉米单株产量杂种优势普遍存在,低密度下单株产量杂种优势较高,随密度增加F1杂种优势降低,耐密自交系PH6WC在高密度下F1杂种优势却较高。一般配合力结果表明,Reid系统7923和PN系统666在3种密度条件下均有较高一般配合力效应,稳产性好。PH6WC一般配合力效应随密度增加而提高,说明该自交系更适于密植环境。特殊配合力结果表明,以丹黄34作父本与PH6WC、7923所组配的杂交组合比以8F349作父本与其所组配的杂交组合更耐密植。     

优良玉米自交系郁青858的选育和利用

玉米自交系郁青858配合力高,适应性广,株型紧凑,耐密性强,高抗倒伏,其所配杂交组合表现熟期适中、高产、高抗等优点,适宜在我国黄淮海地区及北方春玉米区推广种植。     

优良早熟玉米自交系KL3及其衍生系利用

自交系KL3是以441×1034为基础材料经多代自交选育而成的优良自交系,是黑龙江省早熟玉米育种的重要自交系,因其抗病性好、抗逆性强、配合力高、农艺性状好、熟期适中而被广泛应用。自交系KL3直接利用选育8个玉米品种,间接利用选育13个玉米品种,社会效益显著。     

不同产量水平的玉米自交系农艺性状分析

采用聚类分析、因子分析、通径分析的方法,对我国常用自交系的农艺性状与单株产量间的关系进行分析。研究影响我国玉米自交系单株产量的主要因子,了解不同产量水平下自交系农艺性状间的关系。结果表明,我国常用66份自交系划分为低产型和高产型两类。不同玉米自交系性状间存在很大差异,同一自交系不同性状间也存在差异,同时筛选出具有不同优良性状的自交系。按方差贡献率大小,对玉米自交系单株产量起重要作用的主因子依次为衰老、叶源量、生物学产量、穗生长势等。千粒重对低产自交系起主要决定作用,行粒数是高产自交系的主要决定因素,穗行数是其主要限制因素。改良自交系应注重主因子的效应,低产自交系主攻千粒重,高产自交系主攻行粒数。     

辽宁省玉米北方炭疽病发生条件与药剂防治

通过温室和田间试验,鉴定品种资源对玉米北方炭疽病的抗病性,研究生育期、播期和种植密度等与病害发生程度之间的关系,并根据田间防治效果筛选化学药剂。结果表明,供试56个自交系在苗期对玉米北方炭疽病抗性分为5个类型,2个自交系表现为免疫,8个自交系表现为高抗,19个自交系表现为抗病,18种自交系表现为中抗,9个自交系表现为感病。成熟期抗性分为4个类型,6个自交系为高抗,25个表现为抗病,23个自交系表现为中抗,2个自交系为感病。抽雄期是发病的关键时期,发病最重;播期对该病害的发生无明显影响,种植密度增加会加重该病害的发生,差异不显著。供试6种药剂均对玉米北方炭疽病有一定的防治效果,扬彩防效最高,甲基托布津次之。     

Use of SSR data to determine relationships and potential heterotic groupings within medium to late maturing Iranian maize inbred lines

Information on germplasm diversity and relationships among elite materials is fundamentally important in crop improvement. The main objectives of our study were to: (1) determine the level of genetic diversity within and relationships among the most commonly used medium to late maturing Iranian maize inbred lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and to (2) suggest heterotic groups among the lines using genetic distance as measured by the SSR markers. Fifty-six inbred lines, which are the most commonly used in maize breeding programs in Iran, and two lines from CIMMYT, Mexico (used as checks) were fingerprinted with 46 SSR markers. A total of 225 alleles were detected. The UPGMA clustering grouped the Iranian inbreds into four clusters (in addition to one group which included only the CIMMYT control lines), which were consistent with the pedigrees or known information about source materials. The highest distance was found between the cluster of Reid Yellow Dent related lines and the cluster of Lancaster Sure Crop related lines, and this pattern has produced some of the highest yielding hybrids in Iran. Other heterotic patterns based on the SSR markers are suggested, but must be field tested to confirm what appears to be promising alternative heterotic patterns.     

20%PEG-6000胁迫下54个玉米自交系苗期抗旱性评价

以54个玉米自交系为材料,利用20%PEG-6000溶液对苗期进行干旱胁迫,考察株高、根冠比等9个指标。通过主成分分析筛选指标,再利用隶属函数法计算出综合抗旱值D,根据D值对他们的耐旱性进行评价和聚类分析。结果表明,K186、K123等7个自交系与郑58聚为一类,属于抗旱自交系;K121、K182等25个自交系与昌7-2聚为一类,为中等抗旱自交系;K101、G2490等20个自交系聚为一类,为干旱敏感型自交系。     

四川省常用玉米自交系“棒三叶”农艺性状聚类分析

根据玉米棒三叶的6个农艺性状对四川省常用自交系进行了聚类分析。结果表明,四川省常用玉米自交系中有许多优异资源,但以棒三叶呈较宽叶片、较大面积、较紧凑型和较大叶面积、低叶绿素含量中间型为主,未出现较长叶片、较大叶面积、较紧凑型和较大叶面积、高叶绿素含量、较紧凑型。说明在理想株型育种中,还需进一步挖掘玉米基因资源,在考虑配合力遗传的同时加强基因重组,培育不断接近理想株型的优异玉米自交系资源。     

丹玉旅系的选育及在我国玉米育种和生产中的作用

丹玉旅系是旅大红骨类群中主要自交系,其代表自交系旅28、旅9、旅9宽、E28、丹340等由于具有高配合力、抗逆性强、适应性广、综合农艺性状优良的特点,被全国各育种单位广泛应用.自70年代以来,用丹玉旅系组配的玉米杂交种面积在6 667 hm²以上的有59个,累计种植面积达3 400万hm²以上,年最大种植面积529.6万hm²,已成为我国玉米育种和生产中重要的种质资源,确立了旅大红骨类群在我国玉米育种与生产上的重要地位,在玉米杂交种生产上起到巨大的推动作用。     

微胚乳超高油玉米主要性状的通径分析

按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ,用6个微胚乳超高油玉米自交系配制了15个组合,对亲本及其杂交组合主要性状的特征特性和通径系数进行了分析。结果表明:大多数性状存在超亲优势;各性状对单穗粒重的直接贡献大小依次为穗粗>穗长>叶片数>百粒重>穗行数>株高,其中穗粗对单穗粒重起主要作用;各性状对成熟期子粒含油率的直接贡献大小依次为胚重比>成熟期蛋白质>乳熟期可溶性糖>单穗粒重>百粒重>胚油比,其中胚重比对成熟期子粒含油率起主要作用。     

Combining ability analysis for Phaeosphaeria leaf spot resistance and grain yield in tropical advanced maize inbred lines

Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) disease (causal agent Phaeosphaeria maydis (Henn.) Rane, Payak & Renfro) of maize is increasing in importance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there is still limited information on the combining ability for disease resistance of the germplasm that are adapted to African environments. Evaluating combining ability effects and their interactions with the environment would provide valuable information that can be used in the development of cultivars that are resistant to PLS. This study was therefore conducted to determine the combining ability, gene action and the relationship between grain yield and PLS disease severity among selected tropical advanced maize inbred lines. Forty five F₁ hybrids were generated by crossing 10 inbred lines in a half diallel mating scheme. The 45 hybrids along with the ten inbred parents were evaluated in four environments, with two replications each between 2007 and 2009. General and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) effects were highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) for PLS, grain yield and days to anthesis. GCA effects accounted for 66–90% and SCA effects for 10–34% of the variation in the hybrids for PLS resistance, grain yield and days to anthesis. This indicated predominance of additive over non-additive gene action for the three traits in these inbred lines. The resistant inbred lines to PLS were A1220-4, N3-2-3-3, CML312, MP18 and CML488. These lines had good combining ability for PLS resistance and contributed towards resistance in their crosses. In general, resistant hybrids involved a susceptible and a resistant parent, where at least one of the parents had a negative GCA effect. In addition, lines A1220-4 and CML312 contributed towards high yield and were late maturing. Inbred line CZL00009 conferred genes for early maturity. Linear regression analysis indicated that grain yield of maize was suppressed by about 250 kg ha⁻¹ per each increase in PLS disease severity score, underscoring the need to control the disease. Significant (P < 0.01), negative correlations (r = −0.29 to −0.43) between grain yield and PLS severity were also detected. This showed the potential of PLS to reduce yield when favourable conditions for disease development are present. By and large, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection. Although non-additive effects were small (±10%), observation of dominance effects which were associated with reduced disease levels in some hybrids may be exploited in developing single cross maize hybrids among these inbreds when one parent is resistant.     

玉米Non-Reid群产量因素遗传改良效果及杂种优势和配合力分析

以No-Reid优良自交系PH4CV、PHB1M为基础材料,采用DH技术和常规技术方法,经过两轮改良,育成4个改良系,以4个改良系及PH4CV、PHB1M为父本,5个Reid优良自交系为母本,作5×6不完全双列杂交,设置3个密度梯度,研究单株产量的遗传增益、杂种优势及配合力。结果表明,第二轮改良系J1881,在3个密度下单株产量遗传增益高于原基础系和第一轮改良自交系;第一轮改良系J9D207、J1577遗传增益高于原始基础系。3种密度梯度下,4个改良系与Reid自交系单株产量杂种优势普遍存在,杂种优势最高的组合为J1590×J9D207、J1590×J1881。3个密度下,第二轮改良系J1881均有较高一般配合力,稳产性较好。