利用扇形喷头进行棉花行间除草试验

利用扇形喷头于棉花生育中期进行行间除草具有精确效果,对棉花不产生药害。且雾滴细,附着度高,喷雾质量好,药液不易流失入土从而环保,防效和工效均比常规切向离心式喷头高,且除草安全。     

“三个一”喷雾法效果明显

“三个一”喷雾法为一种低容量喷雾方法,即将工农—16型手动背负式喷雾器的喷头孔径改成1mm,用一背包药液(13kg)喷一亩茶园,简称“三个一”喷雾法。 1988年,浙江省临安县玲珑区     

热院—30型高扬程喷雾机的研制及应用

在丰收—30型担架式喷粉机的基础上,通过改变风机叶轮叶片的角度,增配汽油机功率输出传动轴和微型输液泵,同时采用加长喷管和特殊雾化器(超低容量喷头)设计出一种新的喷雾机——热院—30型高扬程喷雾机。该机既可进行常规(低容量)喷雾,又可进行超低容量喷雾。射程高度可达16～17m,满足了防治高大乔木病虫害的要求。     

摇臂式喷头的主要水力参数及其影响因素

茶园采用喷灌装置,要选择一种好的喷头,既要要求机械性能好,即结构简单,工作可靠;又要求其水力性能好,也就是能满足喷灌的主要技术要求。因而喷头的设计和科学的管理都需要了解影响这些水力参数(射程,喷洒均匀度和水滴直径)的因素,以便在实践中根据需要调节或选择这些水力参数,使之符合生产的要求。 一、影响喷头射程的因素 喷头的射程主要决定于工作压力和流量,但其影响因素很多,诸如喷头仰角、喷嘴形状、喷体结构、稳流器、旋转速度。粉碎机构以及风向风速等,都可以不同程度地影响其工作效果。现就几项主要因素分析如下。     

喷雾器喷头常见故障及排除方法

喷雾器喷头的类型较多，下面介绍摇臂式和蜗轮蜗杆式喷头常见的故障及排除方法。     

药液表面张力与喷雾方法对雾滴在水稻植株上沉积的影响

 以生物染料丽春红-G为示踪剂,采用比色法分析了药液表面张力及喷雾方法对雾滴在水稻植株上沉积的影响。结果表明,分蘖期、孕穗期、扬花期水稻叶片的临界表面张力值分别为34.46、34.36和34.33 mN/m。与喷洒清水对照相比,3个水稻生育期内喷洒添加有100 mg/L TX-10的丽春红-G溶液,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积率均有不同程度的增加,其中,手动喷雾器压顶喷雾分别增加了80.85%、29.80%和22.61%;弥雾机喷头下倾喷雾分别增加了50.83%、18.48%和31.07%。在相同的水稻生育期,喷洒相同表面张力的药液,弥雾机喷头下倾喷雾单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积率均显著高于弥雾机漂移喷雾和手动喷雾器压顶喷雾。在稻田喷雾中,利用表面活性剂降低药液表面张力和采用弥雾机施药有助于提高雾滴在水稻植株上的沉积率。     

影响棉花化学打顶施药机车喷雾效果与产量的多因素分析

施药机车喷雾效果对化学打顶剂在棉花上的沉积分布性能及产量起决定性作用。开展对机力牵引式喷药机在不同作业、喷雾压力及喷雾距离下的喷雾效果进行试验研究,应用正交分析方法分析了各因素对喷雾效果与产量的影响。结果表明:喷头至棉花顶尖距离20cm,喷雾压力0.4 MPa,喷药机作业速度4km·h-1时,顶部叶片雾化效果优,打净率92%,产量为6255kg·hm-2,打药机车作业效果最好,经济效益最高。     

手动吹雾技术及其在茶园上的应用

在茶园中,传统的施药方法是用工农-16型背负式或工农-36型担架式喷雾器进行常量喷雾,这些喷雾方法都是液力式雾化,所采用的雾化器均为切向离心式涡流芯喷头,所产生的雾滴直径较粗,沉降较快,在茶树树冠层作水平扩散分布较难,因此,每亩用液量多达75～125公斤。农药用量较多,耗工大,防治成本高,而且容易造成对环境污染和破坏生态平衡。近年来,发展了低容量和超低容量的施药方法。     

过滤杯的改进结构

技术领域:本实用新型涉及一种方便茶杯,特别是涉及一种能够过滤茶叶的过滤杯。背景技术:目前很多杯子都是由一端开口的各式杯体和杯盖组成,没有过滤体,这些杯子一般只用来装白开水、纯净水等无需过滤的纯液体物质。但随着生活水平的提高,人们已经不满足于仅仅喝白开水了,     

科技简讯

低容量喷雾在茶树害虫防治中的作用假眼小绿叶蝉是浙江省临海市茶树害虫防治的主要对象之一。为了解决大容量喷雾存在的问题,提高防冶的工作效率,1990年,在沙衣辽茶场采用蜻蜒26型3MF弥雾机和“三个一”(喷头孔径1mm,1背包药液,喷1亩面积)低容量喷雾法防治茶树害虫取得了     

Effect of the nozzle adaptor of sprayer calibrator on flow rate measurements

To ensure the proper use of plant protection products, the European Directive 2009/128/CE requires sprayer inspection throughout Europe. The required tests and methods for inspection of agricultural sprayers are outlined in the European Standard EN 13790: 2003 in which nozzle flow rate measurement is one of the main requirements. Currently, most of the sprayer inspection workshops are equipped with a nozzle flow rate measurement device which consists of air-tight nozzle adaptors connected to 2-3 m hoses which discharge to a bank of graduated cylinders. However, these adaptors block the air holes of the air-induction nozzles, disrupt the spray atomization and change nozzle output. The main objective of this study was to investigate the variation of nozzle flow rate due to the use of air-tight adaptors. A series of nozzle flow rate measurements were made using different kinds of nozzle adaptors with various sizes of air induction, extended range and Turbo TeeJet^® nozzles.The use of air-tight nozzle adaptors increased the flow rates of air induction and extended range nozzles. Plugging the air holes of air-induction nozzles increased the flow rate. The increase in flow rate decreased with nozzle pressure. Overall, the magnitude of the flow rate increase depended on the nozzle type but remained constant for all of the same type. These differences should be accounted for in sprayer calibration.     

Effects of spray adjuvants on swath patterns and droplet spectra for a flat-fan hydraulic nozzle

The effects of seven agricultural adjuvants and two polymeric drift retardants on the distribution of spray were compared with water applied through a multiple nozzle boom. Similarly, the effects on droplet spectra from a single XR80004VS nozzle operating at 276 kPa (40 p.s.i.) were compared. Except for two adjuvants, swath pattern relative to water was significantly altered. With one exception, droplet spectra parameters relative to water were shifted to both smaller and larger frequency distributions. The polymers, whether sprayed alone or in mixture, had the greatest effect on swath pattern. The polymers sprayed alone had the greatest effect on droplet spectra, but the mixtures gave a more variable response. Swath patterns and droplet spectra derived using water are not, therefore, representative when spraying pesticides with adjuvants. Dynamic surface tension (DST) and viscosity at high shear rates were measured for all spray solutions. Analysis to determine the feasibility of predicting quality of swath pattern and various spray spectra parameters (e.g. VMD, NMD) showed that the interaction between the two physicochemical parameters and the results of atomization are complex. DST and viscosity were poor predictors when applied to the mixtures of polymers and conventional adjuvants tested.     

用喷气-环锭和喷气-络筒技术减少麻纱线毛羽的研究

喷气-环锭和喷气-络筒是一种简单、低成本的减少纱线毛羽的新方法。我们对其进行理论和实验研究。采用数值模拟的方法，对毛羽在喷嘴内的运动进行模拟，说明了利用喷嘴减少毛羽的机理。根据数值模拟的结果，我们预测了喷嘴参数对减少毛羽的影响，并以麻纱为对象，用实验的方法研究了喷气-环锭和喷气-络筒技术对减少纱线毛羽的效果以及参数影响，实验与理论研究的结果相符。     

浓香花生油微孔过滤板精滤脱胶除磷技术研究

以解决浓香花生油脱胶除磷技术难题、规范行业管理和促进产业化发展为目的,通过精心设计和实验筛选,探索出一种纯物理脱胶技术——微孔过滤板精滤脱胶除磷技术。该技术既可脱胶,又能除去微型杂质和磷脂,将油脂中的胶质降低至合理的范围,不仅提升油脂的品质,又有效保持浓香花生油原有的色香味,属国内首创,值得推广应用。     

The effect of orifice shape and the injection pressure on enhancement of the atomization process for pressure-swirl atomizers

The following paper presents results of studies on the atomization process of water in pressure-swirl atomizers with different shapes of orifice using a laser diffraction technique. The effect of the shape of the orifice and the injection pressure on the droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameters was analyzed. The results obtained showed that droplet size decreases with an increasing injection pressure and droplet size distributions are expanded. The smallest droplet diameters were obtained by atomization in profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers, however the largest droplet diameters were achieved for plain orifice atomizers. The analysis of the interfacial surface produced by the atomizers has shown that the greater enhancement of the atomization process had occurred using profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers compared with plain orifice atomizers. The correlation for the Sauter mean diameter as a function of the Reynolds number and the ratio of orifice length to diameter has been proposed. The paper is related to agricultural water management. The data obtained are important from the point of view of the design of atomizers, agricultural treatments and crop protection.     

局部发热过程中进口大豆品质劣变规律研究

进口大豆在海上运输及储藏的过程中,容易因环境温湿度变化使得大豆局部含水量升高,从而引起局部发热,导致品质劣变。本文采用120 kg含水量16%和含杂量50%大豆局部包埋的方式,室温下常规储藏,模拟探究其局部发热条件及品质变化。结果表明：水分含量高的大豆更容易发热,对品质变化影响较大,包埋水分含量为20%的大豆在储藏21 d后,粗脂肪含量下降了0.95个百分点,酸价上升了4.36 mg?g^-1,总不饱和脂肪酸含量下降了0.92%,蛋白持水性下降了1.09 g·g^-1,持油性上升了0.78 g·g^-1,乳化活性指数和乳化稳定性分别增加了3.38 m²·g^-1和2.59%。而包埋120 kg含水量16%的大豆和包埋120 kg含杂量50%的大豆发热慢,发热温度较低,大豆粗脂肪、蛋白品质指标变化趋势相似,但是变化幅度较小。     

新型茶园管理机的农药雾滴沉积特性及田间药效评价

为评估3CG-45型茶园管理机的喷雾性能,本试验利用水敏纸测试了该机器的雾滴雾化效果,利用诱惑红水溶液作为示踪剂研究该机器的雾滴沉积分布,并进行了田间药效评价试验。结果表明,3CG-45型茶园管理机的雾滴细,单位面积内雾滴数多于常规背负式喷雾器,茶树1/2高度正面45°处,3CG-45型茶园管理机的雾滴在水敏纸上印痕直径为(300.24±157.23)μm,雾滴密度为(141.25±23.85)个·cm~(-2)。雾滴在茶树上部、中部、下部及地表的诱惑红沉积量分别为(0.64±0.14)μg·cm~(-2)、(0.20±0.05)μg·cm~(-2)、(0.18±0.03)μg·cm~(-2)和(0.14±0.02)μg·cm~(-2)。田间药效试验结果显示,3CG-45型茶园管理机在农药剂量减少的情况下,防治效果仍然高于常规背负式喷雾器,适用于茶园病虫害喷雾防治。     

Feature of air classification product in wheat milling: Physicochemical,rheological properties of filter flour

Wheat filter flours are by-products obtained from air-classification of wheat flour. Physicochemical and rheological properties of wheat filter flours were investigated in the present study. Average values of crude protein, gluten, lipid and damaged starch content of filter flours were higher than those of standard flours for the same batch. The positive correlation of particles with size <20 μm and damaged starch was found. Moreover, the filter flours had higher water absorption, stability time except head milling filter flour samples. Short peak time and low peak viscosity were also observed. Different composition of wheat filter flours may be an important factor influencing its properties. This study is very useful for exploring the utilization of wheat filter flours in the food industry.     

Fabrication of nanofibers with ultrahigh production by a facile high pressure air-jet atomized electrospinning

A novel method named as high pressure air-jet atomized electrospinning was proposed to prepare nanofibers with ultrahigh production. The spinning solution with lower concentration and viscosity was cutted into micron-sized droplets by a 700 mesh filter in the front of nozzle and then was crushed and atomized into massive smaller droplets, which were drawn into nanofibers directly under the electric force and airflow force. Flow field under different air pressure was simulated to study its effect on the formation of nanofibers. The airflow showed the minimum pressure and maximum velocity at a location 2 cm away from the spray nozzle, where small droplets cutted were crushed and atomized into massive smaller droplets by the converging airflow. The velocity and distribution region of the airflow increased with increasing air pressure. It showed a smaller diameter of 150 nm and ultrahigh production of 75.6 g/h for nanofibers prepared based on this novel method at the air pressure of 0.8 MPa. The production of nanofibers almost reached thousands of times of that from conventional needle electrospinning.