人参有效成分及其药理作用研究新进展

人参是我国的名贵药材,随着对人参研究的深入和发展,其化学成分及其药理作用已逐渐阐明。它的化学成分具有复杂特性,生物活性、药理活性亦很广泛,疗效显著。本文主要对人参皂苷,以及人参对中枢神经系统、心脑血管系统、免疫功能机制、抗肿瘤和抗衰老等药理作用进行归纳总结,以利于我们今后对人参更好的开展广泛的科学研究和临床应用。     

吉林长白山人参单体皂苷作用解析

长白山人参素有百草之王，是我国人参的主脉。其功能和药理作用主要体现在其皂苷，根据相关资料整理出吉林长白山人参的皂苷分类的同时指出各单体皂苷的功能和药理作用，供科研和人参产业项目开发参考。     

金银花药理作用的研究进展及应用

对金银花的药理作用进行了综述,深入研究金银花的化学成分及各类成分的药理活性,对进一步的临床应用具有重要的指导意义。此外,金银花药理作用多样,化学成分复杂,对于金银花的药理作用还有待进一步研究。     

人参的新成分、新活性和质量规范化研究

人参为五加科 (Ａｒａｌｉａｃｅａｅ)人参属植物 ,主要分布在我国东北地区。人参具有多方面的药理作用 ,是传统的名贵中药之一。我们对人参进行了植物化学 ,皂苷的碱降解 ,半合成 ,质量标准 ,部分皂苷的代谢化学、药理学和构效关系等多方面的系统研究 ,先后完成了五个国家课题。对人参根、根茎、茎叶及花的化学成分进行分析 ,得到 4 6个化合物 ,发现了 17种新化合物 ,其中 16种属新人参皂苷类。在新发现的人参皂苷中 ,有的含有特殊的结构母核 ,如人参皂苷 -Ｌａ和人参皂苷 -Ｒｈ9有一七元醚环并合在母核的ＣＤ环上 ,有的具有较强的抗癌活性…     

驴蹄草属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

驴蹄草属植物中富含黄酮类、生物碱类及三萜类等成分,具有免疫调节、抗炎、抑制脂肪酶活性等药理作用,具有较大的药用价值和广阔的应用前景。为进一步开发利用驴蹄草属植物,本文总结了它们在资源分布、化学成分和药理作用等方面的研究成果,发现:①对驴蹄草属植物的研究主要集中在驴蹄草上,对其他种研究较少;②对驴蹄草属植物药理作用的研究匮乏,并且没有阐明其作用机制的研究报道。总体来说,对驴蹄草属植物的研究仅仅处于起步阶段,该属植物的化学成分和药理作用仍有巨大的研究空间。本文为驴蹄草属植物资源的开发利用和药效物质基础的研究提供参考。     

西洋参中皂苷类成分的研究

西洋参(Panax qlainquefolius L．)系五加科人参属植物，原产于加拿大和美国，由于其具有广泛的生物活性和独特的药理作用，多年来一直深受世界各国人民的喜爱。西洋参中的化学成分比较复杂，包括皂苷类、挥发油类、氨基酸类、糖类和聚炔类等，但主要是皂苷类成分。人类对西洋参的研究可追溯到19世纪，早在1854年美国一学者便从西洋参中分离得到了第一个皂苷类成分，但对西洋参全面深入的研究却始于20世纪70年代。     

东北刺人参的化学成分药理作用及食用价值的研究进展

对东北刺人参的化学成分、药理作用和食用价值进行综述。     

天胡荽属植物的化学成分及其药理作用综述

对伞形科天胡荽亚科天胡荽属植物的化学成分和药理作用进行综述。     

龙牙楤木的化学成分、药理作用和食用价值研究进展

对龙牙楤木的化学成分、药理作用和食用价值进行综述取。     

三肋果属植物化学成分与药理作用研究进展

三肋果属是菊科的一个属,全球分布有38种,该属植物富含黄酮类、甾醇类及挥发油等化学成分,同时具有抑制胆碱酯酶和葡萄糖苷酶、抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌等药理作用。本文总结了三肋果属植物在资源分布、化学成分和药理作用等方面的研究报道,以期为该属植物进一步的研究和开发提供依据。     

Efficient discrimination of oat and pea roots by cluster analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra

Understanding belowground competition of plants requires a simple method for species identification of plant roots. This study investigates Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)-attenuated total reflexion (ATR) spectroscopy followed by cluster analysis for the discrimination of pea and oat roots. Pea and oat plants were grown under various conditions – in moist paper, soil-compost mixture, soil, in the greenhouse and field – to enhance the intra-species variability of their chemical composition. FTIR-ATR spectra of young-to-old roots from four independent experiments were recorded and represent, like a fingerprint, the chemical sample composition such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. To group the spectra according to their spectral similarity in a dendrogram, cluster analysis was performed. The experimental approach discriminated pea and oat roots 100% successfully. The perfect discrimination of pea and oat roots, even from intercropped plants, strikingly demonstrates the potential of the method.     

中国特色民族药刺芫荽研究进展

刺芫荽又名刺芹，是一种药、蔬两用植物，具有芳香健胃、行气止痛、驱风解表等功效。在傣族、景颇族、佤族等少数民族中具有悠久的应用历史，在食品和药品行业极具开发应用潜力。综述刺芫荽的资源分布，化学成分、繁殖方式、栽培管理等方面的相关研究，为刺芫荽资源的可持续开发利用提供理论依据。     

Chemical variation in essential oil of Cryptomeria fortunei from various areas of China

Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Cryptomeria fortunei from the principal habitats in China. The essential oil yields of samples from various locations ranged from 0.61 to 1.66% (w/w). GC-MS analysis revealed eighty-seven compounds, constituting 85.89-94.75% of the total essential oils. The main constituents were kaurene (0-44.69%), phyllocladene (0.07-32.98%), kaur-16-ene (0-32.28%), elemol (5.28-18.92%), α-cadinol (0-11.39%), α-eudesmol (0-11.21%), α-pinene (2.32-9.15%). The samples were separated into 3 chemotypes by hierarchical cluster analysis, according to the composition of the corresponding essential oils. Chemical composition of essential oils was significantly related to nine geographic distributions among populations. Our results revealed chemical polymorphism in the essential oils of the C. fortunei leaf in China. The chemical variability could be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. The chemical diversity of the oils offers opportunity to choose C. fortunei leaves and essential oils with preferential compound for green plant protection, pharmaceutical, perfume and food industries.     

不同前作土壤对烤烟生长和化学成分影响的研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同前作土壤在相同条件下对烤烟生长和根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性以及烟叶化学成分的影响。结果表明:前茬作物为水稻和油菜的土壤对烤烟生长具有明显的促进作用,并使其烟叶化学成分的协同性得到明显改善;而前茬作物为烤烟的土壤对促进烤烟生长的效果不如前茬作物为水稻和油菜的明显,且其烟叶化学成分指标明显变差;而前茬作物为玉米的土壤,不仅明显抑制了烤烟的生长,而且对其烟叶化学成分的协同性也产生了不良影响。     

Seaweed Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides: Extraction,Purification, and Applications

Seaweeds are industrially exploited for obtaining pigments, polysaccharides, or phenolic compounds with application in diverse fields. Nevertheless, their rich composition in fiber, minerals, and proteins, has pointed them as a useful source of these components. Seaweed proteins are nutritionally valuable and include several specific enzymes, glycoproteins, cell wall-attached proteins, phycobiliproteins, lectins, or peptides. Extraction of seaweed proteins requires the application of disruptive methods due to the heterogeneous cell wall composition of each macroalgae group. Hence, non-protein molecules like phenolics or polysaccharides may also be co-extracted, affecting the extraction yield. Therefore, depending on the macroalgae and target protein characteristics, the sample pretreatment, extraction and purification techniques must be carefully chosen. Traditional methods like solid–liquid or enzyme-assisted extraction (SLE or EAE) have proven successful. However, alternative techniques as ultrasound- or microwave-assisted extraction (UAE or MAE) can be more efficient. To obtain protein hydrolysates, these proteins are subjected to hydrolyzation reactions, whether with proteases or physical or chemical treatments that disrupt the proteins native folding. These hydrolysates and derived peptides are accounted for bioactive properties, like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or antihypertensive activities, which can be applied to different sectors. In this work, current methods and challenges for protein extraction and purification from seaweeds are addressed, focusing on their potential industrial applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.     

Microalgae Encapsulation Systems for Food,Pharmaceutical and Cosmetics Applications

Microalgae are microorganisms with a singular biochemical composition, including several biologically active compounds with proven pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. These properties make microalgae an interesting natural resource to be used as a functional ingredient, as well as in the prevention and treatment of diseases, or cosmetic formulations. Nevertheless, natural bioactives often possess inherent chemical instability and/or poor solubility, which are usually associated with low bioavailability. As such, their industrial potential as a health-promoting substance might be severely compromised. In this context, encapsulation systems are considered as a promising and emerging strategy to overcome these shortcomings due to the presence of a surrounding protective layer. Diverse systems have already been reported in the literature for natural bioactives, where some of them have been successfully applied to microalgae compounds. Therefore, this review focuses on exploring encapsulation systems for microalgae biomass, their extracts, or purified bioactives for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic purposes. Moreover, this work also covers the most common encapsulation techniques and types of coating materials used, along with the main findings regarding the beneficial effects of these systems.     

Chemical composition and profile characterisation of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed oil

Seeds of a Tunisian variety (Béjaoui) of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) were analysed for their main chemical composition and for their oil properties. Expressed on dry weight basis, seed moisture was 8.46%, whereas contents of proteins, fibre, ash, fat, and total sugars established at 33.92%, 3.97%, 21.97%, 31.57%, and 0.11% respectively. Gas chromatography revealed that the major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids (44.11%, 34.77%, and 15.97% respectively). Seed oil was also found to be rich in tocopherols with a predominance of δ-tocopherol (42.27%). The sterol marker β-sisosterol accounted for 39.6% of total sterols contained in seed oil of this variety. Six phenolic acids (protocatechuic, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic) were detected, the syringic acid being predominant (7.96 mg/100 g). As a whole, based on its seed oil features, pumpkin may be considered as a valuable source for new multi-purpose products for industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical utilisation.     

人参皂苷的构效关系研究进展

本文收集了132种从人参、西洋参和三七的根、叶和花蕾中分离出来的化合物,并依据其化学结构分成了19类,并分别描述了这些化合物的生物活性。     

咖啡碱和蛋白质对酯型儿茶素氧化形成TFDG的影响

对咖啡碱（CAF）和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）在双酯型茶黄素形成中的影响进行了研究分析。结果表明,咖啡碱和牛血清白蛋白对TFDG的形成均有明显的抑制作用,而且相同条件下,牛血清白蛋白和咖啡碱表现出相似的抑制作用。当牛血清蛋白与咖啡碱同在一个化学氧化反应体系中时,表现出随浓度不同而呈现复杂的竞争或协同作用。