共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 562 毫秒
1.
Biochar is believed to have positive impact on soil properties and plant yield. Due to the presence of C, it can also enhance CH4 emission in paddy soils. On the other hand, ammonium sulphate can decrease CH4 emission due to negative impacts on methanogenesis. Keeping these points in view, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of biochar along with ammonium sulphate on CH4 and N2O emission from paddy soil. Analysis revealed that biochar treated soils released more CH4 compared to untreated. Ammonium sulphate treated soil emitted the highest N2O whereas biochar addition decreased its emission significantly. Further, total emission was found to be higher for CH4 (16.9–34.7 g/m2) in comparison to N2O (?0.05 to 0.02 g/m2) for all treatments. Biochar application has positive impact on plant variables such as panicle number and weight of panicles. This study suggests that biochar application significantly decrease N2O emission and increase CH4 emission possibly due to affecting the availability of organic C in the soil to microbial activity for methanogenesis. Another possibility for enhancing CH4 emission by following biochar could be attributed to the increase in plant biomass. 相似文献
2.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of rice husk biochar on selected soil physical properties, rice growth, including root extension, and methane (CH4) emissions from paddy field soil. Three replication experiments were conducted using outdoor pot experiments utilizing commercial rice husk biochar mixed with paddy soil at a rate of 0 (control), 2, and 4 % (weight biochar/weight soil) in which the rice was cultivated for 100 days under a continuously flooded condition. The physical properties of soils were analyzed before and after the growing periods. Some parameters of rice growth and CH4 emissions of paddy soils were monitored weekly during the experiment. Root extension was also analyzed after harvesting. The experiments showed that the application of rice husk biochar improved the physical properties of paddy soils. It led to a decrease in bulk density and an increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity, including the total pore volume as well as the available soil water content. The shoot height of rice plants was significantly higher in soil amended with 4 % biochar than that in the control soil. However, other plant growth parameters and root extension were only slightly affected by the application. It was also found that amending soil with biochar led to a reduction of the total CH4 emissions by 45.2 and 54.9 % for an application rate of 2 and 4 %, respectively, compared with the control. Our results showed that the higher the application rate, the stronger the effect of biochar was observed. More research is still necessary for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. 相似文献
3.
S.M. Haefele Y. KonboonW. Wongboon S. AmaranteA.A. Maarifat E.M. PfeifferC. Knoblauch 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(3):430-440
Although crop residues constitute an enormous resource, actual residue management practices in rice-based systems have various negative side effects and contribute to global warming. The concept of a combined bioenergy/biochar system could tackle these problems in a new way. Rice residues would be used for energy production, thereby reducing field burning and the use of fossil fuels, and the biochar by-product could help to improve soils, avoid methane emissions, and sequester carbon in soils. To examine some of these promises, we conducted field experiments from 2005 to 2008 in three different rice production systems. Objectives were to study the effect of biochar from rice husks on soil characteristics, assess the stability of carbonized rice residues in these different systems, and evaluate the agronomic effect of biochar applications. The results showed that application of untreated and carbonized rice husks (RH and CRH) increased total organic carbon, total soil N, the C/N ratio, and available P and K. Not significant or small effects were observed for soil reaction, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, and the CEC. On a fertile soil, the high C/N ratio of CRH seemed to have limited N availability, thereby slightly reducing grain yields in the first three seasons after application. On a poor soil, where the crop also suffered from water stress, soil chemical and physical improvements increased yields by 16-35%. Together with a parallel study including methane and CO2 emission measurements at one site, the results strongly suggest that CRH is very stable in various rice soils and systems, possibly for thousands of years. However, the study also showed that CRH was very mobile in some soils. Especially in poor sandy soil, about half of the applied carbon seemed to have moved below 0.30 m in the soil profile within 4 years after application. We concluded that biochar from rice residues can be beneficial in rice-based systems but that actual effects on soil fertility, grain yield, and soil organic carbon will depend on site-specific conditions. Long-term studies on biochar in field trials seem essential to better understand biochar effects and to investigate its behavior in soils. 相似文献
4.
土壤铜含量对水稻根系的影响及其与产量的关系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在盆栽土培条件下,以武香粳14为供试品种,研究了土壤铜含量对水稻根系生长和根系活性的影响及其与产量的关系。结果表明:1) 土壤铜处理对水稻根系的生长具有明显的抑制作用,土壤铜含量越高,对根系生长的抑制作用越大,粉砂土、壤土条件下表现一致;2) 较低的土壤铜含量对水稻分蘖期单位干质量根系的α 萘胺(α NA)氧化力、基于单位鲜质量的根系玉米素(Z) + 玉米素核苷(ZR)的含量影响不大,较高的土壤铜含量则使基于单位质量的根系活性显著低于对照;3) 随着土壤铜含量的提高,拔节前生长的根系比例减少、拔节后生长的根系比例增加、抽穗期基于单位根干质量的根系α NA氧化力显著提高;4) 土壤铜处理对水稻单株根系活性有极显著影响,土壤铜含量越高,分蘖期和抽穗期的单株根系α NA氧化力越小;5) 土壤铜处理使水稻产量显著低于对照,且随着土壤铜含量的提高产量的下降幅度显著增大,粉砂土、壤土条件下表现一致;6) 抽穗期的单株根干质量、单株根系α NA氧化力与水稻产量均呈极显著的线性正相关,相关系数分别为095**和097**。 相似文献
5.
6.
生物炭对双季水稻产量、养分吸收和土壤性状的残留效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
生物炭对改良酸性土壤质量和提高作物产量具有重要作用。本研究以常规稻中嘉早17(早稻)和杂交稻五优308(晚稻)为供试品种,于2015年开始设置不施生物炭(C0)和一次性施用生物炭20 t/hm^2(C20)处理,以阐明施用生物炭3年后对双季稻产量、养分吸收和土壤性状的残留效应。结果表明,与C0处理相比,C20处理显著提高双季早稻产量,但对晚稻产量无显著影响;C20处理显著提高早、晚稻钾素吸收,对早稻氮素和磷素吸收有增加的趋势,但未达显著水平。试验进行4年后,C20处理显著提高土壤有机质含量和pH值。因此,在本试验中的酸性红壤上一次性施用生物炭后的第4年,生物炭仍然对双季水稻产量和土壤肥力具有提升效应。 相似文献
7.
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the role of boron (B) application at different growth stages in improving the growth,yield and net economic return of rice at farmer’s fields during summer season,2009.Boron was soil applied (1.5 kg/hm2) at the transplanting,tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice;foliar applied (1.5% B solution) at the tillering,flowering and grain formation stages of rice,and dipped seedling roots in 1.5% B solution before transplanting;while control plots did not apply any B.Boron application (except dipping of seedling roots in B solution,which caused toxicity and reduced the number of tillers and straw yield than control) substantially improved the rice growth and yield.However,soil application was better in improving the number of grains per panicle,1000-grain weight,grain yield,harvest index,net economic income and ratio of benefit to cost compared with the rest of treatments.Overall,for improving rice performance and maximizing the net economic returns,B might be applied as soil application at flowering. 相似文献
8.
施磷对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育及产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在膜下滴灌条件下,以粳稻品种T-43为材料,研究了水溶性磷肥施用量对水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,在施磷量(P2O5)0~156 kg/hm^2范围内,水稻的株高、叶片数随着施磷量增加而上升;以施磷量130kg/hm^2处理的有效分蘖数、有效穗数、穗长、主茎实粒数、分蘖实粒数、千粒重和产量最高;当施磷量达到156kg/hm^2时,有效分蘖数及产量构成因素则呈下降趋势。说明膜下滴灌水稻水溶性磷肥施用有其适宜值,过量施用不仅低产低效,还可能增加土壤环境污染。 相似文献
9.
10.
Yield formation and tillering dynamics of direct-seeded rice in flooded and nonflooded soils in the Huai River Basin of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jing Yan Jun Yu Guang Can Tao Jan Vos B.A.M. Bouman Guang Hui Xie Holger Meinke 《Field Crops Research》2010
Water shortage in the Huai River Basin prompts farmers to adopt water-saving technologies such as direct-seeded nonflooded or aerobic rice. Different cultivation practices impact on tiller growth and development. Improved insight into tiller dynamics is needed to increase yield in these production systems. We conducted field experiments with four direct-seeded rice varieties under flooded and nonflooded conditions in Mengcheng county, Anhui province, in 2005–2006. The soil water content in the nonflooded treatment varied between saturation and field capacity. Yields in nonflooded soil ranged from 3.6 to 4.7 t ha−1, and did not differ significantly from yields in flooded soil that ranged from 3.6 to 5.1 t ha−1. Variety had a significant effect on biomass, yield, panicle number, spikelet number, grain weight, and grain filling percentage. Panicle number was the main factor limiting yield, resulting from a low tiller emergence frequency and a low fraction of productive tillers in both the flooded and the nonflooded soils. On average, the panicle number was 159–232 m−2, including 34–167 productive tillers per m2 for all the varieties under the two water regimes. The contribution of productive tillers to yield varied between 7% and 47%. There were two peaks of tillers that contributed to yield, one at the low (4th or 5th) and one at the high (10th or 11th) phytomer orders. Frequencies of tiller emergence at most phytomer orders were higher in the flooded soil than in the nonflooded soil. There were no significant differences in frequencies of productive tiller emergence and contributions to yield from tillers between the soil water regimes for three of the four tested varieties. To increase yield in direct-seeded nonflooded rice production systems, both the tiller emergence frequency and the fraction of productive tillers should increase through breeding, improved crop management, or a combination. 相似文献
11.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):271-277
AbstractThe effects of different methods of fertilization on rice uptake and recovery of nitrogen were studied using 15N-lablled chicken manure (CM) and ammonium sulfate (AS). The results showed that the application method of totally basal dressing of organic and inorganic fertilizers can increase the N uptake by rice from the fertilizers. The N uptake from CM was obviously higher than that from AS. The N partitioning to rice grain was also higher than other application methods. The effect on increasing yield was obviously higher than the method of application of chemical fertilizers only. This method had such benefits as increasing N use efficiency, increasing N residue in soil and reducing N loss. High rice yield can be obtained while the soil fertility can be maintained with this method. So it is an effective and practical method of fertilization technique thus can be recommended to rice growers. 相似文献
12.
Shinichi Koyama 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(2):176-182
Rice husk charcoal (RC) produced from the pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) can be one of the cost-effective biochars for use in rice-based farming systems. This study investigated changes in rice yield and soil carbon sequestration over three years of RC application to an Andosol paddy field. The treatments were RC application at 0.02, 0.2, and 2 kg m?2 (RC0.02, RC0.2, and RC2, respectively), RH application at 0.2 kg m?2 (RH0.2), and a control with no RC or RH application (CONT). The results showed that RC2 increased culm length by 4% and straw weight by 14% on average over the three years. These increases in plant growth coincided with a higher level of silicon uptake by the rice plants, although they did not significantly affect grain yield. The soil carbon content was progressively increased by RC2 over the three years, whereas it was not significantly affected by RC0.02 or RC0.2. A considerable amount (>72%) of the applied carbon with RC2 remained in the soil by taking account of its downward movement below the 10 cm layer of the paddy field after three consecutive years of RC application. We conclude that rice husk charcoal application to Andosol paddy fields is an effective option for increasing carbon sequestration. Furthermore, the increase in silicon uptake by rice plants suggests that rice husk charcoal can also be functioning as a silicon fertilizer. 相似文献
13.
生态肥与化肥配施对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过田间试验研究了“绿营高TM”生态肥与化肥不同比例配施对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响。配施绿营高生态肥各处理分蘖增长平缓,成穗率高,而对照(单施化肥)分蘖前期分蘖发生快,无效分蘖多。生态肥与化肥配施各处理灌浆期叶面积指数和干物质积累量明显高于对照,使汕优63增产6.40%~953%,秀水63增产6.70%~952%,差异均达5%显著水平,不同配施处理间产量差异不显著。汕优63和秀水63生态肥配施各处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥回收效率均显著高于对照,表明合理配施生态肥可以促进水稻健壮生长,中后期可提供较多的养分,增加灌浆期绿叶面积,促进光合产物向籽粒转运,增加干物质产量和稻谷产量,而且还可以减少氮肥施用量,提高氮肥利用效率。 相似文献
14.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):260-267
AbstractAggregate sheath spot (AgSS), a disease caused by Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, is one of the major rice (Oryza sativa L.) diseases in California. A three year study was initiated in 1998 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertility on the severity of AgSS. A field with a history of AgSS was divided in two: in one the straw was incorporated and in the other the straw was removed. Rice was fertilized annually with five rates of N ranging from 0 to 200 kg ha-1 (main plot) and six rates of K ranging from 0 to 125 kg ha-1 (sub-plot). Soil K levels in both fields declined over time and by the third year, soil K was below the critical level of 60 μg K g-1 soil in both fields. There was a grain yield response to K fertilizer in all 3 years in the field where straw was removed and in the third year when straw was incorporated. Where there was a significant response to K fertilization, yields increased by 560 kg ha-1. In all fields and years there was a significant yield response to N fertilizer. AgSS severity decreased with increasing N and K fertilizer rates and leaf N and K concentrations at panicle initiation. Furthermore, the leaf N concentration required for maximum rice yields was lower than the leaf N concentration which resulted in the lowest severity of AgSS . 相似文献
15.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):200-205
AbstractThe tillering, lodging and yield of two types of direct-seeded rice (dry and water seeding), under deep water (DW) and ordinary water treatment (OW), were compared in 1994 and 1995. The percentage of productive tillers to maximum tiller number under DW was 85% for transplanted, 60% for water-seeded and 84% for dry-seeded rice (mean 76%), while that under OW was 59, 50 and 74% (mean 61%), respectively, in both years. By DW, longer culm length and fresh weight tended to be increased, thus elevating bending moment, but the culm diameter and culm-breaking weight were increased showing the lower lodging index. In water-seeded rice, the suppression of the development of non-productive tillers by DW was relatively weak compared to that in dry-seeded or transplanted rice. Although the number of panicles was similar under DW and OW, 1000-grain weight and percentage of grain filling were significantly improved by DW. The grain yield was higher under DW, and the mean grain yields of the two years were 4.82 t ha?1 under DW and 4.48 t ha?1 under OW. 相似文献
16.
酸性硫酸盐土壤上直接施用磷矿粉对水稻生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1998-2001年在已垦和未垦酸性硫酸盐土壤上连续进行6造磷矿粉肥效试验,4种磷矿粉分别为摩洛哥的CALINE和BRUT磷矿粉,阿尔及利亚磷矿粉,2种速效磷肥分别为过磷酸钙(SSP)和三料过磷酸钙(TSP)。头3造磷肥在水稻移栽前施。从2000年起,每小区平均分成2个小裂区,其中裂区Ⅰ继续按以前用量每造均施,裂区Ⅱ则将后4造肥料1次施用。连续3a的试验结果表明:在未垦地上,施用磷矿粉有促进水稻分蘖和增加穗数的作用,并表现出显的增产效果,4种磷矿粉与SSP之间未表现持续显性差异;在已垦地上,各处理间无显差异,比较磷肥的累积与残留效应,也未表现显差异。累积效应中磷矿粉的RAE值最小相当于TSP的58.2%,在酸性硫酸盐土壤上以磷矿粉作为一种有效的磷肥是切实可行的。虽然缺磷是制约水稻生长的一个关键因素,但在此类土壤上单施矿粉还远不能达到常规产量,因而还存在其他限制因子。 相似文献
17.
Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K.VIJAY KRISHNA KUMAR S.KR.YELLAREDDYGARI M.S.REDDY J.W.KLOEPPER K.S.LAWRENCE H.SUDINI D.E.GROTH S.KRISHNAM RAJU M.E.MILLER 《水稻科学》2012,19(1):55-63
Rice sheath blight disease(ShB),caused by Rhizoctonia solani,gives rise to significant grain yield losses.The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral?,the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600,against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion.In greenhouse studies,four log concentrations of Integral(from 2.2×106 to 2.2×109 cfu/mL) were used as seed treatment(ST).After 25 d,seedlings were dipped(SD) into Integral prior to transplanting.At 30 d after transplanting(DAT),leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen.At 45 DAT,a foliar spray(FS) with Integral was applied to some treatments.The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L,and a nontreated control was also included.Overall,there were 10 treatments,each with five replications.ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT,and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT.In 2009,two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×108 and 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Integral was applied as ST,and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed.After 32 d,seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m2 blocks.Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT.There were seven treatments,each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design.At 20 DAT,the plots were broadcast inoculated with R.solani produced on rice grains.Seedling height before transplanting,ShB severity at 90 DAT,and grain yield at harvest were recorded.Integral at 2.2×109 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions.The Integral treatments of ST + SD + FS at 2.2×109 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments.In field studies,Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery,and number of tillers per plant,compared with the control.ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations.Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL.Overall,Integral significantly reduced ShB severity,enhanced seedling growth,number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST + SD + FS at the concentration of 2.2×109 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated. 相似文献
18.
红壤稻田钾肥施用量对超级稻生长及产量的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以超高产水稻中浙优1号、甬优9号为材料,研究土壤不同钾素水平(50 mg/kg、90 mg/kg)及钾肥用量(0、75、150、225 kg/hm2氯化钾)对水稻生长和产量的影响。土壤不同钾素水平对穗数、成穗率、每穗粒数、着粒密度、株高、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和光合速率有显著影响,差异达显著水平;不同时期施用钾肥对产量的贡献依次为:基肥>分蘖肥>穗肥,产量差异达到3%~10%;随着施钾量增加植株高度明显增加,中浙优1号上表现更为明显,且随着施钾量增加,茎秆加粗,特别是基部节间粗度增加尤为明显。施钾与不施钾相比,两个品种产量分别增加5.6%和8.8%,但产量增加并不与施钾量成正比,不同施钾水平间产量差异不显著。 相似文献
19.
20.
不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响 总被引:35,自引:1,他引:34
通过在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站长期定位试验,研究了不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育的影响。秸秆还田提高水稻分蘖数、叶面积指数和地上部干物质量,增加了水稻每1 m2穗数和每穗实粒数,从而提高了水稻产量。但秸秆还田对早稻生长发育的影响明显大于对晚稻生长发育的影响。在施用氮、磷、钾肥条件下,秸秆还田使早稻产量增加1288%(2005年)和1003%(2006年),效果显著;而晚稻仅增加133%(2005年)和261%(2006年),增产作用不明显。造成秸秆还田对早晚稻生长发育及产量的影响有明显差异的主要原因是早晚稻生育期的温度等气候条件对还田后秸秆腐解及养分释放影响的不同及秸秆还田到水稻移栽这段时间的长短会对有机酸和CO2等物质的浓度产生影响。还对合理利用秸秆资源提出了建议 相似文献