营养元素的缺乏与过量对马铃薯脱毒苗生长的影响

以EM3-1营养液为基础研究了N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、微量元素的缺乏、适量和过量三个水平对马铃薯脱毒苗生长状况的影响。结果表明:N、P、K、Ca、Mg和微量元素的缺乏导致薯苗均不能正常生长并完成其生活史,S在薯苗生长初期可以缺乏,但中期即开始表现症状,过量会对薯苗前期生长造成危害;相对EM3-1营养液,Ca需适量增加,而S和Mg需适量减少;薯苗到生长中期需及时补充或更换营养液,否则会造成营养元素的缺乏;在营养液中,微量元素是不可缺少的。     

莆田城厢枇杷树体营养状况调查与合理施肥

通过对代表性枇杷园枇杷叶样矿质营养状况的调查分析,结果表明:莆田城厢枇杷树体中N、P营养水平比较适宜,K营养属中下水平,有近三分之一的样树表现缺乏;中量元素特别是Ca营养绝大多数样树表现缺乏,Mg营养亦有近半数样树表现缺乏;微量元素中Zn、Mn营养丰富,Fe、B营养比较适宜,Cu营养水平中等偏丰富,但Mo营养有三分之一的样树表现缺乏.据此提出相应的枇杷合理施肥和缺素矫治措施.     

不同品种枇杷果实微量元素分析及综合评价

本研究采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定23种枇杷果实中9种微量元素含量,并对果实的外观品质指标进行测定,运用主成分分析、聚类分析方法及结合SPSS 19.0统计软件对测定结果进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）不同品种枇杷果实中微量元素含量顺序均为：Mn>Zn>Fe>Cu>Ni>Co>Mo>Se>V。其中Mn、Fe和Zn 3种微量元素是枇杷果实中主要微量元素,主成分分析筛选出4个主因子,枇杷果肉中Mn、Co、Cu和Se是枇杷的特征微量元素,综合得分较高的前3个品种依次是‘新霄’、‘卓南1号’和‘少核大红袍’。（2）根据微量元素含量将枇杷分为3个类型,即高Zn、Fe含量类型,包括‘木鱼种’、‘小毛枇杷’等共计19个品种;高Cu含量类型,包括‘少核大红袍’和‘湖北二六’;高Mn、Co含量类型,包括‘卓南1号’和‘新霄’。（3）对果实中微量元素之间相关性分析发现,元素Mn和Co、Cu之间表现为极显著性相关,相关系数分别为0.852和0.538;此外元素V和Fe、Zn,元素Co和Cu之间表现出显著相关,元素Ni和Se表现为显著相关。同时对微量元素与果实品质之间做相关性分析表明,Fe与果肉中的可溶性固形物呈极显著相关;元素Cu与果实横径表现为极显著相关。综合分析表明,枇杷中富含Fe、Zn、Mn等有益微量元素,且含有特征微量元素Se。‘新霄’是23个品种中营养价值最高的品种。     

广西兴宾蔗区土壤养分状况分析

对广西兴宾蔗区的种蔗土壤的养分状况进行了全面的调查分析。结果表明,土壤有效N、P、K含量处于中等或中下水平,与高产土壤条件相比仍有较大差距。在各种微量元素中,B最为缺乏,其次是S、Mg,Zn、Cu和Mn也有可能缺乏。因此在甘蔗施肥时应该十分重视N、P、K肥的施用,并配合施用B、S、Mg等中微量元素,适当考虑施用Zn、Cu、Mn等微量元素。     

豆类中微量元素的测定

[目的]分析测定豆类中主要微量元素的含量。[方法]利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定豌豆、黄豆、绿豆、芸豆中微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu的含量。[结果]4种豆类中各微量元素含量依次为Fe〉Zn〉Mn〉Cu,其中黄豆中各微量元素含量高于其他3种豆类。元素回收率在95.0%~104.9%之间,RSD〈1.9%。[结论]该试验结果精密准确,4种豆类均富含微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn和Cu,且以黄豆为最佳。     

微量元素对大豆种子发芽及其保护酶表达的影响

在砂培条件下,研究了6种微量元素对大豆种子发芽及其幼苗保护酶的影响.结果表明:在适宜的浓度范围内,6种不同的处理均能提高大豆种子的发芽率、主根长度和侧根数量,其作用大小顺序分别是:Mo>Cu、B>Zn>Fe、Mn;B>Zn>Cu、Mo>Fe>Mn,和Fe>Mo>Cu、B>Zn、Mn;B和Mo处理对大豆胚轴伸长和Mo、F...     

茶树喷施高产宝试验初报

高产宝为北京台农农化制品有限公司产品，内含有微量元素（Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,B,Mo)大量元素（N，P、K）及中量元素（S，Mg)活化剂、络合剂、有机酸、营养全面、能促进作物生长，改良品质和提高产量。为探讨茶树喷施高产宝的增产效果，于2000年进行了叶面喷施试验，现将试验情况初报如下：     

甘肃省红粘土营养诊断与玉米平衡施肥研究

温室盆栽与田间试验研究甘肃省临夏积石山红粘土营养状况。结果表明,盆栽红粘土缺N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn,未表现缺Mo;Fe和B元素充足。减N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn处理的作物相对产量分别为53.2%、39.5%、89.4%、84.4%、82.5%、83.5%和95.2%。土壤养分亏缺顺序为P>N>Cu>Mn>S>K>Zn;N、P和Zn肥为大田该红粘土主要限制因子,其次为S、Cu和K,土壤中不缺Mo,OPT中氮量适中。与OPT相比,减N、P、Zn和Cu玉米分别减产52.0%、21.2%、22.3%和17.3%,增加N用量产量降低8.4%。推荐施肥配方为N210kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2、K2O60kg/hm2、S90kg/hm2、Cu3.75kg/hm2和Zn1.5kg/hm2。     

氮肥对不同玉米品种子粒微量元素含量和生物有效性的影响

研究田间施用氮肥对吉林省4个玉米品种子粒中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu含量以及Zn与Fe生物有效性的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可增加玉米子粒中Zn、Fe含量,过量施氮玉米子粒中Zn和Fe含量不再增加甚至呈下降趋势;子粒中Mn含量随氮肥增加而提高,Cu含量随氮肥增加而降低,4个品种中只有吉四单19在过量施氮时子粒Mn含量呈下降趋势。随氮肥水平提高,玉米子粒中Zn、Fe和Mn累积量呈递增趋势,Cu累积量变化不显著。全磷与这些矿物质元素的比值(P/Zn、P/Fe)表明,氮肥施用将显著降低玉米子粒中Zn和Fe的生物有效性。     

红蓝LED光源对马铃薯组培苗形态生长、光合色素含量及矿质元素积累的影响

以‘中薯7号’马铃薯品种为试验材料,以脱毒马铃薯组培苗单节茎段为外植体,采用100μmol/m~2·s光强的白(对照)、红、蓝及红蓝光组合4种LED光谱作照明光源培养马铃薯组培苗,研究不同LED光质对马铃薯组培苗生长及矿质元素积累的影响。结果表明,红光引起马铃薯组培苗茎秆伸长变细,增加其节间长和茎节数,降低壮苗指数;蓝光诱导组培苗茎秆矮化加粗,促进干物质积累,增加壮苗指数。蓝光和红蓝光组合显著增加叶绿素a/b的值,红光则显著降低该值。与白光相比,红光抑制马铃薯组培苗对Ca、Fe、Zn和Cu的吸收,并增加上述元素在茎中的分配率,降低其在叶中的分配率;蓝光抑制组培苗对Ca和Mn的吸收,促进P、Zn和Fe的吸收,提高P和Zn在根中的分配率,减少其在茎中的分配率。红蓝光组合增加K、P、Mg、Mn在组培苗中的总积累量,改变Ca和Fe元素在组培苗各器官中的分配情况。因此,光质显著影响马铃薯组培苗的生长和矿质元素的积累:蓝光和红蓝光组合通过增加健苗指数和P元素的积累,促进马铃薯组培苗健壮生长;红光一定程度上造成马铃薯组培苗的遮荫反应并抑制Ca等矿质元素的积累,不利于组培苗生长。研究为光源调控马铃薯组培苗生长和矿质元素代谢提供相关数据支撑和理论依据,同时为马铃薯组培苗快繁中人工光源的选择提供相关参考。     

Influence of zinc concentration in nutrient solution on growth and elemental content of the “Katahdin” potato plant

Hoagland’s solutions containing nine levels of zinc ranging from 0 to 50 ppm were applied as a drench tri-weekly to potato plants (cultivar Katahdin) growing in perlite. Although no deficiency symptoms were observed during the 46-day growing period, varying degrees of toxicity were associated with solution concentrations of 25 ppm Zn and higher. The tissue concentration necessary to induce toxicity symptoms appeared to fall between 648 and 932 ppm Zn, with an indication that growth may be reduced at tissue concentrations less than 648 ppm. Solution concentrations in excess of 20 ppm Zn caused a significant reduction in dry weight of top, root and rhizome portions, and number of secondary rhizomes. Increasing Zn treatment concentrations influenced elemental tissue content as follows: Al, Ca, Mn, Mo and Zn increased, B increased only at 40 ppm Zn or above, N and K decreased and P, Mg and Fe contents were generally decreased by the addition of Zn. Cu content was unaffected.     

超高产冬小麦四种微量元素的积累及其与产量性状的关系

为了明确超高产冬小麦锰、锌、铜、硼的吸收积累特点及与产量相关性状的关系,于2005-2006年冬小麦成熟期测定了不同小麦品种产量相关性状及植株和籽粒中锰、锌、铜、硼的含量与积累量。结果表明,成熟期不同冬小麦品种植株和籽粒中4种元素的含量和积累量存在不同程度的差异,但都表现为锰>锌>铜>硼。植株锰积累量与穗粒数呈显著正相关,植株锰含量和积累量与单株成穗数呈显著负相关。植株和籽粒锌含量和积累量与每穗小穗数、结实小穗数和穗粒数呈正相关,与不孕小穗数呈负相关,但相关均未达到显著水平。植株铜含量与每穗小穂数、结实小穗数、穗粒数和产量均为正相关,且相关达到显著或极显著水平。植株铜积累量与总小穗数、结实小穗数呈显著正相关,与不孕小穗数呈显著负相关。植株硼积累量与产量达到显著正相关水平。综合分析可知,4种微量元素在增加产量和优化产量构成因素中起着不同的作用,在小麦生产中应针对具体的限制因素确定不同微量元素肥料的施用技术。     

微肥配施对花生产量与效益的影响

江淮分水岭地区花生平衡施肥田间试验研究结果表明，在一定的N、P、K大量元素供给水平上，配合施用B、Cu、Mo、Zn等不同微量元素肥料，均能促进花生的生长发育，有利于植株的于物质积累，增加根瘤数和结果数，提高花生的产量和经济效益。其中以基施硼肥结合钼肥拌种或者基施铜肥结合钼肥拌种的增产增收效果最为显著。     

The influence of mist irrigatioin on the potato: III. Nutrient content of leaves

The influence of irrigation method on nutrient content of potato leaves throughout the season was assessed during three years. Low gallonage “mist” irrigation (M), furrow irrigation (F), mist plus furrow (MF), and no irrigation (NI) were compared. Leaf blades and petioles from Kennebec (1967, 1968, 1969) and Irish Cobbler (1968, 1969) plants were analyzed for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mo, Mn, Cu, B and N. Levels of Mo, Mn, Cu and B did not differ either between treatments or during the season. Leaves from different irrigation methods did not differ consistently in levels of N, K, Mg, Ca or Fe. However, during the latter part of two seasons NI plants contained less P and K and more Fe than M or MF plants. F plants were similar to NI plants in nutrient content except that P was lower in the latter. No matter what the irrigation method, N declined as plants matured. Irrigation treatment did not influence the K or Fe levels of petioles consistently. On several sampling dates MF plants were intermediate. Leaves and petioles of M and MF plants consistently contained more Zn throughout all three seasons than non-irrigated or furrow irrigated plants and, in conctrast to the latter, Zn content did not decline as plants matured.     

不同微肥在马铃薯上应用效果的研究

本试验用５ 种微肥喷施马铃薯, 对其产量及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标的影响进行了研究。其结果为, 不同种微肥对其产量及产量性状、生长发育、生理指标具有不同的效果, 其效果显著的有硼、铜、锌三种, 钼和锰效果不显著。     

主栽品种龙眼生物学性状及营养累积特点

在华南龙眼主产区挖取16~17 a成熟期中高产石硖、储良、福眼和松风本龙眼（Dimocarpus longan Lour.）各1株,调查树体生物学性状,探讨养分元素在树体的累积和分配。结果显示,4株龙眼地上部树体生物量平均为264.3 kg（鲜重）,果实、叶片和树干分别占地上部生物量的28.4%、12.3%和59.3%。在果实成熟期,叶片、树干、根系和果皮均以Ca含量最高,果肉以K含量最高,果核N含量最高。为生产50 kg果实,龙眼地上部需吸收N 668.6 g、P 102.0 g、K 461.6 g、Ca 1310.4 g、Mg 80.7 g、S 43.3 g、Si 63.8 g、Fe 20.1 g、Mn 5.8 g、Cu 349.9 mg、Zn 1245.9 mg、B 849.5 mg和Mo 8.7 mg。Ca是龙眼最重要的营养元素。收获50 kg龙眼果实,带走养分量为N 167.8 g、P 23.1 g、K 156.4 g、Ca 57.0 g、Mg 12.6 g、S 8.4 g、Si 0.7 g、Fe 0.7 g、Mn 0.4 g、Cu 110.5 mg、Zn 155.6 mg、B 125.3 mg和Mo 1.6 mg。为维持立地土壤养分肥力及龙眼植株正常生长,果实带走养分量应为翌年施肥量的下限。对生产中因营养问题引起的龙眼叶片缺素和果实生长异常现象进行讨论后,建议今后加强龙眼Ca、Mg、Si和B营养的研究。     

The influence of potassium fertilizer application on tuber yield and mineral element content of potato petioles during the growing season

Potassium was applied at rates equivalent to 0, 135, and 250 pounds per acre (0, 151, 180 kg K/ha) to study the effect of soil applied K on tuber yields and concentration of mineral elements in the petioles of potato plants during growth both measured at 14 day intervals. Petioles were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Al, Mn, and B. Seasonal trends in petiolar K content were highly correlated with tuber bulking regardless of rate of K application. Increasing K application rates generally increased petiolar levels of K and Zn (early in the season) and decreased the levels of N, Mg, Ca, Zn (late in the season), Al, Fe, Cu, and B in the petioles. Concentrations of P and Mn were unaffected by K applications. Seasonal trends in the mineral element content of petioles were not influenced by K. Results indicate that a prediction model for tuber yield based upon trends in the K content of petioles is valid under differing soil levels of K.     

钼对茶树体内无机元素含量及分布的影响

用水培、土施和喷施方法,研究了 Mo 对茶树体内无机元素吸收和分布的影响,结果表明,茶树对 Mo 有很强的吸收能力,并积累在叶、根中。土施以盆土表面积每平方厘米50—200μg效果较好,但喷施易造成叶中 Mo 过剩。水培 Mo 处理能有效地提高叶中 B、Na 的含量,促进 K 的吸收,减少体内 S 的含量,P、Ca、Cu、Fe 在茎中积累,Mg、Mn 在叶中有所增加。Mo 对 Al、Zn 含量无影响。施肥方式不同,Mo 效应也有区别,土施 Mo 肥能增加新梢中的大部分元素含量,喷施Mo 肥则使新梢中的大部分元素含量趋于下降。     

油棕不同叶序Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的变化规律及测定

根据油棕叶片在树冠轮生的规律,对不同成熟度的叶片进行排序,进而对不同叶序的Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn4种微量元素含量进行测定,并对其变化规律进行分析.结果表明:(1)不同油棕树体4种微量元素含量有一定差异,但变化规律基本相同;(2)从整体看,8～26叶序,Mn含量上升,Fe含量略微上升,Cu含量则下降,而Zn略微降低;(3)成龄树体的Fe含量变化范围为74.0-128.9 mg/kg;Mn为43.6-168.3 mg/kg;Cu为3.47-7.03 mg/kg;Zn为12.1～24.4 mg/kg.(4)16-18叶序间4种微量元素含量变化差异不显著,比较稳定,可作为Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn营养诊断的采样叶位.     

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn Concentrations in Shoot and Grain Quality in Rice （Oryza sativa）

In a pot experiment, effects of N fertilizer application on the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in shoot of rice and the quality of brown rice were studied. In the treatments with N fertilizer application, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in most parts of rice shoot increased compared with control (no N fertilizer application). This indicated that the transportation ability of microelements from root to shoot in rice was improved with N fertilizer application. Effect of N fertilizer on IR68144 was similar to that of on IR64, but the concentrations of the microelements in plant differed, suggesting that the characteristic expression of the two rice genotypes was not controlled by the amount of N fertilizer supplied. The concentrations of those microelements in brown rice increased at first and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer application, reaching the highest at 160 kg/ha, at which the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in brown rice increased by 28.96%, 41.34%, 58.31% and 16.0% for IR64, and by 22.16%, 13.75%, 8.75% and 20.21% for IR68144 compared with control, respectively. Moreover, N fertilizer promoted the accumulation of protein, decreased the accumulation of amylose in grain, and enhanced gel consistency of brown rice. These results indicate that appropriate N fertilizer management could increase micronutrient contents in grain and improve nutrition quality of rice.