基质栽培对西瓜甜瓜产量和品质的影响

以土壤栽培为对照，研究了基质栽培对西瓜甜瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明，基质栽培的西、甜瓜分别比对照增产26％、13％，每hm^2经济效益净增17242、6757元；基质栽培对西、甜瓜品质影响不大；基质栽培条件下氮素养分盈余量较低，平衡指数低于对照。     

日光节能温室有机基质栽培对风味4号甜瓜产量和品质的影响

以土壤栽培为对照,研究了有机基质栽培对风味4号厚皮甜瓜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:不同有机基质栽培的风味4号甜瓜分别比对照增产35.4%、25.1%和21.8%,品质均优于对照.     

不同施肥量对甜瓜光合特性、产量及品质的影响

以"一品天下208"甜瓜为试材,以土壤栽培及当地常规施肥为对照(CK),采用基质盆栽,研究了低、中、高3个施肥量处理(T1、T2、T3)对温室甜瓜光合特性、产量及品质的影响,以期探索适合关中地区温室甜瓜生产的合理施肥量,实现高产高效。结果表明:一定范围内,随着施肥量的增加,各光合特性指标逐渐增强,T2、T3处理的净光合速率差异不显著;与对照相比,T1、T2、T3处理的产量分别提高了11.2%、28.7%、16.4%;不同施肥量对甜瓜品质影响显著,且T2处理品质最佳。综上,T2处理下光合作用强且可得到较高的产量和较好的品质,故推荐采用基质盆栽,且施肥量为1hm~2施N 225kg、P_2O_5140kg、K_2O 150kg。     

基质栽培对番茄产量和品质影响的Meta分析

为整合分析基质栽培对番茄产量和品质的综合效应,以"番茄""基质""产量"或"品质"为主要关键词进行文献检索,在知网、万方和Web of Science中共筛选出符合Meta分析标准的文献38篇;以土壤栽培为对照,选择增产率=(处理产量-对照产量)/对照产量×100%作为产量效应值,选择y=ln R(R表示处理指标/对照指标)作为品质指标效应值,采用Meta分析方法,整合分析不同配方基质栽培对番茄产量和品质的影响,并分类分析影响产量和品质效应的因素。Meta分析结果表明,与土壤栽培相比,基质栽培显著提高了番茄产量和部分品质指标;基质容重在0.6 g·cm-3左右、总孔隙度在70%～80%、有机质含量(w)10%时所生产的番茄产量更高、品质更优。     

不同厚皮甜瓜品种基质栽培研究

为筛选适合东南沿海地区有机基质栽培的厚皮甜瓜品种,引进5个甜瓜品种,研究其基质栽培的生育期、植株长势、净光合速率、产量和品质。结果表明,5个厚皮甜瓜品种在基质栽培条件下生长良好,果实发育期46～63d,净光合速率19.4～23.3μmol/m2·s,667m2产量1396.8～1922.4kg,品质佳,适合在东南沿海地区种植。     

厚皮甜瓜冬春茬栽培整枝方式研究

为了探求不同栽培整枝方式对日光温室冬春茬厚皮甜瓜熟性、产量、品质和商品性状的影响,进行了4种栽培整枝方式比较试验。结果表明:甜瓜采收期以爬地栽培单蔓整枝方式最早,比吊蔓栽培单蔓整枝方式和爬地栽培双蔓整枝方式早3d,比对照爬地栽培3蔓整枝方式早8d。单果质量、总产量、可溶性固形物含量均以吊蔓栽培单蔓整枝方式最高。吊蔓单蔓方式单果质量(755g)高出对照335g;667m2总产量达2926kg,比对照增产56.6%;中心可溶性固形物17.5%,高出对照2个百分点;且甜瓜果面光洁,果色均匀,果形周正,口感风味好,商品性状优良。据此,建议冬春茬厚皮甜瓜保护地栽培宜推广吊蔓单蔓整枝栽培方式,以取得优质高产高效。     

甜瓜有机生态型无土栽培基质的筛选

以金美丽甜瓜品种为试材,炉渣、菇渣、黄沙等为栽培基质材料,用发酵秸秆反应堆、复合肥代替营养液,进行甜瓜有机生态型无土栽培试验,分析比较5种配方组合基质对甜瓜生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,甜瓜无土栽培基质以泥炭∶珍珠岩∶菇渣∶炉渣(9∶3∶4∶4)+(2kg发酵生物秸秆反应堆+0.5kg复合肥)/m2配方最佳,在甜瓜幼苗生长期主蔓最长,采收后单果质量最大,相应的果实纵径、横径和果肉厚度均达到最大值,中心可溶性固形物为13.1%,折合667m2产量高达3264.3kg,显著高于对照和其他处理;其次为泥炭∶珍珠岩∶菇渣(9∶3∶8)+(2kg发酵生物秸秆反应堆+0.5kg复合肥)/m2配方。     

雾培对网纹甜瓜生长和产量及品质的影响

以基质培和水培为对照,研究了雾培对网纹甜瓜植株生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:雾培网纹甜瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数、根长、根体积、根系活力和根干物质积累均高于水培和基质培,说明雾培能促进网纹甜瓜植株生长,使其根系发达,长势旺盛.雾培网纹甜瓜单瓜重极显著高于水培和基质培;果实可溶性固形物和维生素C含量与水培和基质培差异不显著;雾培可溶性总糖含量显著低于基质培;有机酸含量显著高于水培,但与基质培差异不显著;蛋白质含量显著高于基质培,说明雾培在显著提高网纹甜瓜产量的同时果实品质有所下降.     

不同栽培方式对薄皮甜瓜品质和产量的影响

为探索薄皮甜瓜高产高效栽培方式,以温州地方特色薄皮甜瓜品种白啄瓜为材料,以爬地栽培(A)为对照,设置立架栽培(B)和拱架栽培(C)2个处理,其667 m2种植密度分别为280、635、635株,研究不同处理方式对薄皮甜瓜品质、产量和经济效益的影响.试验结果表明,不同处理对薄皮甜瓜品质无显著影响,但对甜瓜产量和经济效益影响显著;对照A的单瓜质量显著高于B、C处理,单株产量最高,但因其种植密度低,单位面积产量和经济效益均低于B、C处理,B、C处理的667 m2产量分别为3 688、3 706 kg,约比对照A高900 kg;B、C处理的667 m2纯收益较高,分别为2.08万、1.99万元.综上所述,为实现甜瓜高产高效栽培,应选择立架或拱架栽培.     

放线菌剂对连作温室甜瓜生长及产量和品质的影响

以温室甜瓜连作8年的土壤为试材,采用比较研究方法,研究了土壤中增施放线菌剂后对甜瓜植株生长及产量、品质等方面的影响。结果表明:在土壤中增施放线菌剂使2个甜瓜品种的叶面积分别比对照增加8.7%和6.5%,叶绿素含量分别比对照增加8.2%和16.8%;小区产量较对照高出18.3%和21.0%;蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量及维生素C含量也较对照有大幅度提高。说明增施放线菌剂,能促进甜瓜植株的生长,并能显著提高甜瓜的产量和品质。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.