灵武长枣贮藏期间生理变化的研究

灵武长枣在贮藏期间失水严重;呼吸跃变高峰期出现在第6天;果皮叶绿素、有机酸、可溶性固形物含量总体上呈下降趋势,而维生素 C 的含量呈上升趋势,室温(18±2)℃贮藏6 d后其商业品质迅速下降.     

不同类型灵武长枣果实糖积累差异研究

以大果型、枣刺退化型、早熟型、普通型4个类型灵武长枣果实为试材,测定了4个类型果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性,探讨不同类型灵武长枣果实糖积累的差异。结果表明,4个类型灵武长枣果实糖积累类型均为糖直接积累型,快速膨大期以积累葡萄糖和果糖为主,成熟期以蔗糖迅速积累为主,在发育过程中蔗糖含量均呈递增趋势,果糖和葡萄糖的积累量存在较大差异;不同类型灵武长枣果实酸性转化酶、蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)活性随果实成熟、蔗糖积累而下降,中性转化酶、蔗糖合成酶(分解方向)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性变化各有不同;果实所积累糖的含量和比率的不同是不同类型灵武长枣果实品质差异的主要原因。     

枣鲜食新品种灵武长枣2号的选育

灵武长枣2号是从灵武长枣品种群体中选出的枣鲜食新品种。果实长椭圆形(略扁),平均单果重21.0 g,最大单果重40.0 g;果实紫红色,果顶凹入或微凸;果肉淡绿色,肉质脆,汁液较多,味甜微酸,核内无仁,品质上等;可食率95.00%,果肉硬度14.05 kg/cm2,水分含量73.58%,可溶性固形物含量26.00%,总糖含量24.30%,总酸含量0.44%,维生素C含量3 804.00mg/kg。不易落果,在宁夏灵武,果实9月下旬成熟。2013年通过宁夏回族自治区林木品种审定委员会审定。     

赤霉素和环割对灵武长枣生长发育、着果及果实品质的影响

为寻求适于灵武长枣的保果措施,以喷清水为对照,比较分析了花期喷施不同浓度(10、20、30、40 mg/kg)赤霉素(GA_3)和环割(2年生以上主枝环割1圈)处理的灵武长枣的1年生主枝枣吊叶片净光合速率、枣吊生长、着果率及果实品质。结果表明,GA_3和环割提高了1年生主枝叶片光合作用。10和30 mg/kg GA_3处理显著促进1年生主枝枣吊的伸长和加粗生长;环割处理对枣吊长度和粗度无影响。20～40 mg/kg GA_3和环割能显著提高着果率,但降低了果实横径、单果质量。GA_3提高了果实维生素C含量,降低了果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比;环割处理对可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和糖酸比无显著影响。喷施GA_3和环割对果实品质有不利影响,环割对果实品质不利影响小于GA_3,喷施GA_3对果实品质的不利影响随浓度的增加而增大。建议生产采用环割技术来调控树体生长保果,喷施GA_3保果时浓度应控制在20 mg/kg左右。     

行间生草对‘灵武长枣’生长与果实品质的影响

2017年,对‘灵武长枣’迚行行间生草试验,共设5个生草处理,分别为自然生草及行间种植紫花苜蓿、百脉根、黑麦草、白三叶草,以清耕为对照,探讨行间生草对‘灵武长枣’生长及果实品质的影响。结果表明:行间生草对‘灵武长枣’树高、地径、枣吊长度、叶片叶绿素含量有抑制作用,能控制树体营养生长,同时能提高果实维生素C含量,降低果实黄酮含量,改善果实品质;在坐果率方面,除行间种植黑麦草处理明显高于对照(清耕)外,其他4个生草处理均低于对照。综合来看,‘灵武长枣’行间种植黑麦草处理的树高适中、枣吊粗壮、叶面积较大、坐果率高、果实品质佳,推荐其作为生产种植的首选草种。     

软枣猕猴桃叶片矿质元素变化与果实品质的关系

以"桓优一号"猕猴桃为试材,测定了营养枝与结果枝叶片及果实中的N、P、K、Ca、Mg等元素含量及生理指标,研究了叶片中矿质元素变化与果实品质的关系,以期为果实发育中营养的合理补充提供科学依据。结果表明:2种叶片中全氮含量均明显下降;全磷含量在营养枝叶片先大幅增加后大幅下降,在结果枝叶片先增加后减少再增加。2种叶片全钾含量不断下降。全钙、全镁含量逐步增加;随着果实发育,维生素C含量逐渐下降,果实鲜质量与其干物质量逐步增加。总酸含量先稳步增加后持续下降,总固形物含量不断增加。全氮含量总体呈增加趋势,全磷、全钾含量先增加后减少,全钙含量下降趋势明显,全镁含量变化不大。营养枝与结果枝叶片中全氮、全钾与果实营养指标之间存在显著或极显著的负相关关系。营养枝与结果枝中矿质营养元素主要用于果实的建成,在一定范围内,要保证果实发育期叶片有充足的矿质元素含量,以利于提高果实的大小和品质。在果实总固形物含量方面,不同时期叶片中N、P、K元素与果实总固形物含量的相关性不同。2种叶片中Ca含量与果实鲜质量、果实干物质量及果实总固形物含量呈正相关,说明适量提高叶片中矿质元素的含量可提高果实总固形物含量,促进果实成熟。     

纳米SiO_x涂膜对灵武长枣采后品质的影响

以八成熟灵武长枣果实为试材,研究了纳米SiOx涂膜对不同温度贮藏灵武长枣果实品质变化及贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:纳米SiOx涂膜处理能够显著降低霉烂果率、转红果率,减缓贮藏中后期果肉硬度下降和VC氧化分解,防止水分散失,提高贮藏中后期脆好果率,有效提高常、低温贮藏枣果的淀粉含量,显著提高常温贮藏灵武长枣果内的可溶性蛋白含量,梗部的增加幅度高于果部,从而保持枣果采后品质,延缓果实的后熟软化,延长其贮藏保鲜期。     

'骏枣'果实与叶片发育过程中有机酸组分及含量的变化

该研究以‘骏枣’果实与叶片为试材,利用高效液相色谱法对‘骏枣’果实与叶片发育过程中有机酸组分及含量变化进行研究与分析。结果表明,‘骏枣’果实和叶片中有机酸均以苹果酸、柠檬酸为主,果实的含量分别为2.97、2.67 mg·g~(-1),叶片的含量分别为1.31、0.69 mg·g~(-1)。在‘骏枣’发育过程中,果实与叶片有机酸总量的变化趋势相似,均为前期升高,后期下降,但是果实的有机酸含量始终高于叶片的有机酸含量。果实中酒石酸、奎宁酸、富马酸含量均呈前期升高,后期下降的趋势;叶片中草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、富马酸含量均呈前期升高,后期下降的趋势;果实与叶片中苹果酸和柠檬酸的含量总体均呈上升趋势。     

乙烯利处理对巨峰葡萄物候期与果实品质的影响

采用浙江省慈溪市新浦镇现代农业园区的巨峰葡萄为材料,研究了不同浓度乙烯利处理对葡萄物候期与果实内在品质的影响。结果发现,乙烯利浓度超过250mg/L的处理可促进葡萄物候期提前,同时对葡萄果实的总糖、有机酸、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量都有较大的影响。乙烯利处理有利于提高葡萄果实的总糖含量,降低有机酸含量,增大糖酸比,提高维生素C含量。结果还发现,不同浓度乙烯利处理对上述果实品质指标的影响不尽相同。综合果实主要品质指标,认为乙烯利最佳使用浓度为250mg/L。     

大棚番茄光合速率与果实发育生理指标的关系

以大棚番茄为试材,测定了其叶片光合速率并计算出日均光合速率、果实维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、酸度的变化。结果表明:光合速率的增大可促进番茄果实内维生素C、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、有机酸的合成;番茄果实的发育过程中,随果实的成熟,可溶性糖、维生素C、有机酸的含量逐渐增加,而可溶性蛋白质的含量则逐渐降低。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.