苹果树生长期修剪技术

<正>生长期修剪从苹果树萌芽至落叶前进行,包括春季修剪,夏季修剪和秋季修剪。不同生长时期修剪的任务和方法有所不同,生产实际中较常用的主要有以下几种。     

绿化苗木的整形修剪方法

<正>1修剪时间绿化苗木的修剪一年四季都可以进行,但主要是在冬、夏两季。夏季修剪主要是在生长期,从春季萌发新梢开始,到秋末停止生长为止。在此期间只能做局部的轻度修剪,剪掉枯萎或折断的枝条,从而保持株形的整齐、优美。而冬季修剪是指     

苹果树夏季修剪

苹果树的夏季修剪,又称生长期修剪。在生长期修剪会剪去有叶的枝,对果树生长影响较大,因此尽量宜轻。另外,夏季修剪是冬季修剪的辅助工作,对萌芽初生的新梢及时留优去劣,能调节所留新梢的生长发育并矫正其生长姿势与方向。具体修剪方法如下：     

苹果树生长期修剪技术

<正>苹果树生长期修剪,是指在果树生长过程中,对其枝条,有时还对叶片、果实和根等器官进行去除、致伤、改变姿势或调整位置的操作技术。生长期修剪从苹果树萌芽至落叶前进行,包括春季修剪,夏季修剪和秋季修剪。它与冬季修剪     

葡萄夏季修剪技术

葡萄夏季修剪从萌芽起到落叶止，时间长，工作量大，需多次进行。 1）及时抹芽。抹去不必要的幼芽，节省养分，保证主芽健壮生长。 2）合理定梢。按整形修剪和主枝新梢负荷量选定新梢。定梢在新梢上见有明显花序后进行，一般母梢上每隔10-15cm定1个新梢，按架面1m^2定15-20个健壮新梢，其余的抹除。     

葡萄夏季修剪技术

葡萄新梢在一年中生长期较长,发生多次副梢,且生长旺盛,夏季修剪技术是葡萄枝蔓管理的一项重要技术,夏季修剪可及时调整生长与结果关系,控制生长期间新梢的徒长,改善通风透光条件,减少病虫害,促进果穗和果实的充分发育,促进花芽分化,提高浆果质     

葡萄夏季修剪技术

<正>夏季是葡萄果实生长成熟的重要时期,是全年管理的核心时段,也是葡萄优质高产的关键期。葡萄夏季修剪可以调节养分的流向,调整生长状况,协调营养生长与果实生长的平衡,改善通风透光条件,提高果实产量和品质。葡萄夏季修剪主要包括抹芽定梢、摘心、副梢处理、去卷须和缚新梢、疏花序和修整果穗等。1抹芽定梢葡萄抹芽在植株萌芽后进行,第1次抹芽在萌动后10~15天,芽长出1~2cm时进行,去掉距地面50cm     

如何进行桃树夏季修剪

桃树夏季修剪决定是否年年稳产、高产的主要措施之一 ,所以在管理过程中 ,应当引起果农的重视。夏季修剪是指对桃树进行抹芽、摘心、短截、疏枝、拉枝、扭梢等处理。其作用是改善桃树冠内通风透光条件 ,提高光合作用 ;抑制桃树枝条的顶端优势 ,缓和旺枝生长 ,有利促进花芽形成 ,控制结果部位上移 ,调节生长枝和结果枝的比例 ;防止枝干秃裸 ,减轻冬季修剪量。桃树夏季修剪的时间和次数 ,应根据树龄、品种、树势、新梢生长量、土壤管理及劳力情况来定 ,一般常以三个时期进行夏季修剪。1　抹芽在 4月底至 5月初桃树萌芽后 ,对桃树抹芽 ,抹剪口…     

“秋妃”桃长短梢修剪对比试验

以3年生的秋妃桃为试材,研究冬季结果枝长梢修剪与短梢修剪对秋妃桃生长、结果及经济效益的影响。研究结果表明:对秋妃桃结果枝进行长梢修剪可以降低新梢总生长量,有效控制新梢旺长,促进果实着色,提高果实的产量和品质,长梢修剪因能有效控制新梢旺长,减少了夏季修剪量,从而减少用工量,提高经济效益。     

早实性良种核桃幼树整形修剪技术

早实性良种核桃因其自身营养消耗大、树体容易早衰 ,所以对立地条件及管理水平要求较高 ,对修剪要求较精细 ,若完全采用晚实核桃修剪的方法则不能达到预期的效果。笔者根据近年实践结合外地经验 ,谈谈早实性良种核桃的整形修剪技术。1　整形修剪时期修剪应避开伤流期 ,适宜时期一般为秋季采收后至落叶前或春季萌芽至新梢速长期。对幼、旺树可在夏季进行补充修剪 ,即进行摘心或短截 ,疏剪过密枝。2 　整形一般采用主干疏层形或自然开心形。2 .1　主干疏层形　具有明显的中央领导干 ,主枝 6～ 7个 ,分 3层螺旋状着生在中央领导干上 ,形成半圆…     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

陕西冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病病原菌的分离鉴定及特征比较

以大荔县冬枣种植区采集的发病枣果为试材,采用常规组织分离法进行病原菌的分离纯化,通过柯赫氏证病法则、形态学观察及分子生物学分析,研究鉴定了冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病的病原菌种类,并采用田间调查法对2种病害为害特征进行比较分析,以期为田间有效区分冬枣黑斑病和炭疽病为害症状,并快速判断其病原类型,及进一步深入开展精准防控提供参考和指导.结果表明:陕西大荔冬枣黑斑病的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima),炭疽病的病原菌为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides).2种病害均主要为害枣果实,在枣果果腰或果肩上形成黑褐色病斑,可能同时存在且症状相近极易混淆,但在病斑表面、皮下及久置表型3个方面存在明显区别.     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量